ASTM A450 - A 450M - 23

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Designation: A450/A450M −23
Standard Speciﬁcation for
General Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
Tubes
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A450/A450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation
2
covers a group of requirements
which, with the exceptions of 6.3 and Sections 7,8,19,20,21,
22,23,24, and 25, are mandatory requirements to the follow-
ing ASTM tubular product speciﬁcations:
3
Title of Speciﬁcation ASTM Designation
A
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-
Manganese Steel Boiler Tubes
A178/A178M
Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-
Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
A179/A179M
Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure
Service
A192/A192M
Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Super-
heater Tubes
A210/A210M
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-
Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
A214/A214M
Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes A423/A423M
Speciﬁcation for Seamless and Welded Carbon Steel
Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins
A498/A498M
Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater
Tubes
A556/A556M
Seamless, Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hy-
draulic System Service
A822/A822M
A
These designations refer to the latest issue of the respective speciﬁcations.
1.2 One or more of Sections 6.3,7,8,19,20,21,22,22.1,
24, and 25 apply when the product speciﬁcation or purchase
order has a requirement for the test or analysis described by
these sections.
1.3 In case of conﬂict between a requirement of the product
speciﬁcation and a requirement of this general requirement
speciﬁcation only the requirement of the product speciﬁcation
need be satisﬁed.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
designation (SI) of the product speciﬁcation is speciﬁed in the
order.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4
A178/A178M Speciﬁcation for Electric-Resistance-Welded
Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and
Superheater Tubes
A179/A179M Speciﬁcation for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-
Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
A192/A192M Speciﬁcation for Seamless Carbon Steel
Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure Service
A210/A210M Speciﬁcation for Seamless Medium-Carbon
Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
A214/A214M Speciﬁcation for Electric-Resistance-Welded
Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
A370 Test Methods and Deﬁnitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A423/A423M Speciﬁcation for Seamless and Electric-
Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes
A498/A498M Speciﬁcation for Seamless and Welded Car-
bon Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins
A530/A530M Speciﬁcation for General Requirements for
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
A556/A556M Speciﬁcation for Seamless Cold-Drawn Car-
bon Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as A450/A450M – 21.
DOI: 10.1520/A0450_A0450M-23.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Speciﬁ-
cation SA-450 in Section II of that Code.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 01.01 and 01.04.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
Steel Products
A822/A822M Speciﬁcation for Seamless Cold-Drawn Car-
bon Steel Tubing for Hydraulic System Service
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A1047/A1047M Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of
Tubing
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel
Products—Metric
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
E92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-
ness of Metallic Materials
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
Tubing
E273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of
Welded Pipe and Tubing
E309 Practice for Eddy Current Examination of Steel Tubu-
lar Products Using Magnetic Saturation
E426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examina-
tion of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium,
Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
E570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromag-
netic Steel Tubular Products
2.2 SAE Aerospace Material Speciﬁcations:
SAE-AMS2806 Identiﬁcation Bars, Wire, Mechanical
Tubing, and Extrusions, Carbon and Alloy Steels and
Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys
5
2.3 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-792 Identiﬁcation Marking Requirements for
Special Purpose Equipment
6
NAVSEA T9074-AS-GIB-010/271 Requirements for Non-
destructive Testing Methods
7
2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
Section IX
8
2.5 Steel Structures Painting Council:
SSPC-SP 6 Surface Preparation Speciﬁcation No. 6 Com-
mercial Blast Cleaning
9
2.6 Other Document:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
Personnel Qualiﬁcation and Certiﬁcation.
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions of Terms—For deﬁnitions of terms used in
this standard that are not included in 3.2, refer to:
3.1.1 Terminology A941 for general steel terminology,
3.1.2 Test Methods and Deﬁnitions A370 or Test Methods
A1058 for mechanical testing of steel products terminology,
and
3.1.3 Test Methods and Practices A751 for chemical analy-
sis of steel products terminology.
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 remelted heat—in secondary melting, all of the ingots
remelted from a single primary heat.
3.2.2 thin-wall tube—a tube meeting the speciﬁed outside
diameter and speciﬁed wall thickness set forth as follows:
Speciﬁed Outside
Diameter
Speciﬁed Wall Thickness
2 in. [50.8 mm] or less 2 % or less of speciﬁed outside diameter
Greater than 2 in. [50.8 mm] 3 % or less of speciﬁed outside diameter
Any 0.020 in. [0.5 mm] or less
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase
the needed material. Examples of such information include, but
are not limited to, the following:
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
4.1.2 Speciﬁciation number with grade or class, or both, as
applicable and year date,
4.1.3 Manufacture (hot-ﬁnished or cold-ﬁnished),
4.1.4 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
4.1.5 Length (speciﬁc or random),
4.1.6 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test
Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI
units) product standard. If the choice of test track is not
speciﬁed in the order, then the default ASTM test track shall be
used as noted in Test Methods A1058.
4.1.7 Supplementary Requirements, and
4.1.8 Additional requirements.
5. Process
5.1 The steel may be made by any process.
5.2 If a speciﬁc type of melting is required by the purchaser,
it shall be as stated on the purchase order.
5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
sing or reﬁning and may be followed by secondary melting,
such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting.
5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When
steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identiﬁca-
tion of the resultant transition material is required. The
producer shall remove the transition material by an established
procedure that positively separates the grades.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Samples for chemical analysis, and method of analysis
shall be in accordance with Test Methods and Practices A751.
6.2 Heat Analysis—If the heat analysis reported by the steel
producer is not sufficiently complete for conformance with the
heat analysis requirements of the applicable product speciﬁca-
tion to be fully assessed, the manufacturer may complete the
assessment of conformance with such heat analysis require-
ments by using a product analysis for the speciﬁed elements
5
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,
PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
6
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
7
Available from Naval Inventory Control Point, Code 1 Support Branch, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
8
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
9
Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http://www.sspc.org.
A450/A450M − 23
2

