AISC Design Guide 15 Rehabilitation and Retrofit Guide_ A Reference for Historic Shapes and Specifications

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Steel Design Guide Series

AISC Rehabilitation and Retrofit Guide

A Reference for Historic Shapes and Specifications

Roger L. Brockenbrough, PE

R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc.

Pittsburgh, PA

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

American Institute of Steel Construction

must not be reproduced in any form without the

written permission of the publisher.

The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with

recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is

believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any spe-

cific application without competent professional examination and verification of its

accuracy, suitablility, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or

architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a rep-

resentation or warranty on the part of the American Institute of Steel Construction

or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or

particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone mak-

ing use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use.

Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes devel-

oped by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may

be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edi-

tion. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and

incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition.

Printed in the United States of America

First Printing: February 2002

Revision: October 2003

Revision: December 2009

front matter D815:front matter D815.qxd 12/29/2009 3:02 PM Page 2

Author

Roger L. Brockenbrough, P.E. is an engineering

consultant working in the areas of product design

and the development of technical information to

facilitate improved steel designs. Formerly he

was a Senior Research Consultant for U. S.

Steel, involved in research studies on bridge

girders (heat curving), pressure vessels, laminar

imperfections, bolted connections (weathering

steel), connections in HSS, and cold-formed

steel. He is the author of numerous technical

papers, is the editor of two current McGraw-Hill

books, Structural Steel Designer's Handbook and

Highway Engineering Handbook, and

contributor to a third, Standard Handbook for

Civil Engineers. He is a member of the AISC

Specifications Committee (Chair of the Materials

Subcommittee) and Chair of the AISI Committee

on Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed

Steel Structural Members.

Preface

The use of ferrous metal for structural framing

began with cast-iron columns and wrought-iron

beams. Early uses of cast iron in England in the

1770s included a small arch bridge over the river

Severn at Coalbrookdale, and interior structural

members in St. Anne’s Church in Liverpool. In

the United States, cast-iron columns were

introduced as balcony supports in the Chestnut

Street Theater in Philadelphia in 1820. An early

use of wrought iron was in the Menai Bridge in

Wales in 1826. In the United States, a wrought

iron frame was used in 1853 to construct the six-

story Cooper Union Building. Wrought iron

appears to have flourished in the U.S. between

1870 and 1900. Structural steel shapes became

available in 1880s and rapidly displaced cast iron

and wrought iron. The ten-story Home Insurance

Co. building erected in 1884 was the first to use

steel framing. In this transitional structure, steel

was used for the top four floors, wrought iron

was used for the lower floors, and cast iron

columns were used in the exterior walls. The

advantages structural steel offered in strength,

stiffness, and economy, greatly accelerated the

development of tall buildings and other

structures.

Chapter 1 provides a historical review of the

material standards published by the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for

structural steel shapes and plates, steel pipe and

hollow structural sections, rivets, and bolts,

beginning in 1900. A review is also provided of

the basic design stresses for structural steel,

rivets, bolts, and welds, based on AISC

specifications from 1923 forward.

Chapter 2 includes reference data (cross-

sectional dimensions and properties) for steel

shapes (wide-flange or I-shaped cross-sections)

that have been discontinued over the past 125

years or so. Similar data is included for wrought

iron cross-sections, which were phased out in

about 1900.

Chapter 3 outlines considerations in the

evaluation of existing structures for gravity

loads, wind loads or seismic loads. Chapter 4

describes how existing structural systems can be

enhanced for increased strength and stiffness. An

extensive list of references on rehabilitation and

retrofit is given in Chapter 5 along with a

summary of their contents.

This design guide is concluded with a set of

appendices that provide a detailed review of

AISC Specification changes beginning in 1923, a

tabulation of AISC Manuals published beginning

in 1927, a summary of changes in specifications

for high-strength bolted joints beginning in 1951

(as developed by the Research Council on

Structural Connections (RCSC) and its

forerunner), and a summary of design

specifications for structural welding from 1934

forward.

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This SEO-optimized content focuses on the AISC Design Guide 15, a comprehensive reference for the rehabilitation and retrofit of existing steel structures. It specifically addresses historic shapes and outdated specifications commonly found in older

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