ASTM D7143-24 用于测定室内材料产品挥发性有机化合物排放量的排放室标准实施规程

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Designation: D7143 −24
Standard Practice for
Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic
Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation D7143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice complements Guide D5116 and Practice D6670.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) emissions from materials and products
using emission cells. It can be applied in principle to most
construction materials and many products used indoors. Ob-
jectives include:
1.1.1 To provide manufacturers, builders, and end users
with emission data useful for evaluating the impact of building
products, new or old, on indoor air concentrations in a model
room.
1.1.2 To promote the development of products with lower
VOC emissions.
1.2 This practice is for identifying emitted VOCs and for
determining the area speciﬁc emission rate of VOCs from
newly produced building products under deﬁned climate con-
ditions. The method can also be applied to aged products.
1.3 In accordance with the deﬁnition of an emission cell, it
is also possible to perform nondestructive emission measure-
ments on building products on-site in buildings. However, the
procedure for such measurements is not described in this
practice.
1.4 This practice describes the design, construction, perfor-
mance evaluation and use of emission cells for VOC emission
testing. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be
tested, and preparation of test specimens are also described.
1.5 Air sampling and analytical methods for the determina-
tion of VOCs are described in Practice D6196. Alternative
sampling and analytical approaches for formaldehyde and
other carbonyls are described in Test Method D5197.
NOTE 1—All volatile (vapor-phase) carbonyls except formaldehyde can
be analyzed by either Practice D6196 or by Test Method D5197.
NOTE 2—Direct-reading instruments can also be applied for speciﬁc
objectives.
NOTE 3—Some volatile inorganic compounds can, in principle, also be
analyzed (for example, ammonia).
1.6 An example of an emission cell is described in Appen-
dix X2 of this practice.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres
D1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
Products
D5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and
Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Meth-
odology)
D5337 Practice for Setting and Verifying the Flow Rate of
Personal Sampling Pumps
D6196 Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Param-
eters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for
Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2024. Published November 2024. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7143 – 17.
DOI:10.1520/D7143-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