that were not reported by the steel producer, provided that

product analysis tolerances are not applied and the heat

analysis is not altered.

6.3 Product Analysis—Product analysis requirements and

options, if any, are contained in the product speciﬁcation.

7. Tensile Properties

7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to

tensile properties prescribed in the individual speciﬁcation.

7.2 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offset

of 0.2 % of the gage length or to a total extension of 0.5 % of

the gage length under load shall be determined.

7.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen is

less than that speciﬁed and any part of the fracture is more than

⁄

in. [19.0 mm] from the center of the gage length, as

indicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, a

retest shall be allowed.

8. Standard Weights

8.1 The calculated weight per unit length, based upon a

speciﬁed minimum wall thickness, shall be determined by the

following equation:

W5C

D2t

t(1)

where:

C= 10.69 [0.0246615],

W= weight, lb/ft [kg/m],

D= speciﬁed outside diameter, in. [mm], and

t= speciﬁed minimum wall thickness, in. [mm]

8.2 The permissible variations from the calculated weight

per foot [kilogram per metre] shall be as prescribed in Table 1.

9. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness

9.1 Variations from the speciﬁed minimum wall thickness

shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 2.

9.2 For tubes 2 in. [50.8 mm] and over in outside diameter

and 0.220 in. [5.6 mm] and over in thickness, the variation in

wall thickness in any one cross section of any one tube shall

not exceed the following percentage of the actual mean wall at

the section. The actual mean wall is deﬁned as the average of

the thickest and thinnest wall in that section.

Seamless tubes 610 %

Welded tubes 65 %

9.3 When cold-ﬁnished tubes as ordered require wall thick-

nesses

⁄

in. [19.1 mm] or over, or an inside diameter 60 % or

less of the outside diameter, the permissible variations in wall

thickness for hot-ﬁnished tubes shall apply.

10. Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter

10.1 Except as provided in 10.2, variations from the speci-

ﬁed outside diameter shall not exceed the amounts prescribed

in Table 3.

10.2 Thin-wall tubes usually develop signiﬁcant ovality (out

of roundness) during ﬁnal annealing, or straightening, or both.

The diameter tolerances of Table 3 are not sufficient to provide

for additional ovality expected in thin-wall tubes, and, for such

tubes, are applicable only to the mean of the extreme (maxi-

mum and minimum) outside diameter readings in any one cross

section. However, for thin wall tubes the difference in extreme

outside diameter readings (ovality) in any one cross section

shall not exceed the following ovality allowances:

TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Weight Per Unit Length

Method of Manufacture

Permissible Variation in Weight

per Unit Length, %

Over Under

Seamless, hot-ﬁnished

Seamless, cold-ﬁnished:

16 0

⁄

in. [38.1 mm] and under OD 12 0

Over 1

⁄

in. [38.1 mm] OD 13 0

Welded 10 0

These permissible variations in weight apply to lots of 50 tubes or more in sizes

4 in. [101.6 mm] and under in outside diameter, and to lots of 20 tubes or more in

sizes over 4 in. [101.6 mm] in outside diameter.

TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness

Outside

Diameter,

in. [mm]

Wall Thickness, %

0.095

[2.4]

and

Under

Over

0.095

to 0.150

[2.4 to

3.8], incl

Over 0.150

to 0.180

[3.8 to

4.6], incl

Over

0.180,

[4.6]

Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under

Seamless, Hot-Finished Tubes

4 [101.6] and 40 0 35 0 33 0 28 0

under

Over 4 ... ... 35 0 33 0 28 0

[101.6]

Seamless, Cold-Finished Tubes

Over Under

⁄

[38.1] and 20 0

under

Over 1

⁄

[38.1] 22 0

Welded Tubes

All sizes 18 0

These permissible variations in wall thickness apply only to tubes, except

internal-upset tubes, as rolled or cold-ﬁnished, and before swaging, expanding,

bending, polishing, or other fabricating operations.

TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter

Outside Diameter,

in. [mm]

Permissible Variations, in. [mm]

Over Under

Hot-Finished Seamless Tubes

4 [101.6] and under

⁄

[0.4]

⁄

[0.8]

Over 4 to 7

⁄

[101.6 to 190.5], incl

⁄

[0.4]

⁄

[1.2]

Over 7

⁄

to 9 [190.5 to 228.6], incl

⁄

[0.4]

⁄

[1.6]

Welded Tubes and Cold-Finished Seamless Tubes

Under 1 [25.4] 0.004 [0.1] 0.004 [0.1]

1 to 1

⁄

[25.4 to 38.1], incl 0.006 [0.15] 0.006 [0.15]

Over 1

⁄

to 2 [38.1 to 50.8], excl 0.008 [0.2] 0.008 [0.2]

2 to 2

⁄

[50.8 to 63.5], excl 0.010 [0.25] 0.010 [0.25]

⁄

to 3 [63.5 to 76.2], excl 0.012 [0.3] 0.012 [0.3]

3 to 4 [76.2 to 101.6], incl 0.015 [0.38] 0.015 [0.38]

Over 4 to 7

⁄

[101.6 to 190.5], incl 0.015 [0.38] 0.025 [0.64]

Over 7

⁄

to 9 [190.5 to 228.6], incl 0.015 [0.38] 0.045 [1.14]

Except as provided in 10.2, these permissible variations include out-of-

roundness. These permissible variations in outside diameter apply to hot-ﬁnished

seamless, welded and cold-ﬁnished seamless tubes before other fabricating

operations such as upsetting, swaging, expanding, bending, or polishing.

A450/A450M − 23

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摘要：

ASTM A450 - A 450M - 23 是由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的关于碳素钢、铁素体合金钢及奥氏体合金钢无缝与焊接钢管通用要求的标准规范。该标准涵盖了用于锅炉、过热器、换热器及冷凝器等高温高压服务条件下的钢管制造、检验与测试的基本技术要求，包括尺寸公差、机械性能、工艺质量、无损检测及试验频率等关键参数。A450M后缀表示该标准同时提供国际单位制（SI）单位版本，方便全球范围内的工程应用与合规参考。本标准是确保钢管产品在极端工况下安全可靠运行的基础性规范，广泛应用于能源、石化

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