ASTM A194 - A 194M - 24 高温和高压设备用碳素钢与合金钢螺栓和螺母的规格

VIP专免
Carl 2024-09-02 31 247.77KB 12 页 12星币
侵权投诉
Designation: A194/A194M 24 Endorsed by
Manufacturers Standardization Society
of the Valve and Fittings Industry
Used in USNRC-RDT Standards
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts
for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both
1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A194/A194M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification
2
covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and
martensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range
1
4
through 4 in.
and metric M12 through M100 nominal. It also covers auste-
nitic stainless steel nuts in the size range
1
4
in. and M12
nominal and above. These nuts are intended for high-pressure
or high-temperature service, or both. Grade substitutions with-
out the purchaser’s permission are not allowed.
1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought.
The material may be further processed by centerless grinding
or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution
annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When annealed and
strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accor-
dance with Supplementary Requirement S1, the purchaser
should take special care to ensure that 8.2.2, Supplementary
Requirement S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
provided. These shall apply only when specified in the inquiry,
contract, and order.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in
brackets.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
Iron and Steel Hardware
A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
Shapes
A320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for
Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-
genic to the Creep Range
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on
Iron and Steel
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
posited on Iron and Steel
B696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically
Deposited
B766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-
mium
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current/Magnetic
Induction) Sorting of Ferrous Metals
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved May 1, 2024. Published June 2024. Originally
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as A194/A194M 23.
DOI: 10.1520/A0194_A0194M-24.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-194 in Section II of that code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
F1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to
Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated
Fasteners
F1941/F1941M Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings
on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric
F2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip,
Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel
Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded
Fasteners
2.2 ASME Standards:
4
B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads
B 1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw Threads
B 1.13M Metric Screw Threads
B 18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
B 18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts
B18.2.6M Metric Fasteners for Use in Structural Applica-
tions
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Austenitic Grades—All grades with a prefix of “8” or
“9.”
3.1.2 Ferritic Grades—Grades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 6, 6F, 7,
7M, 43, and 16.
3.1.3 Lot—Unless otherwise specified (see Discussion
below), a lot is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size and
grade produced by the same manufacturing process.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—When Supplementary Requirement S5
is invoked on the purchase order, the following definitions of a
lot shall apply:
3.1.3.2 For Grade 8 Nuts—The quantity of all the nuts of a
single nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat of
steel and made by the same manufacturing process.
3.1.3.3 For All Other Grade Nuts—(see 8.2 and
8.1.2.1)—All the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade
made from the same heat number and heat treated in the same
batch if batch-type heat treating equipment is used or heat
treated in the same continuous run of not more than 8 h under
the same conditions if continuous-type heat treating equipment
is used.
3.1.4 Type:
3.1.4.1 For Grade 8 Nuts—Variations within the grade
designated by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and by
manufacturing process.
3.1.4.2 For Grade 6 Nuts—Variations within the grade
designated by the letter F as differentiated by chemical addi-
tions made for machineability.
3.1.5 Series—The dimensional relationship and geometry of
the nuts as described in ASME B 18.2.2 for inch nuts, ASME
B 18.2.6M or ASME B 18.2.4.6M for metric nuts.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The inquiry and order for bolting material and bolting
components under this specification shall include the following
as required to describe the items adequately:
4.1.1 Specification designation, year date, and grade, issue
date and revision letter,
4.1.2 Quantity, number of pieces,
4.1.3 Dimensions (see Section 9),
4.1.4 Options in accordance with 8.2.2.1,9.1,9.2,10.3, and
12, and
4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if any.
4.2 Coatings—Coatings are prohibited unless specified by
the purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8).
When coated nuts are ordered, the purchaser should take
special care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-
stood.
4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be used
in low temperature applications (Specification A320/A320M).
4.4 Proof Load Testing—See Supplementary Requirement
S9 for proof load testing of nuts manufactured to dimensions
and configurations other than those covered in Tables 3 and 4.
5. Common Requirements
5.1 Bolting material and bolting components supplied to
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-
fication A962/A962M, of which nuts are considered bolting
components, as are bolts, studs, screws, and washers intended
for use in special service applications. These requirements
include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking,
certification, optional supplementary requirements, and others.
Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica-
tion. In case of conflict between the requirements of this
specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification
shall prevail.
6. Manufacture (Process)
