SAE AS4716D-2021

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For more information on this standard, visit

https://www.sae.org/standards/content/AS4716D

AEROSPACE

STANDARD

AS4716™

REV. D

Issued 1993-06

Revised 2021-11

Superseding AS4716C

Gland Design, O-Ring and Other Seals

RATIONALE

Revision D includes:

• Updated references.

• Corrected minor errors.

• Clarification of cylinder breathing under pressure (3.8).

• Corrected Equations B1 and B5. (Subsequently, Appendix B equations are re-numbered.)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................. 3

1.1 Field of Application ................................................................................................................................ 3

2. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 SAE Publications .................................................................................................................................. 3

2.1.2 ASME Publications................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1.3 ISO Publications ................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.4 U.S. Government Publications............................................................................................................... 4

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 4

3.1 Gland Configuration .............................................................................................................................. 4

3.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 4

3.1.2 Dimensions ........................................................................................................................................... 4

3.1.3 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................ 5

3.2 Gland and Groove Details ..................................................................................................................... 5

3.2.1 Gland Major Dimensions ....................................................................................................................... 5

3.2.2 Groove Widths .................................................................................................................................... 24

3.2.3 Standard Gland Design Details ........................................................................................................... 26

3.2.4 Surface Finishes of Glands ................................................................................................................. 28

3.2.5 Brief Descriptions of the Terms Used in Table 6 .................................................................................. 29

3.2.6 HVOF Application Process, Superfinishing and Surface Finish References ......................................... 29

3.3 Diametral Clearances .......................................................................................................................... 29

3.4 Run Out .............................................................................................................................................. 31

3.5 O-Ring Seal Squeeze ......................................................................................................................... 32

3.6 Temperature Considerations in Gland Design ..................................................................................... 32

3.7 Installation of Anti-Extrusion (Backup) Rings ....................................................................................... 32

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SAE INTERNATIONAL AS4716™D Page 2 of 55

3.8 Cylinder Breathing .............................................................................................................................. 33

3.9 Seal Installation................................................................................................................................... 33

4. NOTES ............................................................................................................................................... 34

4.1 Revision Indicator ............................................................................................................................... 34

4.2 Dimensions and Properties ................................................................................................................. 34

APPENDIX A O-RING SQUEEZE CALCULATIONS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS........................................... 35

APPENDIX B GLAND FILL AND O-RING OCCUPANCY CALCULATIONS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

IGNORING SWELL AND AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ................................................................... 42

APPENDIX C GLAND FILL AND O-RING OCCUPANCY CALCULATIONS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

WITH VOLUME SWELL AT 275 °F (135 °C) ....................................................................................... 49

Figure 1 Gland design......................................................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2 Gland configuration examples ............................................................................................................... 6

Figure 3 O-ring dimensions ............................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 4A Groove details, piston gland ................................................................................................................ 26

Figure 4B Groove details, rod gland .................................................................................................................... 26

Figure 5 O-ring installation ................................................................................................................................ 33

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches ..................................................................... 7

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches (continued)................................................... 8

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches (continued)................................................... 9

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches (continued)................................................. 10

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches (continued)................................................. 11

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches (continued)................................................. 12

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches (continued)................................................. 13

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches (continued)................................................. 14

Table 1A Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in inches (continued)................................................. 15

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters ............................................................ 16

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters (continued) .......................................... 17

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters (continued) .......................................... 18

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters (continued) .......................................... 19

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters (continued) .......................................... 20

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters (continued) .......................................... 21

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters (continued) .......................................... 22

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters (continued) .......................................... 23

Table 1B Standard gland dimensions and O-ring squeeze in millimeters (continued) .......................................... 24

Table 2A Standard groove width for zero, one, and two backups in inches ......................................................... 25

Table 2B Standard groove width for zero, one, and two backups in millimeters ................................................... 25

Table 3 Groove wall angle details .................................................................................................................... 27

Table 4 Groove break edge details in inches and millimeters ........................................................................... 27

Table 5 Standard groove corner radius dimensions in inches and millimeters ................................................... 27

Table 6 Surface roughness requirements ......................................................................................................... 28

Table 7A Standard gland diametral clearance dimensions in inches ................................................................... 30

Table 7B Standard gland diametral clearance dimensions in millimeters............................................................. 31

Table 8 Maximum groove diametral run-out for standard glands in inches and millimeters................................ 31

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SAE INTERNATIONAL AS4716™D Page 3 of 55

1. SCOPE

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides standardized gland (groove) design criteria and dimensions for O-ring seal

glands for static and dynamic applications, and other seals.

1.1 Field of Application

The glands have been specifically designed for applications using AS568 size O-rings at pressures exceeding 1500 psi

(10340 kPa) utilizing one or two anti-extrusion (backup) rings and applications at pressures below 1500 psi (10340 kPa)

without backup rings. The glands have been sized to provide sufficient squeeze for effective sealing while at the same

time limiting squeeze to allow satisfactory operation in dynamic applications.

While this specification covers the basic design criteria and recommendations for use with standard size O-rings, these

glands may also be suitable for use with other elastomeric seals and elastomeric and mechanically energized plastic

(non-elastomer) based seals.

NOTE: For static external applications, i.e., where the application is overboard and sealing to atmosphere, the glands

should be per AS5857.

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Applicable Documents

The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications

shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the

event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes

precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption

has been obtained.

2.1.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA

and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.

AMS2452 Superfinishing of HVOF Applied Tungsten Carbide Coatings

AIR6079 Selection of Metallic Spring Energized Seals for Aerospace

ARP4727 Gland Design, Computation of Seal Squeeze and Gland Volume

ARP5555 Recommendations for Installation of Seals in Standard Glands

ARP5935 Use of HVOF Thermal Spray Coatings for Hard Chrome Replacement in Landing Gear Applications

AS568 Aerospace Size Standard for O-Rings

AS5781 Retainers (Backup Rings), Hydraulic and Pneumatic, Polytetrafluoroethylene Resin, Single Turn,

Scarf-Cut, For Use in AS4716 Glands

AS5782 Retainers (Backup Rings), Hydraulic and Pneumatic, Polytetrafluoroethylene Resin, Solid, Un-Cut,

For Use in AS4716 Glands

AS5857 Gland Design, O-Ring and Other Elastomeric Seals, Static Applications

AS6235 Face Seal Gland Design, Static, O-ring and Other Seals for Aerospace Hydraulic and Pneumatic

Applications

AS8791 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Retainers (Backup Rings), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin

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