SSPC-SP 16-2010

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SSPC-SP 16

April 1, 2010

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings

SURFACE PREPARATION SPECIFICATION

SSPC-SP 16

Brush-Off Blast Cleaning of Coated and Uncoated

Galvanized Steel, Stainless Steels, and Non-Ferrous Metals

Foreword

This standard covers surface preparation of coated or

uncoated metal surfaces other than carbon steel prior to the

application of a protective coating system. Surface preparation

using this standard is used to uniformly roughen and clean the

bare substrate and to roughen the surface of intact coatings

on these metals prior to coating application. Substrates that

may be prepared by this method include, but are not limited

to, galvanized surfaces, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and

brass. For the purpose of this standard, the zinc metal layer

of hot-dip galvanized steel is considered to be the substrate,

rather than the underlying steel. This standard is not to be used

for cleaning coated or uncoated carbon steel substrates. Five

different standards are available for cleaning carbon steel:

White Metal Blast Cleaning1, Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning2,

Commercial Blast Cleaning3, Industrial Blast Cleaning4, and

Brush-Off Blast Cleaning5. This standard is intended for use

by coating speciers, applicators, inspectors, or others who

may be responsible for dening a standard degree of surface

cleanliness.

This standard represents a degree of cleaning that is similar

to that dened for carbon steel substrates in SSPC-SP7/NACE

No. 4 except that a minimum surface prole depth on the bare

metal surface is required.

1. Scope

1.1 This standard covers the requirements for brush-off

blast cleaning of uncoated or coated metal surfaces other than

carbon steel by the use of abrasives. These requirements

include visual verication of the end condition of the surface

and materials and procedures necessary to achieve and verify

the end condition.

1.2 Information about the function of brush-off blast cleaning

as dened in SP 16 is in Paragraph A1 of Appendix A.

2. Denitions

2.1 A brush-off blast cleaned non-ferrous metal surface,

when viewed without magnication, shall be free of all visible

oil, grease, dirt, dust, metal oxides (corrosion products),

and other foreign matter. Intact, tightly adherent coating is

permitted to remain. A coating is considered tightly adherent

if it cannot be removed by lifting with a dull putty knife. Bare

metal substrates shall have a minimum prole of 19 microm-

eters (0.75 mil).

2.1.1 The entire surface shall be subjected to the abra-

sive blast to achieve the specied degree of cleaning and to

produce a dense and uniform surface prole on the bare metal

substrate. The peaks and valleys on the surface shall form

a continuous pattern, leaving no smooth, unproled areas.

Tightly adherent coating is permitted to remain. A coating is

considered tightly adherent if it cannot be removed by lifting

with a dull putty knife.

2.1.2 Intact coatings that are present shall be roughened

and cleaned as specied in the procurement documents. If

the surface prole is not specied in the procurement docu-

ments, the abrasive selected shall roughen the cleaned

surface to the degree required by the product data sheet for

the coating to be applied.

2.1.3 Immediately prior to coating application, the entire

surface shall comply with the degree of cleaning as speci-

ed herein.

3. Associated Documents

3.1 Documents cited in the mandatory sections of this

standard include:

Document Title

SSPC-SP 16 Solvent Cleaning

ASTM D 4285(1),7 Standard Test Method for Indicat-

ing Oil or Water in Compressed

Air

(1) ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West

Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

Provided by IHS under license with SSPC

Not for Resale

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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SSPC-SP 16

April 1, 2010

ASTM D 4417(2),8 Standard Test Methods for Field

Measurement of Surface Prole

of Blast Cleaned Steel

ASTM D 71279 Standard Test Method for Mea-

surement of Surface Roughness

of Abrasive Blast Cleaned Metal

Surfaces Using a Portable Stylus

Instrument

ASTM D 739310 Method for Indicating Oil in Abra-

sives

3.2 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the docu-

ments listed in Paragraph 3.1 in effect on the date of invitation

to bid shall govern unless otherwise specied.

3.3 If there is a conict between the requirements of any

of the documents listed in Paragraph 3.1 and this standard,

the requirements of this standard shall prevail.

4. Procedures Before Brush-Off Blast Cleaning

of Non-Ferrous Metal Surfaces

4.1 Before blast cleaning of non-ferrous metal surfaces,

visible deposits of oil, grease, or other contaminants that would

interfere with coating adhesion shall be removed in accordance

with SSPC-SP 1 or other specied methods.

