ASTM A493 - 23

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Designation: A493 −23
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods for Cold Heading and
Cold Forging
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A493; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers cold-ﬁnished and hot-ﬁnished
stainless steel wire and wire rods for cold heading or cold
forging for applications, such as fasteners, where corrosion
resistance is a factor.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A555/A555M Speciﬁcation for General Requirements for
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
Steel Products
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
speciﬁcation. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight),
3.1.2 Size (diameter),
3.1.3 Type or UNS number (see Table 1),
3.1.4 Name (wire or wire rods),
3.1.5 ASTM designation and issue date,
3.1.6 Condition (see 5.2),
3.1.7 Coating (see 5.3),
3.1.8 Coil size (inside and outside diameter),
3.1.9 Special requirements, and
3.1.10 Supplementary requirements.
4. General Requirements for Delivery
4.1 In addition to the requirements of this speciﬁcation, all
requirements of the current editions of Speciﬁcation A555/
A555M shall apply. Failure to comply with the general
requirements of Speciﬁcation A555/A555M constitutes non-
conformance with this speciﬁcation.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb (2268 kg)
0.225 in. (5.72 mm) round Type 305 cold heading wire, lightly drafted,
copper coated, 32 in. (813 mm) max OD—22 in. (559 mm) min ID, coils,
ASTM Speciﬁcation A493 – XX. End use: hex head machine bolts.
5. Manufacture
5.1 Heat Treatment:
5.1.1 Austenitic grades shall be annealed at 1800 °F
(980 °C) minimum, so that grain boundary carbides enter into
solution, and rapidly quenched to prevent grain boundary
precipitation of carbides that would cause susceptibility to
intergranular corrosion. See Supplementary Requirements.
5.1.2 Ferritic and martensitic grades shall be annealed to
meet the requirements for mechanical properties.
5.2 Condition:
5.2.1 Wire shall be furnished in one of the following
conditions:
5.2.1.1 Lightly drafted (normal condition and need not be
speciﬁed if this is condition desired),
5.2.1.2 Annealed, or
5.2.1.3 Drafted to a speciﬁed tensile strength range (as
agreed upon between purchaser and producer).
5.2.2 Rods shall be furnished in the annealed condition,
scale removed.
5.3 Coatings and Lubricants:
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A493 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/A0493-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

5.3.1 Coatings are necessary for most cold-heading or

forming operations. An electroplated copper coating is often

used. The following coatings may be speciﬁed: copper, lime, or

special (as agreed upon between purchaser and producer).

5.3.2 Lubricants are applied over the coating during the

ﬁnal drafting operation performed by the producer. Soap is

generally used. The following lubricants may be speciﬁed:

soap, grease, or special (as agreed upon between purchaser and

producer).

6. Chemical Requirements

6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical

composition speciﬁed in Table 1.

6.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis

required by this speciﬁcation shall be in accordance with Test

Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.

7. Mechanical Requirements

7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to

mechanical properties speciﬁed in Table 2. Material can be

manufactured to tensile strength ranges other than those shown

in Table 2. The producer should be consulted when material is

required to tensile strength ranges other than those speciﬁed.

8. Resistance to Intergranular Corrosion

8.1 All austenitic grades in the annealed condition or

annealed and lightly drafted condition shall be capable of

passing Practice E of Practices A262. When Supplementary

Requirement S1 is invoked, all austenitic grades shall be tested

and pass Practice E of Practices A262.

9. Packaging and Package Marking

9.1 Packaging—Coils shall be bundled or boxed in such a

manner as to assure safe delivery to their destination when

properly transported by any common carrier.

9.2 Markings—Each lift, bundle, or box shall be properly

tagged with durable tags (metal, plastic, or equivalent), show-

ing size, grade, cold-heading wire, condition coating, heat

number, and ASTM A493.

