AATCC TM172-2010e(2016)e2 Test Method for Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering 家用洗涤中对粉状无氯漂白剂的色牢度试验方法

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AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2023 AATCC TM172-2010e(2016)e2 337

Developed in 1988 by AATCC Commit-

tee RA60; reaffirmed 1989, 1995, 2002;

revised 1990, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007

(with title change), 2010; editorially re-

vised 1994, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2012,

2019; reaffirmed and editorially revised

2016.

1. Purpose and Scope

1.1 This test method is designed to

evaluate the colorfastness to powdered

non-chlorine bleach in home laundering

of textiles which are expected to with-

stand frequent laundering. The fabric

color changes resulting from the pow-

dered non-chlorine bleach, detergent so-

lution and abrasive action of five home

launderings are evaluated.

1.2 First establish the level of perfor-

mance with powdered non-chlorine

bleach and if an effect is found, then

retest with detergent alone. It may be

necessary to use a water only wash to

separate the effects of components like

hardness, pH or chlorine content.

1.3 Since the powdered non-chlorine

bleaches currently available contain in-

gredients other than the powdered non-

chlorine bleach; such as fluorescent whit-

ening agents, bluing, etc., it is the total

effect of these chemicals on the color

change that is being evaluated.

2. Principle

2.1 Specimens are laundered under ap-

propriate conditions of temperature, de-

tergent solution, powdered non-chlorine

bleach solution and abrasive action for

five home laundering cycles. The laun-

dered specimens are evaluated for color

change.

3. Terminology

3.1 bleach, n.—in home laundering, a

product that will clean, whiten, brighten

and aid in the removal of soils and stains

from textile materials by oxidation that is

inclusive of chlorine and non-chlorine

products.

3.2 colorfastness, n.—the resistance of

a material to change in any of its color

characteristics, to transfer of its color-

ant(s) to adjacent materials or both, as a

result of the exposure of the material to

any environment that might be encoun-

tered during the processing, testing, stor-

age or use of the materials.

3.3 laundering, n.—of textile materi-

als, a process intended to remove soil

and/or stains by treatment (washing) with

an aqueous detergent solution and nor-

mally including subsequent rinsing, ex-

tracting and drying.

3.4 non-chlorine bleach, n.—a prod-

uct that does not release the hypochlorite

ion in solution; i.e., sodium perborate, so-

dium percarbonate.

3.4.1 liquid non-chlorine bleach, n.—

a product that contains hydrogen perox-

ide as its active ingredient.

3.4.2 powdered non-chlorine bleach,

n.—a product that contains either sodium

perborate or sodium percarbonate as its

active ingredient.

4. Safety Precautions

NOTE: These safety precautions are

for information purposes only. The pre-

cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-

dures and are not intended to be all inclu-

sive. It is the user’s responsibility to use

safe and proper techniques in handling

materials in this test method. Manufac-

turers MUST be consulted for specific

details such as material safety data sheets

and other manufacturer’s recommenda-

tions. All OSHA standards and rules

must also be consulted and followed.

4.1 Good laboratory practices should

be followed. Wear safety glasses in all

laboratory areas.

4.2 The 1993 AATCC Standard Refer-

ence Detergent WOB and the 2003

AATCC Standard Reference Liquid De-

tergent WOB may cause irritation. Care

should be taken to prevent exposure to

skin and eyes.

4.3 Manufacturer’s safety recommen-

dations should be followed when operat-

ing laboratory testing equipment.

4.4 All chemicals should be handled

with care.

4.5 The procedure for determining the

percent active oxygen content outlined in

13.7 should be handled only in an ade-

quately ventilated laboratory hood. In

preparing, dispensing and handling the

reagents, use chemical goggles or face

shield, impervious gloves and an imper-

vious apron.

4.6 An eyewash/safety shower should

be located nearby and an organic vapor

respirator should be available for emer-

gency use.