D6330 Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Com-
pounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-
Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Un-
der Deﬁned Test Conditions
D6670 Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of
Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
Products
D7339 Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic
Compounds Emitted from Carpet using a Speciﬁc Sorbent
Tube and Thermal Desorption / Gas Chromatography
2.2 Others Standards and Documents:
EN 196-1 Methods of Testing Cement—Part 1: Determina-
tion of Strength
3
EN 428 Resilient Floor Coverings—Determination of Over-
all Thickness
3
EN 430 Resilient Floor Coverings—Determination of Mass
per Unit Area
3
EN 927-1 Paints and Varnishes—Coating Materials and
Coating Systems for Exterior Wood
3
EN 1937 Test Method for Hydraulic Setting Floor Smooth-
ing and/or Leveling Compounds—Standard Mixing Pro-
cedures
3
EN 13892-1 Methods of Test for Screed Materials—Part 2:
Sampling, Making, and Curing Specimens for Test
3
ISO 554 Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and/or
Testing
4
ISO 1765 Machine-Made Textile Floor Coverings—
Determination of Thickness
4
ISO 2811 Paints and Varnishes—Determination of Density
4
ISO 3233 Paints and Varnishes—Determination of Percent-
age Volume of Non-Volatile Matter by Measuring the
Density of a Dried Coating
4
ISO 3251 Paints and Varnishes—Determination of Non-
Volatile Matter of Paints, Varnishes, and Binders for
Paints and Varnishes
4
ISO 8543 Textile Floor Coverings—Methods for Determi-
nation of Mass
4
ISO 16000-6 Indoor Air—Part 6: Determination of Volatile
Organic Compounds in Indoor and Test Chamber Air by
Active Sampling on Tenax TA Sorbent, Thermal Desorp-
tion and Gas Chromatography Using MS/FID
4
ISO 16000-9 Indoor Air—Part 9: Determination of the
Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Building
Products and Furnishing—Emission Test Chamber
Method
4
ISO 16000-10 Indoor Air—Part 10: Determination of the
Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Building
Products and Furnishing—Emission Test Cell Method
4
ISO 16017-1 Indoor, Ambient and Workplace Air—
Sampling and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds by
Sorbent Tube/Thermal Desorption/Capillary Gas
Chromatography—Part 1: Pumped Sampling
4
EPA-600/4-89/017 U.S. EPA Compendium of Methods for
Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient
Air.
5
This report contains U.S, EPA Method TO-17—
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient
Air using Active Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes.
Nordtest NT Build 438 (1995) Building Materials: Emission
of Volatile Chemicals—Field and Laboratory Emission
Cell
6
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions and terms commonly used
in ASTM standards, including this practice, refer to Terminol-
ogy D1356. For deﬁnitions and terms commonly used when
testing materials and products for VOC emissions, refer to
Guide D5116. For an explanation of general units, symbols and
conversion factors, refer to Practice D1914.
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 For the purposes of this practice, the following terms
and deﬁnitions apply.
3.2.2 emission cell, n—a portable device for the determina-
tion of volatile organic compounds emitted from indoor
materials/products.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The emission cell is placed against the
surface of the test specimen, such that the surface of the test
specimen itself becomes part of the emission cell. This is the
fundamental difference between emission cells and emission
chambers. The air inlet of the emission cell is designed such
that the ﬂow of air is directed over the surface of the test
specimen.
3.2.2.2 Discussion—An example emission cell is described
in Appendix X2.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Emission cells are suitable for relatively-homogeneous
indoor materials/products, which present a planar surface to the
emission cell.
NOTE 4—Small emissions chambers are similarly limited with respect
to sample inhomogeneity. To overcome this issue, with either emission
cells or small emission chambers, multiple measurements should be made
from different parts of the same sample in order to obtain an average
emission measurement.
4.2 Indoor materials/products which have a planar surface
(wood-based panel products, dried paints or coatings, ﬂooring
products, textiles, foams, polymer sheeting, dried adhesive
layers, and so forth) or which can be made to present a planar
surface to the emission cell (polymer beads, carpet, mold
cultures in Petri dishes, and so forth) are placed under the
emission cell such that the test specimen itself forms one face
of the emission cell. Pure, humidiﬁed air is passed into the cell
through a baffle around the perimeter such that it passes over
the whole surface of the test specimen. The temperature and
humidity are closely controlled. As air passes over the test
specimen, vapor-phase organics emitted from the surface are
3
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
5
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Order No.
PB90-116989, 5301 Shawnee Rd., Alexandria, VA 22312, http://www.ntis.gov.
6
Available from Nordtest, Slettetoften 9, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark, http://
www.nordtest.info.
D7143 − 24
2

