ASTM C1846-C 1846M-19 (2024) 钢筋混凝土涵洞、雨水管和污水管基于性能的制造标准规范

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Designation: C1846/C1846M −19 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1846/C1846M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This performance based speciﬁcation covers reinforced
concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of
sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the con-
struction of culverts.
1.2 It is not the intention of this standard to dictate the
material quantities and properties required for a pipe to
conform to this standard except those in Section 6. Speciﬁc
product formulations shall be considered proprietary and
allowed to remain conﬁdential to the manufacturer.
NOTE 1—This speciﬁcation is a manufacturing and purchase speciﬁca-
tion only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backﬁll, or the
relationship between ﬁeld load condition and the strength classiﬁcation of
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type
of bedding and backﬁll, and care that installation conforms to the
construction speciﬁcations. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe
speciﬁed herein is cautioned that he must correlate the ﬁeld requirements
with the class of pipe speciﬁed and provide inspection at the construction
site.
NOTE 2—Attention is called to the speciﬁcation for Reinforced Con-
crete D-load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Speciﬁcation C655).
The distinction between this speciﬁcation and C655 is in the D-Load
speciﬁed and the practice for sampling pipe for conformance to the
speciﬁcation. This speciﬁcation relies on standard classes of pipe (Class
I-V), and sampling in accordance with Section 11.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are
shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be
exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used inde-
pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systems
may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A36/A36M Speciﬁcation for Carbon Structural Steel
A615/A615M Speciﬁcation for Deformed and Plain Carbon-
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A706/A706M Speciﬁcation for Deformed and Plain Low-
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A1064/A1064M Speciﬁcation for Carbon-Steel Wire and
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
Concrete
C33/C33M Speciﬁcation for Concrete Aggregates
C76 Speciﬁcation for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C76M Speciﬁcation for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
C150/C150M Speciﬁcation for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Speciﬁcation for Air-Entraining Admixtures
for Concrete
C309 Speciﬁcation for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
pounds for Curing Concrete
C443 Speciﬁcation for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
C494/C494M Speciﬁcation for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box
Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
C595/C595M Speciﬁcation for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Speciﬁcation for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C655 Speciﬁcation for Reinforced Concrete D-Load
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products
C989/C989M Speciﬁcation for Slag Cement for Use in
Concrete and Mortars
C990/C990M Speciﬁcation for Joints for Concrete Pipe,
Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed
Flexible Joint Sealants
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on
Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe.
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C1846/C1846M – 19.
DOI: 10.1520/C1846_C1846M-19R24.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

C1017/C1017M Speciﬁcation for Chemical Admixtures for
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete (Withdrawn 2022)
2
C1116/C1116M Speciﬁcation for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1157/C1157M Performance Speciﬁcation for Hydraulic
Cement
C1602/C1602M Speciﬁcation for Mixing Water Used in the
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
C1628 Speciﬁcation for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow
Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
2.2 AASHTO Standards:
R073 Standard Practice for Evaluation of Precast Concrete
Drainage Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms relating to concrete
pipe, see Terminology C822.
3.2 Deﬁnitions:
3.2.1 D
design
, n—the D-load test criteria required to reach
the design strength as deﬁned in Test Methods C497.
4. Classiﬁcation
4.1 Pipe furnished under this speciﬁcation shall be desig-
nated as Class I, II, III, IV, or V. The corresponding strength
requirements are prescribed in Table 1. Special designs for pipe
strengths not designated in Table 1 are permitted provided all
other requirements of this speciﬁcation are met. For Pipe
Classes of IV or less, the minimum ratio of the D
Ult
to D
design
in the three-edge-bearing test shall be 1.5 rounded to the
nearest 50 lb/ft/ft [5 N/m/mm]. For Class V pipe, or higher, the
minimum ratio of D
Ult
to D
design
in the three-edge-bearing test
shall be 1.25. A linear interpolation may be performed to
establish the D
Ult
to D
design
ratio for Pipe Classes between
Class IV and V.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Proof of Design Tests, Plant
Load-Bearing Tests, Material Tests, and Inspection of Manu-
factured Pipe for Visual Defects and Imperfections—
Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be
determined by the results of the three-edge-bearing tests as
deﬁned in Section 11 and 12.3.1; by such material tests as are
required in 6.2,6.3,6.5,6.6, and 6.7; by an absorption test of
the concrete from the wall of the pipe as required in 12.4; and
by visual inspection of the ﬁnished pipe to determine its
conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from
defects in accordance with Section 15.
5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for
acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated
by the speciﬁed tests.
6. Materials
6.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall
consist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates;
admixtures, if used; and water in which steel has been
embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act
together.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements of
Speciﬁcation C150/C150M or C1157/C1157M, or shall be
blended cement conforming to the requirements of Speciﬁca-
tion C595/C595M.
6.2.2 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the re-
quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Speciﬁcation C989/C989M.
6.2.3 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of
Class F or Class C of Speciﬁcation C618.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
Any combination of cementitious materials shall be acceptable
for use in the concrete if the mix meets the testing requirements
in this speciﬁcation:
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Speciﬁcation
C33/C33M except that the requirement for gradation shall not
apply.
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are
allowable:
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Speciﬁcation
C260/C260M;
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Speciﬁcation
C494/C494M;
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing ﬂowing
concrete conforming to Speciﬁcation C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of
wire or welded wire conforming to Speciﬁcation A1064/
A1064M, or of bars conforming to Speciﬁcation A36/A36M,
Speciﬁcation A615/A615M, Grade 40 or 60, or Speciﬁcation
A706/A706M, Grade 60. For helically wound cages only, weld
shear tests are not required.
6.6 Fibers—Synthetic ﬁbers and nonsynthetic ﬁbers shall be
allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete
pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic ﬁbers
(Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic ﬁber (Type I) designed
and manufactured speciﬁcally for use in concrete and conform-
ing to the requirements of Speciﬁcation C1116/C1116M shall
be accepted.
6.7 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall
be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
Speciﬁcation C1602/C1602M.
7. Pipe Performance
7.1 The pipe shall be formulated sufficiently to pass the D
Ult
and D
design
requirements in Table 1.
2
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
TABLE 1
Pipe Class D
design
(lbs/linear foot/
foot of diameter) [N/
linear m/mm of
diameter]
D
Ult
(lbs/linear foot/foot
of diameter) [N/linear
m/mm of diameter]
I 800 [40.0] 1200 [60.0]
II 1000 [50.0] 1500 [75.0]
III 1350 [65.0] 2000 [100.0]
IV 2000 [100.0] 3000 [150.0]
V 3000[140.0] 3750[175.0]
C1846/C1846M − 19 (2024)
2

