ASTM B865 - 2025 沉淀硬化镍铜铝合金棒材、棒材、线材、锻件和锻坯的标准规范

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Designation: B865 −25
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Precipitation Hardening Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy
Bar, Rod, Wire, Forgings, and Forging Stock
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers nickel-copper-aluminum alloy
(UNS N05500) in the form of rounds, squares, hexagons, or
rectangles, and forgings and forging stock, manufactured either
by hot working or cold working, and cold-worked wire.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
with all hazards including those identiﬁed in the appropriate
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material
as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate
safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Al-
loys
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
terials
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
terials
E29 Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Speciﬁcations
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
Hardness, Superﬁcial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
E1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel,
Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
2.2 Federal Standards:
3
Fed. Std. No. 102 Preservation, Packaging, and Packing
Levels
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
Fed. Std. No. 182 Continuous Identiﬁcation Marking of
Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloys
2.3 Military Standards:
3
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements for
Metals
3. Terminology
3.1 For deﬁnitions of terms used in this speciﬁcation, refer
to Terminology B899.
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 bar, n—material of rectangular (ﬂats), hexagonal, or
square solid section up to and including 10 in. (254 mm) in
width and
1
⁄
8
in. (3.2 mm) and over in thickness in straight
lengths.
3.2.2 rod, n—material of round solid section furnished in
straight lengths.
3.2.3 wire, n—a cold-worked solid product of uniform
round cross section along its whole length, supplied in coil
form.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this speciﬁcation should include
the following information:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.2 Alloy name or UNS number,
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B02.07 on Reﬁned Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys.
Current edition approved July 1, 2025. Published July 2025. Originally approved
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as B865 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/
B0865-25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

4.1.3 Shape—rod (round) or bar (square, hexagonal, or
rectangular),
4.1.3.1 Forging (sketch or drawing),
4.1.4 Dimensions, including length,
4.1.5 Condition,
4.1.6 Forging stock—Specify if material is stock for
reforging,
4.1.7 Finish,
4.1.8 Quantity—feet or number of pieces, and
4.1.9 Samples for product (check) analysis—State whether
samples for product (check) analysis should be furnished, and
4.1.10 Purchaser inspection—If purchaser wishes to witness
tests or inspection of material at place of manufacture, the
purchase order must so state indicating which test or inspec-
tions are to be witnessed.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The material shall conform to the composition limits
speciﬁed in Table 1.
5.2 If a product (check) analysis is performed by the
purchaser, the material shall conform to the product (check)
analysis variations in Table 1.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 Mechanical Properties—The material in the unaged
condition shall conform to the mechanical properties speciﬁed
in Table 2. After aging, the material shall conform to the
mechanical properties speciﬁed in Table 3 and Table 4.
7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
7.1 Diameter, Thickness, or Width—The permissible varia-
tions from the speciﬁed dimensions as measured on the
diameter or between parallel surfaces of cold-worked rod and
bar shall be as prescribed in Table 5; of hot-worked rod and bar
as prescribed in Table 6; and of wire as prescribed in Table 5.
7.2 Out-of-Round—Hot-worked rods and cold-worked rods
(except “forging quality”) of all sizes, in straight lengths, shall
not be out-of-round by more than one half the total permissible
variations in diameter shown in Table 6 and Table 5, except for
hot-worked rods
1
⁄
2
in. (12.7 mm) in diameter and under, which
may be out-of-round by the total permissible variations in
diameter shown in Table 6. Cold-worked wire shall not be
out-of-round by more than one-half the total permissible
variations in diameter shown in Table 5.
7.3 Edges—Square, rectangular, and hexagonal bar and rod
shall have angles and corners consistent with commercial
practice.
7.4 Machining Allowances for Hot-Worked Materials—
When the surfaces of hot-worked products are to be machined,
the allowances prescribed in Table 7 are recommended for
normal machining operations.
7.5 Length—The permissible variations in length of cold-
worked and hot-worked rod and bar shall be as prescribed in
Table 8.
7.5.1 Rods and bars ordered to random or nominal lengths
will be furnished with either cropped or saw-cut ends; material
ordered to cut lengths will be furnished with square, saw-cut,
or machined ends.
7.6 Straightness:
7.6.1 The permissible variations in straightness of
precision-straightened cold-worked rod and bar as determined
by the departure from straightness shall be as speciﬁed in Table
9.
7.6.2 The permissible variations in straightness of hot-
worked, cold-worked, rough-turned, and machined rod and bar
as determined by the departure from straightness shall be as
speciﬁed in Table 10.
7.6.2.1 In determining straightness in the standard 42 in.
(1.07 mm) distance between supports or, when speciﬁed, in
determining straightness in length not in excess of those shown
in Table 9, the rod shall be placed on a precision table equipped
with ball bearing rollers and a micrometer or dial indicator. The
rod then shall be rotated slowly against the indicator, and the
deviation from straightness in any portion of the rod between
the supports shall not exceed the permissible variations pre-
scribed in Table 10. The deviation from straightness (throw in
one revolution) is deﬁned as the difference between the
maximum and minimum readings of the dial indicator in one
complete revolution of the rod.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A
Element Composition Limits, %
Product (check) analysis
variations, under min or
over max, of the speciﬁed
limit of element, %
Nickel
B
63.0 min 0.45
Aluminum 2.30–3.15 0.20
Carbon 0.18 0.01
Iron 2.0 0.05
Manganese 1.5 0.04
Silicon 0.50 0.03
Titanium 0.35–0.85 0.03 min
... ... 0.04 max
Sulfur 0.010 0.003
Copper 27.0–33.0 0.15 min
... ... 0.20 max
A
Values in the table are maximums, unless a range or a minimum is indicated.
B
Iron (or nickel) shall be determined arithmetically by difference.
TABLE 2 Mechanical Properties—Unaged
A
(Bar, Rod, Forgings)
Form Condition
Hardness
Brinell
3000 kg, max Rockwell, max
Rounds,
B
hexagons,
squares, rectangles, and
forgings
Hot-worked 245 C23
Hexagons Cold-worked 260 C26
Rounds: ... ... ...
1
⁄
4
(6.4 mm) to 1 in.
(25.4 mm), incl
Cold-worked 280 C29
Over 1 (25.4 mm) to 3 in.
(76.2 mm), incl
Cold-worked 260 C26
Over 3 (76.2 mm) to 4 in.
(101.6 mm), incl
Cold-worked 240 C22
Rounds, hexagons,
squares, rectangles, and
forgings
Hot-worked or cold-
worked and annealed
185 B90
A
No tensile tests are required except as provided for in 9.2.3.
B
Rounds over 4
1
⁄
4
in. (108.0 mm) in diameter shall have hardness of 260 BHN,
max.
B865 − 25
2

