ASTM B214 - 22

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Designation: B214 −22
Standard Test Method for
Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the dry sieve analysis of metal
powders, using sieves with openings ranging from 45 to 850
micrometres.
1.2 This test method is based on a particular type of
mechanical sieve shaker (see 5.2). Other types of sieve shakers
are also available, but their precision and reproducibility have
not been determined.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing
Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
B417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-
Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
B703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
E11 Speciﬁcation for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,
and Screening Media
2.2 MPIF Standard:
3
MPIF 05 Determination of Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—Useful deﬁnitions of terms relating to pow-
der metallurgy (PM) are found in B243 and those relating to
sieve analysis are found in E1638.
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
4.1 The particle size distribution of a metal powder affects
its behavior in PM processing and other applications of these
materials. The test method may be part of the purchase
agreement between powder supplier and user, or it may be an
internal quality control test for either.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sieves—Select a set of standard sieves from the table
entitled, “U.S. Standard Series Test Sieves.” These shall
conform to Speciﬁcation E11 and be 203 mm in diameter. In
addition to the sieves listed in Table 1, a cover and collection
pan are also required.
NOTE 1—The 203 mm diameter sieve is most commonly referenced as
an 8 in. diameter sieve. 8 in. diameter sieves do not nest with 200 mm
diameter sieves.
5.2 Sieve Shaker—A mechanically operated, single eccen-
tric sieve shaker shall be used that imparts to the set of sieves
a rotary motion and a tapping action of uniform speed. The
number of rotations per minute shall be between 270 and 300.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as B214 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/B0214-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Road
East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.mpif.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

The number of taps per minute shall be between 140 and 160.
The hold down arm of the sieve shaker shall be ﬁtted with a
shock absorbing plug to receive the impact of the tapping
device. The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by
bolting to a solid foundation, preferably of concrete.
NOTE 2—Use of a sound proof enclosure is recommended.
5.3 Balance—A balance readable to 0.01 g, with a minimum
capacity of 150 g.
6. Test Portion
6.1 The size of the test portion shall be 90 to 110 g for any
metal powder having an apparent density greater than or equal
to 1.5 g ⁄cm
3
when tested in accordance with Test Methods
B212,B329,B417,orB703. A test portion of 40 to 60 g shall
be used when the apparent density of the powder is less than
1.5 g ⁄cm
3
. The test portion should be obtained in accordance
with Practices B215.
7. Procedure
7.1 Examine the sieves to make sure that they are not
damaged and are clean.
7.2 Assemble the group of sieves selected in consecutive
order by the size of their openings, with the coarsest sieve at
the top, the assembly being completed by a solid collecting pan
below the bottom sieve. Place the test portion on the top sieve
and close this sieve with a solid cover. Then fasten the sieve
assembly securely in the sieve shaker and operate the machine
for a period of at least 15 min and report the actual time used
along with the test data.
NOTE 3—For some materials, for example brittle and friable materials,
the 15 min may be too long. Sieving time may be adjusted for such
materials, and the actual time used should be reported along with the test
data.
NOTE 4—Test results may be affected by the number of sieves in the
sieve stack. Sieving times should be adjusted if needed to account for this.
7.3 Remove the screened fractions from the nest of sieves
by removing the coarsest sieve from the nest, gently tapping its
contents to one side and pouring them upon a glazed paper.
Brush any material adhering to the bottom surface of the sieve
and the lower frame with a soft brush into the next ﬁner sieve.
Tap the sieve just removed upside down, on the paper
containing the portion that had been retained on it, and brush
the back side of the sieve with the ﬂat side of the brush to
dislodge any particles that may have been wedged in the screen
openings, by pushing to the upper side of the screen. Weigh
this fraction, record the mass, and remove it from the balance.
Repeat this process for each sieve in the nest. Remove the
fraction collected in the pan and weigh. The sum of the masses
of all the fractions shall be not less than 99 % of the mass of the
test portion. Add the difference between this sum and the mass
of the test portion (in accordance with Section 6) to the mass
of the fraction collected in the pan.
NOTE 5—If the sum is less than 99 %, check the condition of the screens
and the pan and also check for possible errors in weighing. Repeat the test
if error persists.
8. Report
8.1 Express the masses of the fractions retained on each
sieve, and the mass of the fraction collected in the pan, as
percentages of the mass of the test portion to the nearest 0.1 %,
and report them in the form shown in Table 2. Report any
fraction that is less than 0.1 % of the mass of the test portion
as “trace.” If a fraction is absent, report it as “0.0”. Report the
actual time period of sieving.
9. Precision and Bias
4
9.1 Precision:
9.1.1 An interlaboratory study of the sieve analysis of metal
powders was run in 1993 and 1994 using the procedures
contained in MPIF Standard 05 (1992). Each of twelve
laboratories made three tests on four powder samples using
each of two sets of sieves. One set of sieves was a standard set
that was circulated to each laboratory in turn. A second set of
sieves was chosen by each laboratory from its in-house sieve
stock. Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysis
of the data. The details are given in MPPA Research Report
MPPA R-05-95.
3
9.1.2 There were ﬁve U.S. Standard Series sieves in each
sieve nest: 80 mesh, 100 mesh, 140 mesh, 200 mesh, and 325
mesh plus a cover and a pan.
9.1.3 The precision information given in 9.1.4 – 9.1.7
covers the percent retained between any pair of sieves, the
percent retained on the coarsest sieve, the percent passing the
ﬁnest sieve, and the cumulative percentages calculated from all
sieves of greater openings above any sieve in the set.
4
The precision contained in this standard was determined by the Metal Powder
Producers Association Standards Committee of the Metal Powder Industries
Federation for MPIF Standard 05. The precision is used herein with the permission
of the Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ
08540–6692, USA.
TABLE 1 U.S. Standard Series Test Sieves
Sieve
Number Sieve Opening (µm)
20 850
40 425
60 250
80 180
100 150
140 106
200 75
230 63
325 45
TABLE 2 Format for Reporting Test Data of a Typical 100-Mesh
Powder
U.S. Standard Series
Particle Size (µm) Sieve Number %By
Mass
>180 + 80 ...
#180 > 150 − 80 + 100 ...
#150 > 106 − 100 + 140 ...
#106 > 75 − 140 + 200 ...
#75 > 45 − 200 + 325 ...
#45 − 325 ...
B214 − 22
2

