ASTM A312 - A 312M - 24a 无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管

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Designation: A312/A312M −24a Used in USDOE-NE standards
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic
Stainless Steel Pipes
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A312/A312M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation
2
covers seamless, straight-seam
welded, and heavily cold worked welded austenitic stainless
steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive
service.
1.2 Grades TP304H, TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H,
TP310HCb, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H, and TP348H are
modiﬁcations of Grades TP304, TP309Cb, TP309S, TP310Cb,
TP310S, TP316, TP321, TP347, and TP348, and are intended
for service at temperatures where creep and stress rupture
properties are important.
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for
pipe where a greater degree of testing is desired. These
supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made
and, when desired, it is permitted to specify in the order one or
more of these supplementary requirements.
1.4 Table X1.1 lists the standardized dimensions of welded
and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ASME B36.19.
These dimensions are also applicable to heavily cold worked
pipe. Pipe having other dimensions is permitted to be ordered
and furnished provided such pipe complies with all other
requirements of this speciﬁcation.
1.5 Grades TP321 and TP321H have lower strength require-
ments for pipe manufactured by the seamless process in
nominal wall thicknesses greater than
3
⁄
8
in. [9.5 mm].
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
designation of this speciﬁcation is speciﬁed in the order.
NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has
been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal
diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A370 Test Methods and Deﬁnitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A999/A999M Speciﬁcation for General Requirements for
Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
A1016/A1016M Speciﬁcation for General Requirements for
Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless
Steel Tubes
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
Blooms, and Forgings
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
Uniﬁed Numbering System (UNS)
2.2 ASME Standards:
B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose
B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code : Section VIII
4
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2024. Published May 2024. Originally
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2024 as A312/A312M – 24.
DOI: 10.1520/A0312_A0312M-24A.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Speciﬁ-
cation SA-312 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

2.3 AWS Standard:
A5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel
Steel Welding Rods and Electrodes
5
2.4 Other Standard:
SAE J1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys
(UNS)
6
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 The deﬁnitions in Speciﬁcation A999/A999M and
Terminology A941 are applicable to this speciﬁcation.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this speciﬁcation shall conform to
the requirements of the current edition of Speciﬁcation A999/
A999M.
5. General Requirements
5.1 Material furnished under this speciﬁcation shall con-
form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
Speciﬁcation A999/A999M unless otherwise provided herein.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Manufacture:
6.1.1 The pipe shall be manufactured by one of the follow-
ing processes:
6.1.2 Seamless (SML) pipe shall be made by a process that
does not involve welding at any stage of production.
6.1.3 Welded (WLD) pipe shall be made using an automatic
welding process with no addition of ﬁller metal during the
welding process.
6.1.4 Heavily cold-worked (HCW) pipe shall be made by
applying cold working of not less than 35 % reduction in
thickness of both wall and weld to a welded pipe prior to the
ﬁnal anneal. No ﬁller shall be used in making the weld. Prior
to cold working, the weld shall be 100 % radiographically
inspected in accordance with the requirements of ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, latest
revision, Paragraph UW-51.
6.1.5 Welded pipe and HCW pipe of NPS 14 and smaller
shall have a single longitudinal weld. Welded pipe and HCW
pipe of a size larger than NPS 14 shall have a single
longitudinal weld or shall be produced by forming and welding
two longitudinal sections of ﬂat stock when approved by the
purchaser. All weld tests, examinations, inspections, or treat-
ments shall be performed on each weld seam.
6.1.6 At the option of the manufacturer, pipe shall be either
hot ﬁnished or cold ﬁnished.
6.1.7 The pipe shall be free of scale and contaminating
exogenous iron particles. Pickling, blasting, or surface ﬁnish-
ing is not mandatory when pipe is bright annealed. The
purchaser is permitted to require that a passivating treatment be
applied to the ﬁnished pipe.
6.2 Heat Treatment—All pipe shall be furnished in the
heat-treated condition in accordance with the requirements of
Table 2. Alternatively, for seamless pipe, immediately follow-
ing hot forming while the temperature of the pipes is not less
than the minimum solution treatment temperature speciﬁed in
Table 2, pipes shall be individually quenched in water or
rapidly cooled by other means (direct quenched).
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
8. Product Analysis
8.1 At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of one billet
or one length of ﬂat-rolled stock from each heat, or two pipes
from each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe
shall consist of the following number of lengths of the same
size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel:
NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in Lot
Under 2 400 or fraction thereof
2 to 5 200 or fraction thereof
6 and over 100 or fraction thereof
8.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the
purchaser or the purchaser’s representative, and shall conform
to the requirements speciﬁed in Section 7.
8.3 If the analysis of one of the tests speciﬁed in 8.1 does
not conform to the requirements speciﬁed in Section 7, an
analysis of each billet or pipe from the same heat or lot may be
made, and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirements
shall be accepted.
9. Permitted Variations in Wall Thickness
9.1 In addition to the implicit limitation of wall thickness
for seamless pipe imposed by the limitation on weight in
Speciﬁcation A999/A999M, the wall thickness for seamless
and welded pipe at any point shall be within the tolerances
speciﬁed in Table 3, except that for welded pipe the weld area
shall not be limited by the “Over” tolerance. The wall thickness
and outside diameter for inspection for compliance with this
requirement for pipe ordered by NPS and schedule number is
shown in Table X1.1.
10. Tensile Requirements
10.1 The tensile properties of the material shall conform to
the requirements prescribed in Table 4.
11. Mechanical Tests, Grain Size Determinations, and
Weld Decay Tests Required
11.1 Mechanical Testing Lot Deﬁnition—The term lot for
mechanical tests shall be as follows:
11.1.1 Where the ﬁnal heat treated condition is obtained,
consistent with the requirements of 6.2, in a continuous furnace
or by quenching after hot forming, the term lot for mechanical
tests shall apply to all pipes of the same speciﬁed outside
diameter and speciﬁed wall thickness (or schedule) of the same
heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature,
time at heat, and furnace speed in the same production run, or
all pipes of the same speciﬁed outside diameter and speciﬁed
5
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org.
6
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
A312/A312M − 24a
2