7.7 Forging—Dimensions and tolerances shall be as speci-

ﬁed on the order, sketch, or drawing.

7.8 Forging Stock—Dimensions and tolerances shall be as

agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

8.1 The material shall be uniform in quality and condition,

smooth, commercially straight or ﬂat, and free of injurious

imperfections.

9. Sampling

9.1 Lot—Deﬁnition:

9.1.1 A lot for chemical analysis shall consist of one heat.

9.1.2 A lot for mechanical properties testing shall consist of

all material from the same heat, same nominal cross-sectional

or forging size, and condition.

9.1.2.1 A lot for forging stock shall consist of one heat.

TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties—Age-Hardened

(Bar, Rod, and Forgings)

Form Condition Maximum Section

Thickness, in. (mm)

Tensile

Strength, min,

ksi (MPa)

Yield Strength

0.2 % offset,

min, ksi (MPa)

Elongation

in 2 in. or 4D,

min,%

Hardness

Brinell 3000

kg, min

Rockwell

C, min

Rounds,

hexagons, squares,

rectangles, and forgings

Hot-worked and age-

hardened

All sizes 140 (965) 100 (690) 20.0 265 27

Rounds Cold-worked and

⁄

(6.4) to 1 (25.4), incl 145 (1000) 110 (760) 15.0 300 32

age-hardened over 1 (25.4) to 3

(76.2), incl

140 (965) 100 (690) 17.0 280 29

over 3 (76.2) to 4

(101.6), incl

135 (930) 95 (655) 20.0 255 25

Hexagons Cold-worked and age-

hardened

⁄

(6.4) to 2 (50.8), incl 140 (965) 100 (690) 15.0 265 27

Rounds, hexagons, squares, Annealed and age- Up to 1 (25.4) 130 (895) 90 (620) 20.0 250 24

rectangles, and forgings hardened

1 (25.4) and over 130 (895) 85 (585) 20.0 250 24

Age hardening heat treatment:

Age hardening shall be accomplished by holding at an aim temperature of 1100 °F (595 °C) for 8 h to 16 h followed by furnace cooling to 900 °F (480 °C) at a rate of

15 °F to 25 °F (10 °C to 15 °C) per hour and then air cooling. An alternate procedure consists of holding at 1100 °F (595 °C) for up to 16 h, furnace cooling to 1000 °F

(540 °C), holding for approximately 6 h, furnace cooling to 900 °F (480 °C), holding for approximately 8 h, and air cooling to room temperature.

(Mill age-hardened products have been precipitation heat treated by the manufacturer and further thermal treatment normally is not required. Hot-worked, cold-worked,

or annealed material is normally age hardened by the purchaser after forming or machining.)

Not applicable to subsize tensile specimens less than 0.250 in. (6.4 mm) in diameter.

Hardness values are given for information only and are not the basis for acceptance or rejection.

