ACI 301：Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings -Summary

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CI 301 is a re f e rence standard which the engineer

or architect may make applicable to any building

project by citing it in the project specifications. He sup-

plements it as needed by designating or specifying indi-

vidual project requirements.

How ACI 301 is used

As its introduction explains, ACI 301 is incorpora t e d

into project specifications by re f e re n c e . For example, the

c o n t r act re q u i rements might read: “Co n c r ete work shall

c o n f o r m to all re q u i rements of ACI 301-72 (Re v i s e d

1981), Specifications for St ru c t u ral Co n c r ete for Bu i l d-

i n g s .” If some part of ACI 301 is not appro p ri a t e, the

specifier can state any desired exc e p t i o n s.

So that the standard is not confused with an earlier

s t a n d a r d or an earlier revision, the year the standard was

adopted and the last year it was revised must be includ-

ed when re f e r encing it. ACI 301 was adopted as a stan-

d a r d by the American Co n c rete Institute in May 1972

and most recently revised in May 1981.

Supplementary requirements briefly added

ACI 301 is not complete in itself, though. The re q u i r e-

ments that va r y from project to project must be speci-

fied. A list of such re q u i rements is presented at the be-

ginning of ACI 301. Two of these re q u i rements must be

specified for all pro j e c t s :

• the strength of the concrete for each portion of the

s t ru c t u re

• the types and grades of re i n f o rcing steel

Other supplemental re q u i rements are designated on-

ly when they apply. Some examples are: the test age of

c o n c r ete if other than 28 days; the admixtures that are

re q u i red or prohibited; the types and strengths of pre-

s t ressing steel; and when re s h o ring is re q u i red or per-

m i t t e d .

It takes the specifier only about three pages to state

the mandatory supplementary re q u i re m e n t s — c o n c re t e

s t r ength and type of re i n f o r cement—plus those supple-

m e n t a r y re q u i r ements that pertain to the specific pro-

ject. The list of supplementary items at the beginning of

ACI 301 serves as a checklist; each item is keyed to sec-

tion numbers in the text.

Notes help contractor

At the end of each chapter are notes pointing out any

items which re q u i r e approval of the arc h i t e c t - e n g i n e e r

or other specifying authori t y. Items such as constru c t i o n

joints not shown on the dra w i n g s , pro p ri e t a r y patching

a g e n t s , or heavy-duty toppings are among those called

out. It is virtually impossible to overlook these sensitive

p o i n t s . They can be found by quick inspection at the end

of the chapters instead of having to scan the entire doc-

u m e n t .

What ACI 301 covers

This 36-page re f e rence standard is divided into 18

chapters (see box). Each chapter is further divided into

sections and subsections. Decimal numbering makes for

easy re f e r ence and shows the relationship of topics.

Why reference ACI 301?

The re q u i r ements of ACI 301 are standard specifica-

t i o n s , developed through a consensus process and ap-

p r oved by a group of industry pro f e s s i o n a l s. If followe d

c o r re c t l y, these specifications will produce quality con-

s t ruction. With repeated use, they become familiar, not

f r ightening. The contractor comes to know what the

ACI 301–Specifications for

Structural Concrete for Buildings

A reference standard good for both specifier and contractor

OTHER ACI REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

ACI 301 is a specification for stru c t u r al concrete in

b u i l d i n g s. It focuses on basic cast-in-place work and does

not deal with specialty concre t e s. Some other re f e re n c e

specifications available from ACI include the follow i n g :

5 0 3 . 1 - 7 9 Bonding Ha r dened Co n c re t e, Steel, Wood,

Brick, and Other Ma t e r ials to Ha rdened Co n

c r ete with a Multi-component Ep o xy

Ad h e s i v e

503.2-79 Bonding Plastic Co n c r ete to Ha rdened Co n

c r ete with a Multi-component Ep oxy

Ad h e s i v e

5 0 3 . 3 - 7 9 Producing a Sk i d - r esistant Su r face on Co n c re t e

by the Use of a Multi-component Ep ox y

Sy s t e m

503.4-79 Re p a i r ing Co n c r ete with Ep o xy Mo rt a r s

3 3 6 . 1 - 7 9 End Be a r ing Drilled Piers

3 4 6 - 8 1 Cast-in-place No n re i n f o rced Co n c rete Pipe

5 0 6 . 2 - 7 7 Ma t e ri a l s , Pro p o r tioning, and Application of

Sh o t c re t e

531.1-76 Co n c r ete Ma s o n r y Co n s t ru c t i o n

For more information, contact the American Co n c re t e

In s t i t u t e, Box 19150, De t roit, Michigan 48219.

s t a n d a r d says. He does not have to wade through the

e n t i r e concrete specification to avoid surpri s e s .

Re f e r encing ACI 301 saves the specifier time in wri t -

ing the project specifications. The contractor can be-

come familiar with the standard in advance and also

s a v e time. As long as ACI 301 is not re w ritten or re t y p e d ,

the contractor can assume he knows the perf o rm a n c e

l e v el re q u i r ed and read only the supplemental re q u i re-

ments and those parts he needs to re v i e w. On the other

hand, if the complete standard we r e entered into a word

p r ocessor and neatly printed out in the contract docu-

m e n t s , the bidder would still have to re r ead the materi-

al closely to be certain no changes we r e made—by acci-

dent or intention. ACI 301 thus saves time for both the

specifier and the contra c t o r, particularly when incor-

p o r ated by re f e re n c e .