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Grade

UNS

Desig-

nation

Composition, %

Carbon Manga-

nese

Phos-

phorus Sulfur Silicon Chrom-

ium Nickel Molyb-

denum

Tita-

nium Niobium

Tanta-

lum,

max

Nitro-

gen

Vana-

dium Copper Cerium Boron Alum-

inum Other

TP201 S20100 0.15 5.5–

7.5

0.060 0.030 1.00 16.0–

18.0

3.5–

5.5

... ... ... ... 0.25 ... ... ... ... ...

TP201LN S20153 0.03 6.4–

7.5

0.045 0.015 0.75 16.0–

17.5

4.0–

5.0

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10–

0.25

. . . 1.00 . . . . . . . . .

. . . S20400 0.030 7.0–

9.0

0.045 0.030 1.00 15.0–

17.0

1.50–

3.00

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–

0.30

... ... ... ... ...

TPXM-19 S20910 0.06 4.0–

6.0

0.045 0.030 1.00 20.5–

23.5

11.5–

13.5

1.50–

3.00

. . . 0.10–

0.30

. . . 0.20–

0.40

0.10–

0.30

... ...

TPXM-10 S21900 0.08 8.0–

10.0

0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0–

21.5

5.5–

7.5

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–

0.40

... ... ...

TPXM-11 S21904 0.04 8.0–

10.0

0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0–

21.5

5.5–

7.5

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–

0.40

... ... ...

TPXM-29 S24000 0.08 11.5–

14.5

0.060 0.030 1.00 17.0–

19.0

2.3–

3.7

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20–

0.40

... ... ...

TP304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–

20.0

8.0–

11.0

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TP304L S30403 0.035

2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–

20.0

8.0–

13.0

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TP304H S30409 0.04–

0.10

2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–

20.0

8.0–

11.0

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

. . . S30415 0.04–

0.06

0.80 0.045 0.030 1.00–

2.00

18.0–

19.0

9.0–

10.0

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12–

0.18

. . . . . . 0.03–

0.08

. . . S30416 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.015 0.80–

2.00

17.5–

19.5

9.0–

11.0

0.40–

0.80

... ... ... 0.10 ... ... ...

TP304N S30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–

20.0

8.0–

11.0

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10–

0.16

... ... ...

TP304LN S30453 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–

20.0

8.0–

12.0

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10–

0.16

... ... ...

. . . S30600 0.018 2.00 0.02 0.02 3.7–

4.3

17.0–

18.5

14.0–

15.5

0.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.50

max

...

. . . S30601 0.015 0.50–

0.80

0.030 0.013 5.0–

5.6

17.0–

18.0

17.0–

18.0

0.20 . . . . . . . . . 0.05 . . . 0.35 . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . S30615 0.16–

0.24

2.00 0.030 0.03 3.2–

4.0

17.0–

19.5

13.5–

16.0

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.80–

1.50

. . . S30815 0.05–

0.10

0.80 0.040 0.030 1.40–

2.00

20.0–

22.0

10.0–

12.0

. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14–

0.20

. . . . . . 0.03–

0.08

TP309S S30908 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–

24.0

12.0–

15.0

0.75 ... ... ... ... ... ...

TP309H S30909 0.04–

0.10

2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–

24.0

12.0–

15.0

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

A312/A312M − 24a

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ASTM A312/A312M-2024 Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes 无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管

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ASTM A312 - A 312M - 24a 无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管

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