4.2 Surface imperfections shall be corrected to the extent

specied in the procurement documents (project specica-

tions). Additional information on surface imperfections is in

Paragraph A2 of Appendix A.

4.3 Unique Requirements for Preparation of

Galvanized Steel

4.3.1 Before blast cleaning, galvanized surfaces shall be

checked for the presence of “wet storage stain.” Blast cleaning

shall not be used to remove wet storage stain. The “dwell time”

necessary for the blast stream to remove wet storage stain can

damage the galvanized surface. Additional information on the

removal of wet storage stain is in Paragraph A3 of Appendix

A. Additional information on blast cleaning galvanized steel is

in Appendix A9.

4.3.2 Unless written documentation exists to conrm that

a galvanized surface is known to be free of chromates or other

passivating treatments, representative areas of galvanized

surfaces that will be coated shall be tested as described in

Section 4.3.3 for the presence of chromates or other passi-

vating treatments before brush-off blast cleaning is performed.

If chromates or other passivating treatments are detected,

the surface shall be retested after blast cleaning to conrm

complete removal. OSHA requirements for worker protection

from toxic metals may apply. Additional information on heavy

metal toxicity is in Paragraph A4 of Appendix A.

(2) Although ASTM D 4417 is written for blast-cleaned steel, the

methods are suitable for use on non-ferrous metals.

4.3.3 Test for Presence of Passivating Treatments

on Galvanizing (e.g., Chromating): "Chromating" refers to

the treatment of galvanized parts to prevent the occurrence

of wet storage stain. Most sheet metal and coil stock used

to fabricate decking and curtain wall receives chromating

treatments. The presence of chromates or other passivating

treatments is detected by using a solution of copper sulfate,

with the following procedure:

Ensure that surfaces are free of any visible oxidation 1.

or oxidation by-products

Prepare the solution by dissolving 2 grams of copper 2.

sulfate crystals in 100 ml of deionized water.

Mark off three adjacent areas on the galvanized part, 3.

approximately 6.45 cm2 (1 inch2)

Leave one area untouched, solvent wash the second 4.

and third areas, and also thoroughly sand the third

area using emery paper.

Using an eyedropper or pipette, saturate a cotton 5.

swab with the copper sulfate solution and apply to

all three areas, or apply the solution directly to the

three areas.

If all three areas turn black immediately, there is no passivation

on the surface. If the rst area does not turn black within 10

seconds and the second and third areas turn black immedi-

ately, there is no passivation on the surface with the possible

exception of light oil. If the rst and second areas do not turn

black within 10 seconds and the third area turns immediately,

a passivator of some type is present.

5. Blast Cleaning Methods and Operation

5.1 Clean, dry compressed air shall be used for nozzle

blasting. Cleanliness of the compressed air shall be veried

in accordance with the procedure described in ASTM D 4285.

Moisture separators, oil separators, traps, or other equipment

may be necessary to achieve this requirement.

5.2 Any of the following methods of surface preparation

may be used to brush-off blast clean a non-ferrous metal

substrate, but the presence of toxic metals in the abrasives or

coating being removed can place restrictions on the methods

of cleaning permitted. The chosen method shall comply with

all applicable regulations.

5.2.1 Dry abrasive blasting using compressed air, blast

nozzles, and abrasive.

5.2.2 Dry abrasive blasting using a closed-cycle, recir-

culating abrasive system with compressed air, blast nozzle,

and abrasive, with or without vacuum for dust and abrasive

recovery.

5.2.3 Dry abrasive blasting using a closed-cycle, recircu-

lating abrasive system with centrifugal wheels and abrasive.

Provided by IHS under license with SSPC

Not for Resale

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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SSPC-SP 16

April 1, 2010

5.2.4 When specied, other methods of surface preparation

(such as wet abrasive blast cleaning) may be used to brush-off

blast clean non-ferrous metal surfaces. Additional information

on cleaning soft and thin substrates is in Paragraphs A5, A6,

and A7 of Appendix A. Additional information on the use of

wet abrasive blast cleaning to clean galvanized surfaces is in

Paragraph A9.3 of Appendix A.

6. Abrasives for Brush-Off Blast Cleaning of

Non-Ferrous Metal Substrates

6.1 The selection of abrasive size and type shall be based

on the type, grade, and surface condition of the surface to be

cleaned, the type of blast cleaning system used, the nished

surface to be produced (cleanliness and surface prole [rough-

ness]), and whether the abrasive will be recycled.