Rounds over 4

⁄

in. (108.0 mm) in diameter shall have an elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm) or 4D of 17 %, min.

When speciﬁed, for forged rings and discs, hardness measurements may be utilized in lieu of tensile test.

Applicable to both hot-worked and cold-worked material.

TABLE 4 Tensile Strength of Cold-Drawn Wire in Coils

Condition and Size, in. (mm) Tensile Strength, min,

ksi (MPa)

Cold-worked, as-worked, all sizes 110–155 (760–1070)

Cold-worked and annealed, all sizes 110 (760)

Cold-worked, spring temper, as-drawn 0.057 (1.45)

and less

165 (1140)

Over 0.057 to 0.114 (1.45 to 2.90), incl 155 (1070)

Over 0.114 to 0.229 (2.90 to 5.82), incl 150 (1035)

Over 0.229 to 0.312 (5.82 to 7.92), incl 145 (1000)

Over 0.312 to 0.375 (7.92 to 9.52), incl 135 (930)

Over 0.375 to 0.437 (9.52 to 11.10), incl 125 (860)

Over 0.437 to 0.563 (11.10 to 14.30), incl 120 (825)

Cold-worked, annealed, and age-hardened,

all sizes 130 (895)

Cold-worked, as drawn, age-hardened,

all sizes 155 (1070)

Cold-worked, spring temper, and age-hardened

...

Up to 0.114 (2.90), incl 180 (1240)

Over 0.114 to 0.375 (2.90 to 9.52), incl 170 (1170)

Over 0.375 to 0.563 (9.52 to 14.30), incl 160 (1105)

Minimum and maximum.

Maximum.

Applicable to material in coil. For material in straightened and cut lengths, deduct

15 ksi (105 MPa) from above values.

Age hardening heat treatment:

Age hardening shall be accomplished by holding at an aim temperature of

1100 °F (595 °C) for 8 h to 16 h followed by furnace cooling to 900 °F (480 °C) at

a rate of 15 °F to 25 °F (10 °C to 15 °C) per hour and then air cooling. An alternate

procedure consists of holding at 1100 °F (595 °C) for up to 16 h, furnace cooling

to 1000 °F (540 °C), holding for approximately 6 h, furnace cooling to 900 °F

(480 °C), holding for approximately 8 h, and air cooling to room temperature.

(Mill age-hardened products have been precipitation heat treated by the

manufacturer and further thermal treatment is not normally required. Hot-worked,

cold-worked, or annealed material is normally age hardened by the purchaser after

forming or machining.)

TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Diameter or Distance Between

Parallel Surfaces of Cold-Worked Rod and Bar

Speciﬁed Dimension,

in. (mm)

Permissible Variations From

Speciﬁed Dimension, in. (mm)

Plus Minus

Rounds:

⁄

(1.6) to

⁄

(4.8), excl 0 0.002 (0.05)

⁄

(4.8) to

⁄

(12.7), excl 0 0.003 (0.08)

⁄

(12.7) to

⁄

(23.8), incl 0 0.002 (0.05)

Over

⁄

(23.8) to 1

⁄

(49.2), incl 0 0.003 (0.08)

Over 1

⁄

(49.2) to 2

⁄

(63.5), incl 0 0.004 (0.10)

Over 2

⁄

(63.5) to 3 (76.2), incl 0 0.005 (0.13)

Over 3 (76.2) to 3

⁄

(88.9), incl 0 0.006 (0.15)

Over 3

⁄

(88.9) to 4 (101.6), incl 0 0.007 (0.18)

Hexagons, squares, rectangles:

⁄

(12.7) and less 0 0.004 (0.10)

Over

⁄

(12.7) to

⁄

(22.2), incl 0 0.005 (0.13)

Over

⁄

(22.2) to 1

⁄

(31.8), incl 0 0.007 (0.18)

Over 1

⁄

(31.8) to 2 (50.8), incl 0 0.009 (0.23)

Dimensions apply to diameter of rounds, to distance between parallel surfaces of

hexagons and squares, and separately to width and thickness of rectangles.

For cold-worked, age-hardened, bright ﬁnish shafting, an additional minus 0.002

(0.05) tolerance will be permitted.

B865 − 25

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本页提供关于ASTM B865 - 2025标准规范的详细介绍，该标准涵盖沉淀硬化镍铜铝合金（如Monel K-500类合金）的棒材、棒材、线材、锻件和锻坯的技术要求、化学成分、力学性能、热处理条件、尺寸公差及测试方法。该规范适用于海洋工程、化工设备、石油天然气及高强度抗腐蚀领域中对耐蚀性和强度要求极高的组件制造。通过阅读此文档，工程师、采购人员和质量检验员可快速了解最新的材料等级定义、认证流程及合规性指导，确保选材与加工符合2025年最新版行业标准要求。

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