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Grade Composition, %

UNS

Designation

AISI

Type

Carbon Manga-

nese

Phos-

phorus

Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molyb-

denum

Nitrogen Other

Elements

Austenitic Grades

S 17710 . . . 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . . . . . . . Al

0.90–1.40

S 30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 1.00 0.10

S 30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–10.5 1.00 0.10

S 30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–12.0 1.00 0.10

S 30430 0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 3.0–4.0

S 30433 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 3.0–4.0

S 30500 305 0.04 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 10.5–13.0 1.00

S 31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 2.00–3.00 0.10

S 31603 316L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 2.00–3.00 0.10

S 38400 384 0.04 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 15.0–17.0 17.0–19.0

Ferritic Grades

S 40940 0.06 1.00 0.045 0.040 1.00 10.5–11.7 0.50 Cb

10XC–0.75

S 42900 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.0–16.0

S 43000 430 0.04 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0

S 44401 . . . 0.025 1.00 0.040 0.030 . . . 17.5–19.5 1.00 1.75–2.50 0.035 Ti+Cb

0.20+4×

(C+N)−0.80

S 44625

. . . 0.010

0.40 0.020 0.020 0.40 25.0–27.5 0.50 0.2 0.75–1.50 0.015

Ni+Cu 0.5

S 44700

. . . 0.010

0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 28.0–30.0 0.15 0.15 3.5–4.2 0.020

C+N

0.025

S 44800

. . . 0.010

0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 28.0–30.0 2.00–2.50 0.15 3.5–4.2 0.020

C+N

0.025

Martensitic Grades

S 41000 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.5–13.5

S 42010 . . . 0.15–0.30 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 13.5–15.0 0.35–0.85 0.40–0.85

S 42030 . . . 0.30 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.0–14.0 2.00–3.00 1.00–3.00

S 43100 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 15.0–17.0 1.25–2.50

S 44004 440C 0.95–1.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 0.75 max

Maximum, unless range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (. . .) appear in this table, there is no requirement and the element need not be determined or reported.

Product analysis tolerance over the maximum limit for carbon and nitrogen to be 0.002 %.

A493 − 23

10. Keywords

10.1 austenitic stainless steel; ferritic stainless steel; mar-

tensitic stainless steel; stainless steel cold forging wire; stain-

less steel cold heading wire

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following may be required when the purchase order so speciﬁes:

S1. Austenitic Grades

S1.1 Austenitic grades shall be tested and pass the test for

intergranular susceptibility in accordance with Practice E of

Practices A262.

TABLE 2 Mechanical Property Requirements for Lightly Drafted and Annealed Wire

NOTE 1— This table applies to sizes 0.100 in. (2.5 mm) and larger. For smaller sizes, similar mechanical properties apply to ferritic and martensitic

grades; however the producer should be consulted regarding somewhat higher tensile properties applicable to austenitic grades.

Grade As-Annealed Lightly Drafted

UNS No. Type No. ksi max. MPa max. ksi max. MPa max.

Austenitic Grades

S 17710 . . . 95 655 . . . . . .

S 30200 302 95 655 105 725

S 30400 304 90 620 105 725

S 30403 304L 90 620 102 705

S 30430 . . . 88 605 96 660

S 30433 . . . 88 605 96 660

S 30500 305 85 585 95 655

S 31600 316 90 620 95 655

S 31603 316L 85 585 93 640

S 38400 384 80 550 85 585

Ferritic Grades

S 40940 409Cb 70 485 80 550

S 42900 429 85 485 90 620

S 43000 430 75 520 86 595

S 44401 . . . 80 550 90 620

S 44625 . . . 100 690 105 725

S 44700 . . . 100 690 105 725

S 44800 . . . 100 690 105 725

Martensitic Grades

S 41000 410 82 565 85 585

S 42010 . . . 100 690 105 725

S 42030 . . . 110 760 115 795

S 43100 431 110 760 115 795

S 44004 440C 110 760 120 830

A493 − 23

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摘要：

ASTM A493 - 23 是由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的最新版本标准，专门规范用于冷镦和冷挤压工艺的不锈钢丝材的技术要求。该标准涵盖多种不锈钢类型，包括奥氏体、铁素体和马氏体不锈钢，适用于制造紧固件、螺栓、螺钉、螺母以及其他冷成型零件。标准中对材料的化学成分、机械性能、尺寸公差、表面质量及热处理状态作出了明确规定，旨在确保材料在冷加工过程中具备良好的成型性与最终制品的可靠性。ASTM A493 - 23 还更新了部分牌号的成分限制和测试要求，使其更符合当前工业应用需求。该标准广泛适

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