ASTM C1238 - 24 步进金属探测器安装标准指南

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Designation: C1238 −24
Standard Guide for
Installation of Walk-Through Metal Detectors
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes various elements (for examples,
see Appendix X2) to be considered when planning to install
walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs). The installation of
WTMDs should only be accomplished by manufacturer-trained
staff/personnel.
1.2 This guide applies to either permanent or temporary
installations of a WTMD.
1.3 This guide applies to active WTMDs, which generate a
magnetic ﬁeld for the purpose of detecting metallic weapons
for contraband, and does not apply to magnetometers, which
are passive and use the Earth’s magnetic ﬁeld as the basis of
detecting metallic weapons and contraband.
1.4 This guide is not intended to set performance levels, nor
is it intended to limit or constrain operational technologies.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
F3566 Performance Speciﬁcations and Test Methods for
Walk-Through Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Secu-
rity
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.1.1 alarm, n—an indication that informs the operator of an
event, such as metal detection or a walk-through metal detector
(WTMD) status change. F3566 – 22
3.1.2 alarm, unintended, n—an alarm caused by (1) outside
interferences, environmental conditions, operational
conditions, etc., not related to the sensitivity settings of the
WTMD and which may occur when a person is or is not
transiting through the portal of the WTMD or (2) a metal object
for which an alarm is not expected because of its size, shape,
and material of construction and the sensitivity setting(s) of the
WTMD.
3.1.3 discrimination, n—the ability of the WTMD to alarm
on metallic threat objects and not alarm on non-threat (or
innocuous) metallic objects; WTMD discrimination is depen-
dent on the threat object, the innocuous object, and the WTMD
operational settings.
3.1.4 threat object, n—a device intended to do damage to
personnel or equipment and requiring the attacker to physically
activate or use the device.
3.1.5 throughput rate, n—the actual rate at which a WTMD
can screen personnel for a given application.
3.1.6 walk-through metal detector, n—a device using mag-
netic induction to detect metallic objects; the device is an
active detector that generates energy within the portal region of
the detector; the interaction of the generated magnetic ﬁeld
with certain types of objects in the portal region of the detector
and the ability to detect this interaction is the basis of operation
for the WTMD. F3566 – 22
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
4.1 This guide is intended for use by the designers, the
evaluators, and the users of WTMDs that are installed to screen
persons entering or leaving a controlled access or other
designated area. This guide is not meant to constrain design
liberty but is to be used as a guide in the selection of location
and installation of WTMDs.
5. Safety Considerations
5.1 Warning signs should be posted if the WTMD’s elec-
tromagnetic ﬁeld strength is of such a magnitude that personal
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security
Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.60 on
Controlled Access Security, Search, and Screening Equipment.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2024. Published October 2024. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as C1238 – 97 (2021).
DOI: 10.1520/C1238-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

medical devices may be affected or damaged when they pass

through the portal. See Performance Speciﬁcations and Test

Methods F3566. If individuals are allowed to bypass the

WTMD, the installation should accommodate alternate screen-

ing methods (that is, hand-held metal detector, pat search, etc.)

that may be necessary to screen these individuals.

5.2 Local ﬁre and safety codes should be reviewed concern-

ing requirements for areas selected for WTMD installation.

WTMD installations needing exemption from the ﬁre and

safety requirements should be approved in advance.

6. Throughput Consideration

6.1 The rate at which persons may be screened is generally

an important factor in security applications. WTMDs should be

capable of supporting changes in transient traffic ﬂow such as

found during shift changes.

6.1.1 Throughput rate is dependent on WTMD model but

should be consistent amongst units of a given model. Through-

put rate requirements will vary between different security

applications. Applications that require high-sensitivity settings

will have lower throughput rate.

6.1.2 Once the application-speciﬁc throughput rate for a

detector model has been established, the number of detector

lanes required to achieve system throughput at peak times can

be calculated.

7. Other Considerations

7.1 Identify and review applicable regulatory orders and

policies of appropriate regulatory agencies for information

pertinent to metal detector installation and operation.

7.2 Assess the building power, including emergency

back-up power, to ensure that its quality is sufficient to ensure

that the walk-through metal detector performs per its require-

ments. If the quality is not sufficient, power/line ﬁlters or

regulators may need to be used. WTMDs required to operate

when power has been interrupted, must be connected to outlets

supported by portable generator systems or an uninterruptible

power supply system.

7.3 Establish an appropriate communications interface if the

alarms are to be recorded or remotely monitored. Wireless

communication interface systems should be considered to

reduce infrastructure costs.

7.4 Where it is necessary to operate metal detectors in close

proximity to each other, they should be from the same

manufacturer and be the same model so that the WTMDs may

be adjusted to operate without interfering with each other. If it

is necessary to operate metal detectors of different models or

manufacturers, a test should be conducted for interference

before the detectors are installed. Where metal detectors are not

compatible, it may be necessary to isolate the WTMDs from

each other based on the manufacturer’s recommendations.

7.5 Ensure that the WTMD will operate as required over the

expected range of environmental factors (temperature,

humidity, etc.) and for the electromagnetic environment in

which they are installed. See Appendix X2 for examples of

interference sources.

8. Layout of the Installation Site

8.1 The site layout for the WTMD should take into consid-

eration the pattern of traffic ﬂow, the number of available

personnel for operation and response, and monitoring. See

Appendix X1.

8.2 Installation of the WTMD should be arranged to mini-

mize unintended alarms from outside interference (see Appen-

dix X2 for examples), which may cause operators to lose

conﬁdence in the performance of the WTMD and thus com-

promise security.

8.2.1 Layout of the area selected for WTMD installation

should provide adequate space for calibration and maintenance

of the WTMD.

8.2.2 Locate the WTMD so that it does not block or restrict

access to doors, duct work, piping, and other equipment.

8.2.3 The site layout should provide an alternate means to

screen personnel while the metal detector is out of service.

8.3 Since metal-detector portal width is typically less than

the minimum doorway width required by the Life Safety

Codes, bypass routes that meet the Life Safety Codes require-

ments should be included in the layout design. If no other

bypass or alternate egress routes are available, the WTMD

portal width must comply with the American with Disabilities

Act of 1990, as Amended (portal width 32 in. or greater is

required).

8.4 For permanent installations, the WTMD should be

securely anchored to a solid or rigid surface to prevent swaying

or tip-over. Raised computer room ﬂoors are not solid and

should be avoided.

8.5 A WTMD will respond to nearby moving metal objects,

but its sensitivity is less for moving material outside of the

portal area. Work with the manufacturer of the WTMD, in

advance of the installation, to determine for agency operational

requirements, the optimal separation between the WTMD and

the moving metal objects.

9. Interferences to Metal Detector Operations

9.1 If two or more metal detectors are operating in close

proximity, they should be adjusted according to the manufac-

turer’s recommendations. See 7.4.

9.2 Very large metal objects such as metal plates or sheets,

within 1 m of the WTMD, can reduce its detection sensitivity.

If a large metal object is relocated near a metal detector, then

recalibration and sensitivity testing is required. The WTMD

should have the ability to compensate for rebar in concrete

ﬂoors. Test methods for metal interference are described in

Performance Speciﬁcations and Test Methods F3566 – 22.

9.3 The WTMD may alarm if it moves or vibrates. To

minimize this potential problem, the WTMD should be an-

chored to a solid and rigid surface. If the WTMD is located in

areas where wind will affect performance, such as an outdoor

location, a WTMD with the ability to adjust or compensate for

wind should be considered.

9.4 For high-sensitivity operations, which necessitates ad-

justing the WTMD sensitivity settings so that it can detect

small metallic threat objects, the effect of nearby moving

C1238 − 24

metallic objects may cause more alarms than would occur for

typical WTMD sensitivity settings. Examples of nearby mov-

ing metal objects are doors, conveyors, fans, elevators,

vehicles, metal carts, and vibrating walls (for example, those

constructed using sheet metal or aluminum studs).

9.5 Sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) should

be electrically isolated, moved, or shielded to reduce their

effects on WTMD performance. EMI may be conducted (via

power mains, communication lines) or be radiated (lighting,

instrumentation, motors, etc.). Test methods for EMI that are

important to WTMD performance are described in Perfor-

mance Speciﬁcations and Test Methods F3566 – 22.

10. Selecting and Installing Equipment

10.1 When selecting and installing walk-through metal

detectors, the physical and electrical compatibility of the metal

detector with other equipment that may be installed nearby,

such as X-ray equipment, whole body imaging devices, explo-

sive detectors, and special nuclear materials detectors must be

considered. See Appendix X2.

10.2 The equipment controls and alarm sensitivity settings

that are available to operating personnel should be provided

with a lock and tamper alarm, or a keyed or password lockout,

so that only authorized personnel have access to these controls.

11. Training

11.1 The manufacturer should provide training for the

operation of the WTMD.

12. Keywords

12.1 metal detector; walk-through metal detector

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. SPACE REQUIREMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR METAL DETECTOR INSTALLATION

Need Reason

Separation between WTMDs are required by manufacturer Interferences

Separate entry, exit lanes Throughput efficiency; control of traffic

By-pass lanes Safety, ADA; throughput efficiency

Nearby doors Physical limitations; interferences; safety

Vertical clearance Physical limitations; safety

Access control Control

X2. POSSIBLE CAUSES OF INTERFERENCES

Possible Cause Interferences

Movable metal carts nearby High unintended alarms

Elevators High unintended alarms

Conveyors High unintended alarms

Vehicles High unintended alarms

Moving metal doors High unintended alarms; may lower sensitivity

Ventilation ductwork May lower sensitivity; vibration may cause

unintended alarms

Unstable ﬂoor, mounting platform Vibration gives varied response; unintended

alarms

Electrical interferences (including lighting) and wiring Varied response; unintended alarms

Other nearby equipment (X-ray, explosive

detectors, other detectors, etc.)

Possible equipment interactions

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned

in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ﬁve years and

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards

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This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

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C1238 − 24

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