ASTM C1218 - C 1218M - 20

VIP免费

Carl 2024-09-02 21 87.32KB 3 页 8星币

Designation: C1218/C1218M −20
Standard Test Method for
Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1218/C1218M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling
and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for
chloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
notes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
Cement
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C823/C823M Practice for Examination and Sampling of
Hardened Concrete in Constructions
C1084 Test Method for Portland-Cement Content of Hard-
ened Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
D1193 Speciﬁcation for Reagent Water
E11 Speciﬁcation for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
E832 Speciﬁcation for Laboratory Filter Papers
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 For deﬁnitions of terms used in this test method, refer
to Terminology C125.
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
4.1 Water-soluble chloride, if present in sufficient amount, is
capable of initiating or accelerating the corrosion of some
metallic materials embedded in or contacting cementitious
mixtures such as mortar and concrete. Chloride content, along
with other factors, can be indicators for the possibility of
corrosion of embedded metallic materials. This test method is
used to determine the water-soluble chloride content in cemen-
titious mixtures, either in new construction or existing struc-
tures.
NOTE 1—Water-soluble chloride content can vary with time. For
example, water-soluble chloride content could increase due to additional
chloride ingress. Alternatively, water-soluble chloride content could de-
crease due to chloride-binding or leaching.
4.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble
chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results
from this test method with those from other test methods.
4.2 Sulﬁdes are known to interfere with the determination of
chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements
contain sulﬁde sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such
interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treat-
ment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods
C114, is used to eliminate such interference.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.69 on Miscellaneous Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published July 2020. Originally approved
in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1218/C1218M – 17. DOI:
10.1520/C1218_C1218M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

4.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not
available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use
of this test method.
3
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sampling Equipment:
5.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples by
coring or sawing is described in Test Method C42/C42M.
5.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling
(pulverization):
5.1.2.1 Rotary impact drill or drill with pulverizing bits.
5.1.2.2 Spoon or other suitable means to collect without
contamination pulverized sample material produced by drill-
ing.
5.1.2.3 Sample containers capable of maintaining samples
in an uncontaminated state.
5.2 Sample Processing Apparatus—The apparatus required
for processing samples shall be chosen for its suitability for the
purposes of the investigation, and frequently includes a con-
crete saw and one or more pulverizers.
5.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm [1 in.] in maximum
dimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher or
broken into smaller pieces by hammering carefully to avoid
loss of smaller pieces.
5.2.2 Crush particles less than 25 mm [1 in.] in maximum
dimension using a rotating-puck grinding apparatus, or by
using a disc pulverizer, or mortar and pestle operated to restrict
to negligible levels the loss of ﬁne particles.
5.2.3 The 850-µm (No. 20) sieve shall comply with Speci-
ﬁcation E11.
5.3 The apparatus required for the chloride determination
step is given as the reference test method for chloride in Test
Methods C114.
5.4 Glazed paper to minimize adherence of ﬁne particles for
use as described in 8.1.
6. Reagents
6.1 The reagents required for the chloride determination are
given in the reference test method for chloride of Test Methods
C114.
7. Sampling
7.1 Select the sample as required for the purpose of the
investigation (Note 2).
NOTE 2—Because of the small nominal maximum size of the aggregate
in a mortar, pieces of mortar having a mass of at least 10 g will be more
representative of a much larger volume of mortar than would an
equivalently sized sample of concrete. Practice C823/C823M may be used
as a guide for sampling.
7.1.1 Take concrete cores in accordance with Test Method
C42/C42M unless otherwise speciﬁed (Note 3):
NOTE 3—Concrete cores taken in accordance with Test Method
C42/C42M may be cut longitudinally to provide a 12-mm [
1
⁄
2
-in.] thick
section generally representative of the core, or cut laterally into 12-mm
[
1
⁄
2
-in.] thick discs representative of the concrete core at various depths.
Experience has shown that the cooling water from core cutting will not
dissolve a signiﬁcant amount of the chloride.
7.1.2 Powdered concrete obtained by use of a rotary impact
drill is frequently useful in determining chloride concentration
with depth in bridge decks and pavements. When the nominal
maximum coarse aggregate size is 25 mm [1 in.] or more such
samples are unrepresentative. The data must be used with care
or several samples combined. Procedures for this method of
sampling are as follows:
7.1.2.1 Using the rotary impact drill, drill perpendicular to
the concrete surface or parallel to the axis of a cored specimen
to a speciﬁed depth or a depth sufficient to obtain a represen-
tative sample of at least 20 g of powdered material. To prevent
sample contamination, avoid contact of sample with hands and
other sources of perspiration. Clean all sampling tools prior to
each sampling operation (Note 4). Do not use lubricants during
drilling.
NOTE 4—Sampling tools may be cleaned with a brush, cloth, ethyl
alcohol rinse, water rinse, or other method that will not contaminate the
sample.
7.1.2.2 Transfer powdered sample into the sample container
using a spoon or other suitable means.
8. Sample Preparation
8.1 Pulverize the sample so that all the material will pass a
850-µm (No. 20) sieve. Thoroughly blend the material by
transferring it from one glazed paper to another at least ten
times.
9. Procedure
9.1 Select a sample having a mass of approximately 10 g.
Weigh the sample to the nearest 0.01 g and place it into a
250-mL beaker. Add 50 61 mL of reagent water meeting
Speciﬁcation D1193, cover with a watch glass, bring to a boil
and boil for 5 min. Allow to stand 24 h. Filter by gravity or
suction through a ﬁne-texture, Type II, Class G ﬁlter paper of
Speciﬁcation E832. Transfer the ﬁltrate to a 250-mL beaker.
Add 3 60.1 mL of (1:1) nitric acid and add 3 60.1 mL of
hydrogen peroxide (30 % solution) to the ﬁltrate. Cover the
beaker with a watch glass and allow to stand for 1 to 2 min.
Heat the covered beaker rapidly to boiling. Do not allow to boil
for more than a few seconds. Remove from hot plate (Note 5).
Proceed in accordance with the reference test method for
chloride of Test Methods C114, starting with the procedure that
follows removal of the sample from the hot plate in Test
Methods C114.
NOTE 5—It is important to keep the beaker covered during heating and
digestion to prevent the loss of chloride by volatilization.
10. Calculation
10.1 Calculate percent chloride by mass of mortar or
concrete, by the reference test method for chloride given in
Test Methods C114.
10.2 Other useful measures of chloride concentration can be
obtained as follows:
3
For more information, see Hope, B. B., Page, J. A., and Poland, J. S., “The
Determination of the Chloride Content of Concrete,” Cement and Concrete
Research, Vol 15, No. 5, Pergamon Press, New York, September 1985, pp. 863–870.
C1218/C1218M − 20
2