4.7 Exposure to chemicals used in this

procedure must be controlled at or below

levels set by governmental authorities

(e.g., Occupational Safety and Health

Administration’s [OSHA] permissible ex-

posure limits [PEL] as found in 29 CFR

1910.1000; see web site: www.osha.gov

for latest version). In addition, the Ameri-

can Conference of Governmental Indus-

trial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold

Limit Values (TLVs) comprised of time

weighted averages (TLV-TWA), short

term exposure limits (TLV-STEL) and

ceiling limits (TLV-C) are recommended

as a general guide for air contaminant ex-

posure which should be met (see 13.1).

5. Uses and Limitations

5.1 Non-chlorine bleaches are avail-

able in two different forms—powdered or

liquid. This method only evaluates the

colorfastness of textiles to powdered non-

chlorine bleach in home laundering. Due

to differences in active ingredients, the

results obtained by this method may not

be representative of results obtained by

the use of liquid non-chlorine bleach on

textiles during laundering.

6. Apparatus and Materials (see 13.2)

6.1 Automatic washing machine (see

13.3).

6.2 Automatic tumble dryer (see 13.4).

6.3 Conditioning/drying racks with

pull-out screens or perforated shelves

(see 13.5).

6.4 Ballast of 92 × 92 ± 3 cm (36 × 36 ±

1 in.) hemmed pieces of bleached cotton

sheeting (Wash load ballast type 1) or 50/

50 polyester/cotton bleached of plain

weave construction (Wash load ballast

type 3).

6.5 1993 AATCC Standard Reference

Detergent WOB or 2003 AATCC Stan-

dard Reference Liquid Detergent WOB

(see 13.6).

6.6 Facilities for drip and line drying.

6.7 Balance with at least 5 kg (20 lbs)

capacity.

6.8 Powdered non-chlorine bleach (see

13.7 and 13.8).

7. Test Specimens

7.1 The weight of the test specimen

can influence the results of this test. Only

one test specimen is to be laundered in a

load. For ease in weighing fabrics, the

test specimen weight is to be 110.0 ± 10.0

g (0.25 ± 0.02 lb). For garment testing,

one garment is to be tested. If the gar-

AATCC TM172-2010e(2016)e2

Test Method for Colorfastness to Powdered

Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

Licensee=Underwriters Laboratories - Ho Chi Ming City, Vie/5909636157, User=Le,

Not for Resale, 11/23/2023 20:10:19 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris

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338 AATCC TM172-2010e(2016)e2 AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2023

ment weight exceeds the specified load

weight of 1.8 kg or 4 lb, the total weight

is to be included in the report. See 8.2.2

for exact weight specifications on load.

8. Procedure

8.1 Table I summarizes washing and

drying conditions. Information on the

machine and laundering conditions may

be found in the AATCC LP1 (see 13.10).

8.2 Washing.

8.2.1 Fill the washer with the specified

water volume at the selected water tem-

perature using the normal cycle setting.

Measure and record the water hardness in

any test.

8.2.2 Add 66 ± 1 g of 1993 AATCC

Standard Reference Detergent WOB or

100 ± 1 g of 2003 AATCC Standard Ref-

erence Liquid Detergent WOB. Add the

amount of the powdered non-chlorine

bleach recommended by the manufac-

turer. Add test specimen and enough bal-

last to make a 1.8 ± 0.1 kg (4.00 ± 0.25

lb) load. Set the washer on the cycle se-

lected for washing and set the wash timer

(see Table I and 8.1). Start the agitation

and independently time the wash for re-

producible results. Advance the dial to

the end of the wash cycle and rinse at a

temperature below 29°C (85°F). If this

rinse temperature is not attainable, record

the actual temperature of the rinse water

used.

8.2.3 For specimens to be dried by pro-

cedures A, B or D, allow washing to pro-

ceed automatically through the final spin

cycle. Remove test specimens immedi-

ately after the final spin cycle, separate

any tangled pieces—taking care to mini-

mize distortion—and dry by procedures

A, B or D (see Table I and 8.1).

8.2.4 For specimens to be dried by pro-

cedure C, Drip Dry, stop the washer at the

end of the final rinse cycle just before the

water begins to drain. Remove the speci-

mens soaking wet.