6.1 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8 nuts shall
be made by one of the following processes:
6.1.1 Electric-furnace (with separate degassing and refining
optional),
6.1.2 Vacuum induction furnace, or
6.1.3 Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting,
or consumable-arc remelting.
6.2 The steel producer shall exercise adequate control to
eliminate excessive unhomogeneity, nonmetallics, pipe,
porosity, and other defects.
6.3 Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or cold forged, or shall
be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars.
6.3.1 All Grade 1 and 2 nuts shall be stress-relieved at a
temperature of at least 1000 °F [538 °C] after forming or
machining from bar with the following exceptions:
6.3.1.1 Nuts made by hot forging.
6.3.1.2 Nuts machined from hot-forged or hot-rolled bar.
6.3.1.3 Nuts machined from hot-forged/hot-rolled and cold-
finished (max 10 % reduction in area) bar.
4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
A194/A194M − 24
2
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)
A,B,C,D,I
Grade
Description
and UNS
Designation
Carbon Manga-
nese
Phospho-
rus Sulfur
E
Silicon Chromium Nickel Molyb-
denum
Tita-
nium Niobium
H
Nitrogen Copper Selenium Vanadium Aluminum
1 carbon 0.15 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2, 2HM, and
2H
carbon 0.40 min 1.00 0.040 0.050 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 (501)
S50100
0.10 min 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.0–6.0 . . . 0.40–0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 (410)
S41000
0.08–0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.5–13.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6F (416)
S41600
0.15 1.25 0.060 0.15 min 1.00 12.0–14.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6F (416Se)
S41623
0.15 1.25 0.060 0.060 1.00 12.0–14.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15 min . . . . . .
7
G
, 7M
G
Chromium-
Molybdenum
G
0.38–0.48 0.75–1.0 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.80–1.10 . . . 0.15–0.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43 Nickel-
Chromium
Molybdenum
0.38–0.43 0.60–0.85 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.70–0.90 1.65–2.0 0.20–0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8, 8A (304)
S30400
0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8C, 8CA (347)
S34700
0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 . . . . . . 10 x
carbon
content,
min 1.10
... ... ... ... ...
8CLN,
8CLNA
(347LN)
S34751
0.005-
0.020
2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 . . . . . . 0.20–0.50,
15 x
carbon
content,
min
0.06–0.10 . . . . . . . . . . . .
8CLNCuB,
8CLNCuBA
S34752
J
0.005-
0.020
2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 17.0–19.0 10.0–13.0 0.20–1.20 . . . 0.20–0.50,
15 x
carbon
content,
min
0.06–0.12 2.50–3.50 . . . . . . . . .
8M, 8MA (316)
S31600
0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 2.00–3.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8T, 8TA (321)
S32100
0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 . . . 5 x
(C+N)
min -
0.70
max
... 0.10 ... ... ... ...
8F, 8FA (303)
S30300
0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8F, 8FA (303Se)
S30323
0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15 min . . . . . .
8P, 8PA (305)
S30500
0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 11.0–13.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8N, 8NA (304N)
S30451
0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . . . . . . . . . .
8LN, 8LNA (304LN)
S30453
0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . . . . . . . . . .
8MN, 8MNA (316N)
S31651
0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–13.0 2.00–3.00 . . . . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A194/A194M − 24
3
TABLE 1 Continued
Grade
Description
and UNS
Designation
Carbon Manga-
nese
Phospho-
rus Sulfur
E
Silicon Chromium Nickel Molyb-
denum
Tita-
nium Niobium
H
Nitrogen Copper Selenium Vanadium Aluminum
8MLN,
8MLNA
(316LN)
S31653
0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–13.0 2.00–3.00 . . . . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . . . . . . . . . .
8R, 8RA
F
(XM19)
S20910
0.06 4.0–6.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.5–23.5 11.5–13.5 1.50–3.00 . . . 0.10–0.30 0.20–0.40 0.10–0.30
8S, 8SA (Nitronic 60)
S21800
0.10 7.0–9.0 0.060 0.030 3.5–4.5 16.0–18.0 8.0–9.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.08–0.18 . . . . . . . . . . . .
8MLCuN,
8MLCuNA
(254)
S31254
0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.5–20.5 17.5–18.5 6.0–6.5 . . . . . . 0.18–0.25 0.50–1.00 . . . . . . . . .
B8ML4CuN (317)
S31730
0.030 2.00 0.040 0.010 1.00 17.0–19.0 15.0–16.5 3.0–4.0 . . . . . . 0.045 4.0–5.0 . . . . . . . . .
9C, 9CA (AL-6XN)
N08367
0.030 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 20.0-22.0 23.5- 25.5 6.0-7.0 . . . . . . 0.18-0.25 0.75 . . . . . . . . .
16 Chromium
Molyb-
denum
Vanadium
0.36–0.47 0.45–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.80–1.15 . . . 0.50–0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25–0.35 0.15
B
A
The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F, 8F, and 8FA, in which Se is specified and required.
B
Total aluminum, soluble and insoluble.
C
Maximum, unless minimum or range is indicated.
D
Where ellipses ({) appear in this table there is no requirement and the element need not be determined or reported.
E
Because of the degree to which sulfur segregates, product analysis for sulfur over 0.060 % max is not technologically appropriate.
F
As described in Specification A276/A276M.
G
Typical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.
H
Niobium (Nb) and Columbium (Cb) are alternate names for element 41 in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
I
Product Analysis–Individual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individual element in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified
range. Product variation limits are over for maximums, over or under for ranges, and under for minimums, unless otherwise indicated.
J
Boron content shall be in the range 0.001–0.005.
A194/A194M − 24
4
摘要:

ASTM A194/A194M-2024 Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both 高温和高压设备用碳素钢与合金钢螺栓和螺母的规格

展开>> 收起<<
ASTM A194 - A 194M - 24 高温和高压设备用碳素钢与合金钢螺栓和螺母的规格.pdf

共12页,预览4页

还剩页未读, 继续阅读

声明:本文档系会员上传,若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知,我们立即给予侵权申诉删除!
作者:Carl 分类:国外协会 价格:12星币 属性:12 页 大小:247.77KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-02

开通VIP享超值会员特权

  • 多端同步记录
  • 高速下载文档
  • 免费文档工具
  • 分享文档赚钱
  • 每日登录抽奖
  • 优质衍生服务
/ 12
客服
关注