9.1.4 The 95 % repeatability limit, r, (within a laboratory),

as deﬁned by Terminology E456, is represented by the equa-

tion:

r50.410.03 3

(1)

where [SF] is the % retained on the sieve of interest.

9.1.5 The 95 % reproducibility limit, R, (between

laboratories), as deﬁned by Terminology E456, is smaller for

the circulated sieves than for the in-house sieves. For in-house

sieves, Rcan be calculated from the following equations:

R51.210.15 3

for

from 0 to 22 (2)

R54.5 for

from 22.1 to 50 (3)

where [SF] is the % retained on the sieve of interest.

For circulated sieves (or by analogy matched sieves obtained

by two laboratories), Rcan be calculated from the following

equations:

R50.310.064 3

for

from 0 to 30 (4)

R52.2 for

from 30.1 to 50 (5)

Where [SF] is the % retained on the sieve of interest.

9.1.6 Duplicate results from the same laboratory should be

considered acceptable at the 95 % conﬁdence level unless they

differ by more than r, the repeatability limit.

9.1.7 Duplicate results from the different laboratories should

be considered acceptable at the 95 % conﬁdence level unless

they differ by more than R, the reproducibility limit.

9.2 Bias—No information can be presented on the bias in

Test Method B214 for measuring sieve analysis because no

material is universally accepted as a standard reference mate-

rial.

9.3 Measurement Uncertainty—The precision of this test

method shall be considered by those performing the test when

reporting results.

10. Keywords

10.1 mesh designation number; particle size; screened frac-

tion; sieves; U.S. standard series

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. SIEVE COMPLIANCE—MASTER SET

X1.1 Compliance, inspection, and calibration sieves con-

forming to Speciﬁcation E11 can be obtained from the sieve

manufacturers. If used continually, the sieves will, after a

period of time, become less accurate and might no longer meet

the requirements set in Speciﬁcation E11. A common accept-

able practice would be to use either inspection- or calibration-

grade sieves as a master set for quality control of compliance-

grade working sieves. By comparing sieve tests on the same

sample, run in both the master set and the working set, a factor

can be established for correcting results on the working sieves.

Over time, the correcting results should continually be evalu-

ated. Replacement of working sieves is required if a change of

3 % in correcting results is present.

X2. MATCHED SIEVES

X2.1 To correlate sieve results from two different locations,

producers and purchasers may use a reference powder to create

correcting results as explained in Appendix X1.

X3. SIEVE SERIES GUIDELINES

X3.1 Suggested combinations of sieves are given in Table

X3.1 for several nominal mesh size metal powders.

B214 − 22

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摘要：

ASTM B214 - 22 是 ASTM 国际标准组织发布的关于金属粉末筛分分析的试验方法标准，全称为“Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders”。该标准适用于通过干法或湿法筛分来测定金属粉末的粒度分布，涵盖从粗粉到细粉的广泛粒径范围，通常用于粉末冶金、增材制造、电子材料等行业中的质量控制与产品验收。ASTM B214 - 22 更新了之前版本中的设备要求、操作步骤和数据处理方法，明确了使用标准筛网、振动筛分仪及称量装置的

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