Co p ying the standard is not necessary anyway. Se c -

tion 1.6 of ACI 301 re q u i r es the contractor to keep at

least one copy of the ACI Field Re f e rence Manual, SP-15

( 8 1 ) , in his field office at all times. The field manual con-

tains ACI 301 and other selected ACI and ASTM re f e r -

e n c e s . Published by the American Co n c rete In s t i t u t e ,

SUBJECTS COVERED IN AACI 301 CHAPTERS

1–GENERAL: Defines certain words used in

ACI 301 and lists ASTM and other standards cit-

ed in ACI 301.

2 – M ATERIALS FOR CONCRETE: Re f e re n c e s

ASTM standards for materials and tells how ma-

t e rials should be store d .

3 – P RO P O RTIONING: Three methods based

on (1) trial mixes, (2) past field test data, and (3)a

c h a r t indicating maximum water-cement ra t i o,

and slump are specified. Chart classifies con-

c r ete floors by use and gives minimum stre n g t h

and maximum slump for each.

4 – F O R M W ORK: Design and installation of

f o rm w o rk: pre p a r ation of form surfaces; re-

m o val of forms; and re s h o r ing. Chart lists toler-

ances for va rious formed surf a c e s .

5 – R E I N F O RC E M E N T: Co n c rete cover over re-

i n f o r cement; overlap of wire fabric re i n f o rc e -

ment; supporting and fastening re i n f o rc e m e n t ;

and tolerances in fabrication rebar placement.

ASTM specifications are re f e re n c e d .

6 – J O I N T S AND EMBEDDED ITEMS: Location

and construction of joints; methods for bonding

joints; types of expansion joint filler. Re q u i re-

ments for waterstops and placing embedded

i t e m s .

7 – P R ODUCTION OF CO N C R E T E : Re q u i r e-

ments for batching and mixing, for pro d u c i n g

l i g h t w eight concre t e, and for adding admixture s

and mix water. Cites ASTM standards for re a d y

mixed concrete and for concrete produced by

on-site vo l u m e t r ic batching and continuous

m i x i n g .

8 – P LACING: Method of vibration, limits on

placing tempera t u re and pre p a r ation of joints

for bonding. Gi ves re q u i r ements for truck mix-

e r s , belt conve yo r s, chutes, and pumping equip-

m e n t .

9 – R E PAIR OF SURFACE DEFECTS: How to

p re p a r e the surface and mix grout and patching

c o m p o u n d .

10–FINISHING OF FORMED SURFAC E S :

Methods for as-cast finishes and rubbed finish-

es such as grout cleaned or cork floated.

1 1 – S L ABS: Co n s t r uction of two-course slabs

and how to do the following finishes: scra t c h e d ,

floated, troweled, broom or belt, dry shake, ex-

posed aggre g a t e, and non-slip.

12–CURING AND PROTECTION: How and

h o w long to cure. Pro t e c t i v e measures against

wind and hot or cold tempera t u re s .

13– ARCHITECTURAL CO N C R E T E : L o c a t i o n

of joints and form ties; form deflections allowe d ;

and the re q u i rements for pro p o rtioning mixes,

patching surf a c e s , and forming arc h i t e c t u ra l

f i n i s h e s .

14–MASSIVE CO N C R E T E : Ma t e r ial, pro p o r -

tioning, placing, curing and protection re q u i r e-

m e n t s .

15–PRESTRESSED CONCRETE: Definition of

p re s t ressing terms; re q u i r ements for tendons,

a n c h o ra g e s, couplings, sheathing, and gro u t .

Methods for placing and protecting tendons,

applying pre s t r essing forc e , and gro u t i n g .

16–TESTING: Which tests must be made and

h o w often to make them. Who makes tests, and

who pays for them.

1 7 – E VA LUATION AND ACC E P TANCE OF

CONCRETE: Va riation allowed in concrete test

s t r engths; use of in-place testing, especially core

t e s t s .

1 8 – ACC E P TANCE OF STRUCTURE: Di m e n -

sional tolerance and appearance necessary.

Conditions which might impair the strength of a

s t ru c t u re.

the manual costs $21.50 to ACI members and $28.50 to

n o n m e m b e r s . ACI also makes copies of ACI 301 suitable

for binding into project specifications.

How ACI 301 relates to the ACI 318 Building

Code

Un f o r tunately some specifiers incorporate ACI 318

by re f e re n c e , instead of using ACI 301. This is not good

p ra c t i c e. ACI 318, “Building Code Re q u i rements for Re-

i n f o r ced Co n c re t e,” is written so it may be adopted by

re f e r ence in a general building code. It is intended as

public law, not a specification.

Though compatible and consistent with ACI 318, AC I

301 is different. While ACI 318 presents minimum re-

q u i rements for public safety, ACI 301 presents above -

minimum construction re q u i re m e n t s. Fo l l owing AC I

318 guarantees safe design, not good constru c t i o n .

Specifiers should there f o r e re f e rence 301, not 318. Re f e r -

encing 318 may tend to make the contractor re s p o n s i b l e

for design questions which should be handled by the

a rc h i t e c t - e n g i n e e r.

PUBLICATION #C830451

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摘要：

ACI 301是混凝土建筑领域核心的规范标准，全称为《建筑物结构混凝土施工规范》，其摘要版本为工程师、承包商和质检人员提供了关键的技术指引。本摘要涵盖了从材料选择、配合比设计、浇筑、养护到检测验收的全流程要求，包括对钢筋间距、模板误差、强度测试频率及裂缝控制等关键条款的提炼。该文档帮助专业人员快速掌握符合ACI 301-20（或对应版本）的结构混凝土施工质量基准，确保建筑物在承载力、耐久性与安全性方面符合国际公认的工程实践。无论是用于项目投标、现场施工管理还是规范培训，这份摘要都能显著提升对规范

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