6.2 The cleanliness and size of recycled abrasives shall

be maintained to ensure compliance with this standard.

6.3 The blast cleaning abrasive shall be dry and free of

oil and grease, as determined by ASTM D 7393.

6.4 The abrasive shall comply with any limitations or

special requirements stipulated by the procurement documents.

Abrasive embedment and abrasives containing contaminants

may not be acceptable for some service requirements. Addi-

tional information on abrasive selection is in Paragraphs A8

and A8.1 of Appendix A.

6.5 The abrasive material shall produce a dense and

uniform prole acceptable for application of the intended

coating. After cleaning, the cleaned metal surface shall have

a minimum 19-micrometer (0.75 mil) prole, measured in

accordance with ASTM D 4417 or ASTM D 7127. If present,

intact tightly adherent coating shall be roughened as specied

in the procurement documents (project specication). If the

surface prole is not specied in the procurement documents,

the abrasive selected shall roughen the cleaned surface to

the degree required by the product data sheet for the coating

to be applied.

7. Procedures Following Brush-Off Blast

Cleaning and Immediately Prior to Coating

7.1 Visible deposits of oil, grease, or other contaminants

shall be removed as required by SSPC-SP 1, or as specied.

7.2 Dust, dirt and loose residues shall be removed from

prepared surfaces by brushing; blowing off with clean, dry air;

vacuum cleaning; or other specied methods.

7.3 Removal of chromates or other passivating treatments

detected on galvanized surfaces (see Section 4.3.2) shall be

conrmed before coating application, using the procedure in

Section 4.3.3.

7.4 Immediately prior to coating application, the entire

surface shall comply with the degree of cleaning specied in

this standard.

8. Disclaimer

8.1 While every precaution is taken to ensure that all

information furnished in SSPC standards and specications is

as accurate, complete, and useful as possible, SSPC cannot

assume responsibility nor incur any obligation resulting from

the use of any materials, coatings, or methods specied herein,

or of the specication or standard itself.

8.2 This specication does not attempt to address all

problems concerning safety and health associated with its

use. The user of this specication, as well as the user of all

products or practices described herein, is responsible for insti-

tuting appropriate health and safety practices and for ensuring

compliance with all governmental regulations.

References

1. SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1 (latest revision), White Metal

Blast Cleaning (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC, and Houston,

TX: NACE)

2. SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 (latest revision), Near-White

Metal Blast Cleaning (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC, and

Houston, TX: NACE)

3. SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3 (latest revision), Commercial

Blast Cleaning (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC, and Houston,

TX: NACE)

4. SSPC-SP 14/NACE No. 8 (latest revision), Industrial

Blast Cleaning (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC, and Houston,

TX: NACE)

5. SSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4 (latest revision), Brush-Off

Blast Cleaning (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC, and Houston,

TX: NACE)

6. SSPC-SP 1 (latest revision), Solvent Cleaning (Pitts-

burgh, PA: SSPC).

7. ASTM D 4285 (latest revision), Standard Test Method

for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air (West

Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International).

8. ASTM D 4417 (latest revision), Standard Test Methods

for Field Measurement of Surface Prole of Blast Cleaned

Steel (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International)

9. ASTM D 7127 (latest revision), Standard Test Method for

Measurement of Surface Roughness of Abrasive Blast

Cleaned Metal Surfaces Using a Portable Stylus Instru-

ment (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International)

10. ASTM D 7393 (latest revision) Method for Indicating Oil

in Abrasive

11. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 Part 1926.1126

(Chromium VI)

12. ASTM B 6 (latest revision), Standard Specication for

Zinc (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International)

13. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 Part 1926.62

(Lead)

Provided by IHS under license with SSPC

Not for Resale

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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摘要：

SSPC-SP 16-2010 是美国防护涂料协会（SSPC）发布的一项表面处理标准，专门用于通过钢丝刷或动力工具清洁钢基材，以去除松散锈蚀、旧涂层及其他污染物，从而为后续涂层提供适当的附着表面。该标准适用于在无法进行喷砂或高压水射流处理的施工环境中，要求操作人员使用电动或气动工具（如旋转钢丝刷、砂轮等）对钢材进行机械清洁，确保表面达到无可见油污、松散铁锈及剥落涂层的清洁度等级。与更严格的 SSPC-SP 6 或 SP 10 标准不同，SP 16 强调实用性与经济性，常用于维修、翻新或受限空间内

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