8.3 Drying.

8.3.1 (A) Tumble Dry. Place the

washed load (test specimens and ballast)

in the tumble dryer, set on the cycle

which generates the correct exhaust tem-

peratures as specified in AATCC LP1

(see 8.1). For fibers that are heat sensi-

tive, lower temperatures consistent with

producer’s recommendations are required

and must be reported. Operate the dryer

until the total load is dry. Remove the

load immediately after machine stops.

8.3.2 (B) Line Dry. Hang each speci-

men by two corners with the fabric length

in the vertical direction. Allow the test

specimens to hang in still air at room

temperature until dry.

8.3.3 (C) Drip Dry. Hang each dripping

wet specimen by two corners, with the

fabric length in the vertical direction. Al-

low specimens to hang in still air at room

temperature until dry.

8.3.4 (D) Screen Dry. Spread each

specimen on a horizontal screen or perfo-

rated surface, removing wrinkles but not

distorting or stretching, and allow to dry

in still air at room temperature.

8.4 Repeat 8.2 and 8.3 for a total of

five launderings.

8.5 After drying, condition the speci-

mens for at least 4 h by laying each

specimen separately on the screen or per-

forated shelf of a conditioning rack in an

atmosphere of 21 ± 2°C (70 ± 4°F) and 65

± 5% RH before evaluating color change.

9. Evaluation

9.1 Evaluate the change in color in the

test specimen by comparison with the

Gray Scale for Color Change (AATCC

EP1), or using AATCC EP7, Instrumen-

tal Assessment of the Change in Color of

a Test Specimen, and record the numeri-

cal rating that corresponds to the appro-

priate one on the Gray Scale.

10. Interpretation of Results

10.1 This test is a satisfactory end use

test for demonstrating the effect of the

1993 AATCC Standard Reference Deter-

gent WOB or the 2003 AATCC Standard

Reference Liquid Detergent WOB and

powdered non-chlorine bleach on textile

materials in home laundering.

10.2 If a significant color change is ob-

served, an untreated duplicate sample

could be retested using either this method

with detergent only, or the 2A Test in

AATCC TM61, Test Method for Color-

fastness to Laundering: Accelerated,

without the addition of powdered non-

chlorine bleach. This will determine

whether the color change is due to dye in-

stability or a bleach effect.

11. Report

11.1 Report the numerical average

color change grade for each specimen

tested.

11.2 Report washing procedure (Ara-

bic and Roman Numerals) and drying

procedure (capital letter from Table I;

[i.e., (1) IIIA (iii)] means NORMAL cy-

cle, wash water temperature of 41 ± 3°C

(105 ± 5°F), tumble dry (permanent

press).

11.3 Report the type and amount of de-

tergent used.

11.4 Record the brand and quantity of

the powdered non-chlorine bleach used.

11.5 Report the percent available oxygen.

11.6 Record the weight of fabric speci-

men or garment tested.

12. Precision and Bias (see 13.9)

12.1 Interlaboratory Test Data. An in-

terlaboratory study was carried out in

1986 to establish the precision of this test

method for determining the effect of

powdered non-chlorine bleach in home

laundering on the colorfastness of textile

materials.

Four materials were tested separately

for five cycles of home laundering in du-

plicate at each of the five laboratories us-

ing one brand of powdered non-chlorine

bleach. After completing the laundering,

three raters independently assessed the

color change on each specimen of each

fabric using the Gray Scale for Color

Change. The washing and drying condi-

tions were (1)IVa (see Table I for inter-

pretation of code). Each of the 24 × 24 in.

specimens that were washed separately

ranged in weight from 72-97 g (0.16-0.21

lb). The fabrics were 100% cotton and

polyester/cotton. Dyes were direct, pig-

ment and disperse. The color change

average grades for the three raters at the

five laboratories were 3.33-3.93.

12.2 Precision. The components of

variance as standard deviations of color-

fastness grades were calculated to be as

follows:

Single-operator component 0.22

Within-laboratory component 0.21

Between-laboratory component 0.00

For the components of variance re-

ported above, the average of two color

change grades should be considered sig-

nificantly different at the 95% probability

level if their difference equals or exceeds

the critical differences listed in Table II.