10.2.1 For calculating kilograms of chloride per cubic metre

[pounds of chloride per cubic yard] of concrete, multiply

percent chloride by D

/100 or D

/100,

where:

= oven-dry density as determined in the section on

Concrete Density in Test Method C1084, kg/m

[lb/

], and

= saturated-surface-dry density as determined in the

section on Concrete Density in Test Method C1084,

kg/m

[lb/yd

The report must state which density is used in the calcula-

tion.

10.2.2 For calculating percent chloride by mass of cement,

multiply percent chloride by 100/P,

where:

P= percent cement by mass in the mortar or concrete, as

known or determined in accordance with Test Method

C1084.

11. Precision and Bias

11.1 Precision:

11.1.1 Single-Operator Precision—The single-operator

standard deviation has been found to be 0.0013 % chloride by

mass of mortar or concrete. Therefore, results of two properly

conducted tests by the same operator on the same material are

not expected to differ by more than 0.0037 %.

11.1.2 Multilaboratory Precision—The multilaboratory

standard deviation has been found to be 0.0037 % chloride by

mass of mortar or concrete. Therefore, results of two properly

conducted tests from two different laboratories on specimens of

the same material are not expected to differ by more than

0.0106 %

(Note 6).

NOTE 6—These precision statements apply to tests of samples prepared

and ground by a single laboratory. The precision statements are based on

samples passing a 600-µm (No. 30) sieve instead of an 850-µm (No. 20)

sieve and on a 1 min boil instead of a 5 min boil. It is the opinion of the

committee that this difference in procedure should not signiﬁcantly

inﬂuence the precision beyond what is presented here. Test results of

concrete construction will vary depending upon the method of obtaining

the sample and the size of the sample before it is crushed and reduced to

pass the 850-µm (No. 20) sieve or pulverized. The effect may be small for

large concrete cores or from mortars sectioned vertically to appreciable for

large aggregate concrete sampled by rotary impact drilling with small

diameter drills. A copy of the research report used to develop the precision

statements is available by request.

11.2 Bias—The procedure in this test method has no bias

because the value of water-soluble chloride is deﬁned by the

procedure.

12. Keywords

12.1 chloride; chloride content; concrete; mortar; water-

soluble chloride

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C09 has identiﬁed the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue

(C1218/C1218M – 17) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2020.)

(1) Revised 2.1 and Section 11.(2) Added Section 3.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned

in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ﬁve years and

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards

and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the

responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should

make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above

address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website

(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222

Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

These numbers represent the difference limits (d2s) as described in Practice

C670.

Supporting data have been ﬁled at ASTM International Headquarters and may

be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C09-1003. Contact ASTM Customer

Service at service@astm.org.

C1218/C1218M − 20

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

亲，本站95%以上的标准规范都面向会员免费，办理VIP会员下载更省钱，平均每篇不到2元

立即下载 VIP免费下载

已全部加载

摘要：

ASTM C1218 - C 1218M - 20 是一项由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的标准测试方法，专门用于定量测定硬化水泥砂浆和混凝土中水溶性氯离子的含量。该标准通过改进的萃取与滴定流程，确保检测结果的准确性与可重复性，对于评估混凝土结构中的钢筋腐蚀风险、保障海洋工程及寒冷地区除冰盐暴露环境下的建筑耐久性具有关键意义。文档涵盖了从样品制备、试剂规格到计算结果的全流程规范，适用于施工验收、材料质量监控及寿命预测研究。若您需要了解混凝土氯离子含量测试规范的最新要求，或将 ASTM C12

展开>> 收起<<

ASTM C1218 - C 1218M - 20.pdf

共3页,预览3页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

声明：本文档系会员上传，若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知，我们立即给予侵权申诉删除！

ASTM C1218 - C 1218M - 20

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

相关内容

热门标签

举报选择: