ASTM A872 - A 872M - 21

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Designation: A872/A872M −21

Standard Speciﬁcation for

Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for

Corrosive Environments

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A872/A872M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year

of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.

A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope*

1.1 This speciﬁcation covers centrifugally cast ferritic/

austenitic steel pipe intended for general corrosive service.

These steels are susceptible to embrittlement if used for

prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.

1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided

when additional testing may be required.

1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units

are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, SI

units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system

are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used

independently of each other. Combining values from the two

systems may result in nonconformance with the speciﬁcation.

1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualiﬁ-

cations of Procedures and Personnel

A781/A781M Speciﬁcation for Castings, Steel and Alloy,

Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use

A999/A999M Speciﬁcation for General Requirements for

Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe

E29 Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to

Determine Conformance with Speciﬁcations

E94/E94M Guide for Radiographic Examination Using In-

dustrial Radiographic Film

E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-

eral Industry

E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4

⁄

in.

(50.8 to 114 mm)) Steel Castings

E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4

⁄

to 12

in. (114 to 305 mm)) Steel Castings

E340 Practice for Macroetching Metals and Alloys

E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.

(50.8 mm) in Thickness

2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:

Section IX Welding Qualiﬁcations

2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:

Adjunct E186 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in

Ringbinders, Three Volumes

Adjunct E280 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in

Ringbinders, Two Volumes

Adjunct E446 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in

Ringbinders, Three Volumes

3. Ordering Information

3.1 Orders for material to this speciﬁcation shall include the

following, as required, to describe the desired material ad-

equately.

3.1.1 Quantity (feet [metres] or number of lengths),

3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast ferritic/austenitic

steel pipe),

3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),

3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall

thickness in inches [millimetres]),

3.1.5 Length (speciﬁc or random, Speciﬁcation A999/

A999M),

3.1.6 End ﬁnish of Speciﬁcation A999/A999M,

3.1.7 Optional Requirements (S1 through S6),

3.1.8 Test report required (Section 12), and

This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,

Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

A01.18 on Castings.

Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally

approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A872/A872M – 14.

DOI: 10.1520/A0872_A0872M-21.

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM

Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on

the ASTM website.

Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME

International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://

www.asme.org.

Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request RRE018601 for Vol

I, RRE018602 for Vol II, and RRE018603 for Vol III.

Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request for RRE028001 Vo l

I and RRE028002 for Vol II.

Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request for RRE044601 Vo l

I, RRE044602 for Vol II, and RRE044603 for Vol III.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

3.1.9 Special requirements or additions to the speciﬁcation.

4. General Requirements

4.1 Material furnished under this speciﬁcation shall con-

form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of

Speciﬁcation A999/A999M, unless otherwise provided herein.

5. Materials and Manufacture

5.1 Manufacture:

5.1.1 The pipe shall be made by the centrifugal casting

process.

5.1.2 All pipes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condi-

tion as shown in Table 2.

5.1.3 Machining—The pipe shall be machined on the inner

surface and may be supplied either machined or unmachined in

the outer surface. All machining shall be to a roughness value

agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made

by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements

speciﬁed in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a test

sample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The

chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the

requirements speciﬁed in Table 1.

6.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by

the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as to

be thoroughly representative of the pipe being analyzed. The

chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the

requirements speciﬁed in Table 1.

6.3 To determine conformance with the chemical analysis

requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be

rounded in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest unit in

the last right-hand place of values listed in Table 1.

7. Tensile Requirements

7.1 Testing—Steel used for the castings shall conform to the

tensile and hardness requirements speciﬁed in Table 3.

7.2 Test Specimens:

7.2.1 Test bars shall be taken from heat-treated castings.

7.2.2 Tension test specimens shall be the standard round

2-in. [50-mm] gage length specimen.

7.3 Number of Tests:

7.3.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat.

7.3.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or ﬂaws are

revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be

discarded and another substituted from the same heat.

7.4 Retests—If the results of the mechanical test for any heat

do not conform to the requirements speciﬁed, the casting may

be reheat treated and retested, but it may not be solution treated

more than twice.

8. Quality

8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually

and shall be free of cracks and hot tears. Other surface defects

shall be judged in accordance with visual acceptance criteria

that may be speciﬁed in the order.

9. Rework and Retreatment

9.1 Defects as deﬁned in Section 8shall be removed and

their removal veriﬁed by visual inspection of the resultant

cavities. Defects that are located by inspection using Supple-

mentary Requirement S4, S5, or S6 shall be removed or

reduced to an acceptable size.

9.2 If removal of the defect does not impinge upon the

minimum wall thickness, the depression shall be blended

uniformly into the surrounding surface.

9.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal impinges

upon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permitted

TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements

Element, %

Grade

UNS J93183 UNS J93550 UNS J94300

CD4MCuMN

Carbon 0.030 0.030 0.04

Manganese 2.0 2.0 0.50–1.50

Phosphorus 0.040 0.040 0.04

Sulfur 0.030 0.030 0.04

Silicon 2.0 2.0 1.10

Chromium 20.0–23.0 23.0–26.0 24.5–26.5

Nickel 4.00–6.00 5.00–8.00 4.5–6.0

Molybdenum 2.00–4.00 2.00–4.00 2.5–4.0

Nitrogen 0.08–0.25 0.08–0.25 0.18–0.26

Copper 1.00 1.00 1.3–3.0

Cobalt 0.50–1.50 0.50–1.50 . . .

Values are maximums unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses ({) appear in this table there is no requirement, and the element need not be analyzed

or reported.

TABLE 2 Heat Treatment Requirements

Grade

Condition

Temperature,

°F [°C] Quenching

UNS J93183 1920–2100

[1050–1150]

Water quench or rapid

cooling by other means

UNS J93550 1920–2100

[1050–1150]

Water quench or rapid

cooling by other means

UNS J94300

CD4MCuMN

1900 minimum Water quench or rapid

cooling by other means

A872/A872M − 21

subject to the purchaser’s approval. The composition of the

weld rod used shall be suitable for the composition of the metal

being welded.

9.3.1 Practice A488/A488M or ASME Boiler and Pressure

Vessel Code, Section IX shall be used as a guide for welder and

procedure qualiﬁcation and shall be by agreement between the

purchaser and the manufacturer. All repair welds shall be

inspected to the same quality standard used to inspect the

casting.

10. Permissible Variations in Dimensions

10.1 Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary over that

speciﬁed by more than

⁄

in. [3 mm]. There shall be no

variation under the speciﬁed wall thickness.

11. Rejection

11.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturer

may be inspected by the purchaser and if it does not meet the

requirements of the speciﬁcation based on the inspection and

test method as outlined in the speciﬁcation, the pipe may be

rejected and the manufacturer shall be notiﬁed. Disposition of

rejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between the

manufacturer and the purchaser.

12. Certiﬁcation

12.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,

a manufacturer’s certiﬁcation that the material was manufac-

tured sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this

speciﬁcation, together with a report of the test results, shall be

furnished at the time of shipment.

13. Product Marking

13.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked with the

manufacturer’s name or brand, the speciﬁcation number, and

the grade. In addition, heat numbers or special numbers that are

traceable to heat numbers shall be marked on each length of

pipe.

14. Keywords

14.1 casting; centrifugal casting; corrosive service; ferritic/

austenitic stainless steel; pipe

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

Supplementary requirements shall be applied only when speciﬁed by the purchaser. Details of the

supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The

speciﬁed tests shall be performed by the manufacturer prior to shipment of the castings.

S1. Additional Tension Tests

S1.1 Additional tension tests shall be made at a temperature

to be speciﬁed by the customer, and the properties to be met are

a matter of agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.

S2. Flattening Test

S2.1 The ﬂattening test shall be made on specimens from

one or both ends of each length of pipe. If the specimen from

any end of any length fails to conform to the requirements of

Speciﬁcation A999/A999M, that length shall be rejected.

S3. Etching Test

S3.1 The steel shall be homogeneous as shown by etching

tests conducted in accordance with the appropriate portions of

Method E of Test Method E340. Etching tests shall be made on

a cross section from one end or both ends of each pipe and shall

show sound and reasonably uniform material, free of injurious

laminations, cracks, and similar objectionable defects. If this

supplementary requirement is speciﬁed, the number of required

tests per pipe shall also be speciﬁed. If a specimen from any

length shows objectionable defects, the length shall be rejected,

subject to removal of the defective end and subsequent retests

indicating the remainder of the length to be sound and

reasonably uniform material.

S4. Radiographic Examination

S4.1 The castings shall be examined for internal defects by

means of X-rays or gamma rays. The inspection procedure

shall be in accordance with Guide E94/E94M and the types and

degrees of discontinuities considered shall be judged by

TABLE 3 Tensile and Hardness Requirements

Requirement

Grade

UNS J93183 UNS J93550 UNS J94300

CD4MCuMN

Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 90 [620] 90 [620] 110 [760]

Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 65 [450] 65 [450] 70 [480]

Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 25 20 20

Hardness, max:

Brinell 290 297 . . .

Rockwell C 30.5 31.5 . . .

Where ellipses ({) appear in this table there is no requirement, and the property need not be determined or reported.

A872/A872M − 21

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摘要：

ASTM A872 - A872M - 21 是美国材料与试验协会发布的关于铁素体/马氏体不锈钢离心铸造管道的标准规范，涵盖了化工、石油及核电等行业中用于高温高压环境下的无缝管道制造要求，包括化学成分、力学性能、热处理工艺、尺寸公差及无损检测等关键技术指标。该标准同时提供英制单位（A872）与国际单位制（A872M）版本，旨在确保离心铸造产品在腐蚀性介质及极端工况下的可靠性与安全性。适用于设计压力容器和工艺管线的工程师、质检人员及采购方，作为材料选型与质量验收的重要依据。

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