ASTM B703 - 21

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Designation: B703 −21
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related
Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B703; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a quantitative laboratory proce-
dure for determining the apparent density of both free-ﬂowing
and non-free-ﬂowing metal powders, lubricated metal powder
mixtures, and powder compounds.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for mass,
volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the
cubic centimetre units is the long-standing industry practice,
the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing
Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
B417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-
Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 MPIF Standard:
3
MPIF 48 Determination of Apparent Density of Metal Pow-
ders Using the Arnold Meter
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—Useful deﬁnitions of terms for metal pow-
ders and powder metallurgy (PM) are found in Terminology
B243. Additional descriptive PM information is available at
www.astm.org on the B09 web page, under the Committee
Documents section, following the link for “General Informa-
tion on PM.”
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 Arnold Apparent Density (AD
A
), n—the mass per unit
volume of a powder, expressed in gram per cubic centimetre
units, determined in accordance with the procedure in this test
method.
3.2.2 Arnold Meter, n—the laboratory instrumentation pic-
tured in Fig. 1, consisting of a steel die block with a precise
cavity and a powder delivery cylinder, that is used to determine
a quantitative value for Arnold Apparent Density, (AD
A
).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method consists of ﬁrst collecting a 20 cm
3
volume of the test powder by slowly sliding a cylindrical
sleeve containing the test powder over a precise cavity in a die
block.
4.2 The mass of the volume of powder thus collected is
determined and the Arnold Apparent Density (AD
A
), is calcu-
lated as mass divided by volume and expressed in g/cm
3
units.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published September 2021. Originally
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B703 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/B0703-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
This standard is available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF),
105 College Rd. East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.mpif.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

5. Signiﬁcance and Use

5.1 The apparent density is an important measure of a

material characteristic of the powder that is useful to the

powder producers and powder users in determining quality and

lot to lot consistency.

5.2 This test method is applicable to free-ﬂowing and

non-free-ﬂowing metal powders, lubricated powder mixtures

and metal compounds.

5.3 The apparent density of a lubricated metal powder

mixture may be different when a quantity settles after falling

into the die cavity during automated compacting compared

with the value obtained from a measurement taken in the

laboratory under controlled test conditions.

5.4 This test method simulates the action of the feed shoe on

a powder compacting press and gives an apparent density value

that closely approximates the apparent density of the powder in

the die cavity after the production ﬁlling operation.

5.5 Knowledge of this apparent density value for the ﬁnal

lubricated production powder mixture is very helpful to the

powder metallurgy (PM) parts fabricator to set the compression

ratios for ﬁxed ﬁll die cavity tooling.

5.6 The values of apparent density obtained on metal

powders with this test method are approximately 0.2 g/cm

higher than those obtained using the Hall Funnel, Test Method

B212, the Carney Funnel, Test Method B417; or the Scott

Volumeter, Test Method B329.

5.7 This test method may be part of a purchase agreement

between the powder producer and PM parts producer, or it may

be an internal quality control test for either party.

6. Apparatus

6.1 Steel Die Block

—A hardened, tempered (60 HRC

min.), ground and demagnetized tool steel block approximately

6.50 by 2.50 in. (165 by 64 mm) and 1.0000 60.0001 in.

(25.400 60.003 mm) in thickness, having a precise centrally

located through-hole 1.2466 60.0001 in. (31.664 60.003

mm) in diameter with a volume of 20.0 cm

(see Fig. 2). The

surfaces of the sides of the die block shall be given a

roughening treatment to aid in handling during use (see Fig. 1).

6.2 Powder Delivery Cylinder

—A nonferrous cylindrical

sleeve, preferably brass or bronze, approximately 1.75 in. (44

mm) outside diameter and 1.50 in. (38 mm) inside diameter

with a height of about 1.50 in. (38 mm), (see Fig. 2). The

cylinder should be inscribed on the ID with a ring at approxi-

mately three quarters of its height to indicate 50 cm

6.3 Weighing Paper—A sheet of coated or waxed paper

approximately 6 in. (150 mm) square.

6.4 Balance—A laboratory balance readable to 0.001 g, and

with a capacity of at least 200 g.

7. Test Portion

7.1 The test portion shall be approximately 50 cm

powder, obtained in accordance with Practices B215, that will

ﬁll the delivery cylinder to about three quarters of its height.

An apparatus may be produced according to the drawings, Fig. 2, in this

standard. If you are aware of suppliers for this apparatus, please provide this

information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive

careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,

which

you may attend.

FIG. 1 Arnold Meter

B703 − 21

8. Procedure

8.1 Tare the sheet of coated weighing paper and lay it on a

ﬂat level surface.

8.2 Thoroughly clean the steel die block and the powder

delivery cylinder with a dry cotton cloth to remove any loose

powder particles. Demagnetize the die if necessary.

8.3 Place the steel die block in the center of the sheet of

tared paper.

8.4 Locate the empty delivery cylinder upright on the steel

die block, on either side of the die cavity.

8.5 Carefully ﬁll the delivery cylinder with the 50 cm

test

portion of powder to the ring inscribed at three-quarters of its

height.

8.6 With downward pressure on the delivery cylinder,

slowly and smoothly slide it forward across the cavity while

simultaneously rotating it approximately

⁄

turn. This produces

a cascading action by the powder as it falls into the cavity.

Continue these motions until the cylinder passes completely

over the cavity. Then, maintaining downward pressure on the

cylinder, slide it straight back over the cavity to the starting

location. This sliding action must be slow enough to leave the

cavity in the die block completely ﬁlled.

8.7 Slowly lift the die block together with the partially

empty delivery cylinder off the weighing paper to allow the

contents (the test specimen) of the die cavity to collect on the

paper, being careful not to tip the block and possibly spill

additional powder.

Dimensions

Letter Inches Millimetres

A 6.50 165

B 2.50 64

C 1.0000 ± 0.0001 25.400 ± 0.003

D 1.2466 ± 0.0001 31.664 ± 0.003

E 1.50 38

F 1.75 44

G 1.13 29

H 1.50 38

FIG. 2 Arnold Apparent Density Meter

B703 − 21

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摘要：

ASTM B703 - 21 是一项关于金属粉末表观密度测定的标准规范，由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布。该标准规定了使用斯柯特容量计法（Scott Volumeter Method）测量金属粉末在一定条件下自由流动后的表观密度，适用于铁粉、铜粉、铝粉等各类金属粉末的质量控制和研发评估。ASTM B703 - 21 详细描述了测试设备的结构要求、校准步骤、样品预处理、操作流程以及结果计算与报告方法，确保不同实验室之间测试结果的重复性和可比性。该标准对于粉末冶金、增材制造、热喷涂、电子材料等领

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