12.3 Bias. The true value of colorfast-

ness to non-chlorine bleach in home laun-

dering can only be defined in terms of a

test method. Within this limitation, this

method has no known bias.

Table I—Washing and Drying Conditions (see 13.10)

Machine Cycle Washing Temperatures Drying Procedures

(1) Normal/Cotton Sturdy (II) 27 ± 3°C (80 ± 5°F) (A) Tumble:

(2) Delicate (III) 41 ± 3°C (105 ± 5°F) i. iiCotton Sturdy

(3) Permanent Press (IV) 49 ± 3°C (120 ± 5°F) ii. iDelicate

(V) 60 ± 3°C (140 ± 5°F) iii. Permanent Press

(B) Line

(D) Screen

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

Licensee=Underwriters Laboratories - Ho Chi Ming City, Vie/5909636157, User=Le,

Not for Resale, 11/23/2023 20:10:19 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris

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AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2023 AATCC TM172-2010e(2016)e2 339

13. Notes

13.1 Available from Publications Office,

ACGIH, Kemper Woods Center, 1330 Kemper

Meadow Dr., Cincinnati OH 45240; tel: +1.

513.742.2020; web site: www.acgih.org.

13.2 For potential equipment information

pertaining to this test method, please visit

the online AATCC Buyer’s Guide at www.

aatcc.org/bg. AATCC provides the possibility

of listing equipment and materials sold by its

Corporate members, but AATCC does not

qualify, or in any way approve, endorse or cer-

tify that any of the listed equipment or

materials meets the requirements in its test

methods.

13.3 Contact AATCC, P.O. Box 12215,

Research Triangle Park NC 27709; tel: +1.

919.549.8141; fax: +1.919.549.8933; e-mail:

ordering@aatcc.org; web site: www.aatcc.org,

for model number(s) and source(s) of current

recommended washer(s). Any other washer

which is known to give comparable results can

be used. Washing machine conditions given in

AATCC LP1 represent the actual speeds and

times available on current specified model(s).

Other washers may vary in one or more of

these settings.

13.4 Contact AATCC, P.O. Box 12215,

Research Triangle Park NC 27709; tel: +1.

919.549.8141; fax: +1.919.549.8933; e-mail:

ordering@aatcc.org; web site: www.aatcc.org,

for model number(s) and source(s) of current

recommended dryer(s). Any other dryer which

is known to give comparable results can be

used. Dryer machine conditions given in

AATCC LP1 represent the actual speeds and

times available on current specified model(s).

Other dryers may vary in one or more of these

settings.

13.5 Screen or perforated conditioning/dry-

ing racks available from Somers Sheet Metal

Inc., 5590 N. Church St., Greensboro NC

27405; tel: +1.336.643.3477; fax: +1.336.643.

7443. Rack drawings are available from

AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle

Park NC 27709; tel: +1.919.549.8141; fax:

+1.919.549.8933; e-mail: ordering@aatcc.

org; web site: www.aatcc.org.

13.6 All detergents are available from

AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle

Park NC 27709; tel: +1.919.549.8141; fax: +1.

919.549.8933; e-mail: ordering@aatcc.org;

web site: www.aatcc.org. AATCC Standard

Reference Detergent WOB has been changed

to a 0% phosphate compact formula named

1993 AATCC Standard Reference Detergent

WOB. Critical evaluations made using

AATCC Standard Reference Detergent WOB

and used for standard comparisons should be

repeated using the 1993 AATCC Standard

Reference Detergent WOB.

13.7 Powdered non-chlorine bleaches are

available under a large number of trade names

in supermarkets. Different brands will contain

different ingredients and the same ingredients

in differing quantities. Follow manufacturer’s

instruction for recommended usage. In con-

ducting experiments with these materials,

since they are blends of materials of different

granule sizes and densities, it is strongly rec-

ommended that sufficient product to conduct a

group of experiments in the same time frame

be thoroughly mixed in a composite before

and during use. Keep in air tight containers.

The product used to develop this method was

Clorox 2.