swept away from the test specimen in the ﬂow of air. The
air/vapor exit (exhaust) point is usually located centrally,
immediately above the test specimen surface, to avoid unswept
volumes and sink effects (see 7.6 and Appendix X2). The
exhaust air is fully mixed such that air sampled at the exit point
is representative of the air in the cell. Approximately 80 % of
the ﬂow of air into the cell is pumped onto two sample tubes.
The excess air is allowed to exhaust through an overﬂow vent
to ensure that a slight positive pressure is maintained inside the
cell to prevent ingress of background air.
4.3 The air ﬂow rate is set such that the air velocity over the
surface of the test specimen has no effect on the area speciﬁc
emission rate (see 6.4). The emission tests are carried out at
ﬁxed times after preparation of the test specimen (for example,
after 2 h, 24 h, 72 h, 10 days, 28 days, 56 days, or 182 days (26
weeks)). Throughout the entire test period, test pieces shall
either be kept under the emission cell under the ﬂow of pure,
humidiﬁed air, or stored in a clean, well-ventilated
environment, under controlled conditions of temperature and
humidity, with no risk of contamination from other samples or
other emission sources.
NOTE 5—The air ﬂow rate at the surface of the test specimen is
particularly critical for wet indoor materials/products where the primary
emission process is evaporation (external diffusion). In these cases, while
it will remain possible to compare emission data from wet samples
collected using similar emission cells under identical conditions, the
non-uniformity and relative slowness of the air velocity at the surface of
the test specimen, will make it difficult to compare emission cell data with
that obtained using an emission chamber (see Appendix X4).
NOTE 6—Similar limitations make it difficult to compare emission data
from two different small chambers or from the same chamber under
different operating conditions, if that data is obtained during the drying/
curing stages of a wet product.
4.4 The sample tubes used for collecting VOCs are analyzed
by thermal desorption: gas chromatography (GC); usually with
mass spectrometry (MS) and ﬂame ionization detection (FID)
to identify and quantify the target volatile organic compounds
as described in Practice D6196, ISO 16000-6 or ISO 16017-1.
The measured masses of volatile organic compounds retained
by the sorbent tubes are then used to determine the area speciﬁc
emission rates of the material or product. Alternative sampling
and analytical techniques are used for formaldehyde (and for
other carbonyls) as described in Test Method D5197.
5. Signiﬁcance and Use
5.1 Indoor materials/products are products or materials used
for construction works or in the indoor environment. The area
speciﬁc emission rates of volatile organic compounds from an
indoor material/product may be used to estimate the expected
contribution of emissions from that material/product to the
atmosphere of a given indoor environment.
5.2 Emission data may also be used to compare and catego-
rize different indoor materials/products of similar function.
5.3 Emission cell testing of area speciﬁc emissions may
alternatively be used for studying secondary interactions (for
example, sink effects (absorption and re-emission of volatile
organics by the indoor material/product) or emissions gener-
ated by chemical degradation of the indoor material/product
caused by speciﬁc atmospheric agents such as water, ozone or
NO
x
).
6. Principles
6.1 General Principles:
6.1.1 Area speciﬁc emission rates at a given lapsed time (t)
are calculated from the masses of target volatile organic
compounds collected on the sample tubes, the ﬂow of air
pumped through each sample tube, the total ﬂow of air entering
the emission cell, the duration of the test and the exposed
surface area of the test specimen. Area speciﬁc emission rates
at a given lapsed time (t) can also be expressed as a function of
the emission cell air concentrations for each VOC and the area
speciﬁc air ﬂow rate, q.
6.1.2 Air velocity at the surface of the test specimen
(Appendix X3 and Appendix X4) is a critical parameter for the
analysis of wet-applied indoor materials/products during the
drying/curing stage when the dominant emission mechanism is
evaporation (external diffusion) (see 6.4).
6.2 Using Emission Data to Estimate Contribution to Atmo-
spheric VOC Concentration Indoors:
6.2.1 Provided the area speciﬁc air ﬂow rate over the surface
of the test specimen is similar to that found in the built
environment, and provided the surface of the indoor material/
product is sufficiently homogeneous to ensure that the area of
the test specimen exposed in the emission cell is representative
of the whole; area speciﬁc emission rates determined by these
tests can be used to estimate the likely contribution to
atmospheric VOC concentrations from that indoor material/
product in real use, at time (t) after installation/application
(assuming similar nominal conditions of temperature and
humidity).
6.3 Intercomparison of Emission Data:
6.3.1 Provided the test conditions are duplicated, area spe-
ciﬁc emission rate data generated from these tests may be used
for comparison with area speciﬁc emission rate data produced
for the same or similar products by other laboratories using
similar emission cells.
NOTE 7—The principles described in 6.2 and 6.3 are true for all
applicable product types, whatever the dominant process of emission.
6.4 Effect of the Emission Mechanism on Test Data and
Comparison of Test Data:
6.4.1 Provided the dominant emission mechanism is (inter-
nal) diffusion, not evaporation (external diffusion), area spe-
ciﬁc emission rate data will be broadly independent of air
velocity over the surface of the indoor material/product. This
will remain true provided the surface air velocity exceeds the
minimum velocity required to prevent build up of vapor-phase
contaminants at the surface of the indoor material/product (see
Appendix X4).
6.4.2 Provided the dominant emission mechanism from a
material/product is internal diffusion, it is possible to compare
area speciﬁc emission rates generated from emission cells
under different air ﬂow conditions or to compare area speciﬁc
emission rate data generated by emission cells with that
obtained using test chambers (Guide D5116 or ISO 16000-9)
(see Appendix X4).
D7143 − 24
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标签： #规程 #化合物 #测定

摘要：

本文介绍ASTM D7143-24标准，全称为《用于测定室内材料/产品挥发性有机化合物排放量的排放室标准实施规程》。该标准由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布，旨在规范室内材料（如建筑材料、家具、装饰品等）挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的排放测试方法，使用可控环境的排放舱进行采样与分析。遵循ASTM D7143标准，制造商、检测机构及室内空气质量研究人员可准确评估产品在模拟室内环境下的VOCs释放特性，从而优化绿色建材配方、确保产品符合环保法规要求，并降低对人体健康的潜在威胁。本文详细解读该标准的

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