13.8 To determine the percent available ox-

ygen in powdered non-chlorine bleaches or

synthetic detergent products, grind the gran-

ules in a Waring blender prior to weighing.

Using an analytical balance which is accurate

to 0.002 g, weigh 3.000 ± 0.001 g of sample

into a 250-300 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Place the

sample on a magnetic stirrer protecting it from

the light with a cardboard box. Put a hole in

the box top that allows a funnel to be used to

add chemicals and support it with a ring and

stand. Use a Teflon coated stir bar. Add 100

mL of 1.5N sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 15.0 mL of

15.0% potassium iodide (150 g KI/L) and 10.0

mL of methylene chloride (CH2Cl2). Stir, in

the dark provided by the cardboard box, for at

least 15 min but do not exceed 30 min. Pro-

vide indirect light as you titrate slowly but

steadily with 0.1N sodium thiosulfate

(Na2S2O3) with constant stirring, to a pale yel-

low. Add about 2.0 mL of starch indicator

(5.0% solution) and continue the titration a

drop at a time until the disappearance of the

blue starch-iodine color.

Calculation:

Percent Available Oxygen =

(where N = Normality of Na2S2O3 solution)

Variation of ± 3% on the percent of available

oxygen is acceptable within product test.

13.9 The precision of this test method is de-

pendent on the combined variability of the

material being tested, the test method itself,

and the evaluation procedure utilized.

13.9.1 The precision statement shown in

Section 12 was developed from results ob-

tained by visual evaluations (EP1).

13.9.2 It is expected that the use of instru-

mental evaluations (EP7) will result in greater

precision than that obtained from visual evalu-

ations.

13.10 Laundering temperatures and other

parameters listed in M6 may not be the same

as those listed in various test methods. Param-

eters in M6 are updated periodically to reflect

consumer experience, taking into account cur-

rent technology and regulations regarding

home water heater temperatures, particularly

in the United States.

Typically, test method committees pursue a

deliberate effort to maintain the same test

method conditions over a long period of time

in order to produce comparable results over

time. Additionally, significant changes may

invalidate precision data developed using the

original conditions.

Temperatures listed in AATCC test meth-

ods were established at the time the methods

were developed or revised, and closely mirror

the temperature ranges specified in 16 CFR

Part 423 for care labels. It should also be

noted that AATCC test methods were devel-

oped using traditional top loading washing

machines. Specified water level, detergent,

and other details are not applicable to high ef-

ficiency top loading or front loading ma-

chines. New, commercially available home

laundering machines may have to be modified

by the user to meet the specifications in vari-

ous test methods. All test reports should indi-

cate the exact testing conditions, and any

modification of the standard method, includ-

ing use of M6 parameters. Results of tests per-

formed with different conditions may not be

comparable.

mL Na2S2O3N0.008 100×××

Sample Size

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table II—Critical Differences, Rating Units for Conditions Noteda

Number of Observations

in each Average

Single-Operator

Precision

Within-Laboratory

Precision

Between-Laboratory

Precision

1 0.61 0.85 0.85

3 0.35 0.69 0.69

5 0.27 0.65 0.65

aThe critical differences were calculated using t = 1.950, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

Licensee=Underwriters Laboratories - Ho Chi Ming City, Vie/5909636157, User=Le,

Not for Resale, 11/23/2023 20:10:19 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris

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标签： #试验方法 #色牢度试验 #家用洗涤

摘要：

AATCC TM172-2010e(2016)e2 是一项权威的试验方法标准，专门用于评估纺织品在家庭洗涤过程中接触粉状无氯漂白剂时的色牢度表现。该标准由美国纺织化学师与染色师协会（AATCC）发布，最新版本整合了2010年原版及2016年的修正内容，旨在模拟日常洗衣条件下漂白剂对织物颜色稳定性的影响。通过规定具体的测试流程、漂白剂浓度、洗涤温度及评估标准，该方法帮助制造商、检测机构及品牌方准确判断纺织品在无氯漂白环境下的褪色或变色风险。对于从事纺织品质量管控、出口贸易或消费者安全合规的专业人士

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