7.2 Special Classes:
7.2.1 If permitted by the owner, the manufacturer may
request approval by the owner of a special class of pipe having
D
Ult
and D
design
values that differ from those shown in Table 1.
7.2.2 Such special classes of pipe shall be based on the same
design/testing requirements as required for those classes found
in Table 1.
7.3 The manufacturer shall formulate for their own produc-
tion practices and records the following for each pipe product
and size.
7.3.1 Pipe Strengths—(D
design
) and (D
Ult
).
7.3.2 Material Strengths:
(a) Minimum Compressive Strength of the Concrete - (f
c
),
(b) Minimum Reinforcement Yield Strength and Ultimate
Strength - (f
y
) and (f
u
),
(c) Minimum Elastic Modulus of Reinforcement – (E
s
).
7.3.3 Quantities of Materials:
(a) The concrete mix design, including all materials and
admixtures within the concrete matrix,
(b) Area of continuous reinforcement in units of in.
2
/ft
[cm
2
/ m],
(c) Volume of noncontinuous reinforcement in units of
lb/yd
3
[kg/m
3
] or percent of volume of concrete.
7.3.4 Physical Characteristics—Diameter, wall thickness,
laying length, and joint details.
8. Reinforcement
8.1 Where one line of circular reinforcement is used, the
protective cover of the concrete over the circumferential
reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be
3
⁄
4
in. [19 mm].
8.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement, each
line shall be so placed that the protective covering of concrete
over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe
shall be 1 in. [25 mm].
8.3 In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall thick-
nesses 2
1
⁄
2
in. [63 mm] or greater, the reinforcement in the wall
of the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in.
[25 mm] from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical
diameter and 1 in. [25 mm] from the outer surface of the pipe
at the horizontal diameter. In pipe having elliptical reinforce-
ment with wall thicknesses less than 2
1
⁄
2
in. [63 mm], the
protective covering of the concrete shall be
3
⁄
4
in. [19 mm] at
the vertical and horizontal diameters.
9. Joints
9.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid
together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the
permissible variations given in Section 13.
9.2 Joints shall conform to the requirements of Speciﬁca-
tions C443,C990/C990M,C1628, or other established joint
types approved by the owner, including, but not limited to,
mortar, sealant or externally-wrapped joints.
10. Manufacture
10.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded,
proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious
materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thor-
oughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will
conform to the test and design requirements of this speciﬁca-
tion. Cementitious materials shall be as speciﬁed in 6.2 and
shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470
lb/yd
3
[280kg/m
3
] unless mix designs with a lower cementi-
tious materials content demonstrate that the quality and per-
formance of the pipe meet the requirements of this speciﬁca-
tion.
10.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the
methods of curing described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 or to any other
method or combination of methods approved by the owner, that
will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a
sufficient length of time so that the speciﬁed D-load is obtained
when acceptance is based on 5.1 or so that the concrete will
develop the speciﬁed compressive strength at 28 days or less
when acceptance is based on 5.2.
10.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing
chamber, free of outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmo-
sphere maintained by the injection of live steam for such time
and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the
strength requirements. At no time shall the ambient tempera-
ture exceed 160°F [71°C]. The curing chamber shall be so
constructed as to allow full circulation around the inside and
outside of the pipe.
10.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe may be water-cured by
covering with water saturated material or by a system of
perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any
other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the
speciﬁed curing period.
10.2.3 A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements
of Speciﬁcation C309 may be applied and should be left intact
until the required strength requirements are met. The concrete
at the time of application shall be within 10°F [6°C] of the
atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior
to the application of the compounds and shall be damp when
the compound is applied.
10.2.4 The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the
methods described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.3 provided the required
concrete compressive strength is attained.
11. Pipe Proof of Design Testing
11.1 Load Bearing Test:
11.1.1 Basis of Acceptance of Design—Three representative
specimens or special class test pipe in accordance with 7.2
shall be tested to the D
design
load and D
ult
strength load in
accordance with the requirements of Test Methods C497 with
any laps or splices placed in the critical zone, and the results
recorded and witnessed. All specimens shall meet or exceed the
required limits to qualify the design of the pipe.
NOTE 3—The critical zone in 11.1.1 is at 12/6 o’clock for inner or single
cages, and at 3/9 o’clock for an outer cage.
11.1.2 The pipe shall be deemed acceptable for the desig-
nated class if the D
design
strength and ultimate strength of the
tested pipe are equal to or greater than the required D
design
and
D
Ult
for that class.
11.2 Sample Testing of Pipe Strength—If any part of the
material or manufacture of the pipe in accordance with Section
C1846/C1846M − 19 (2024)
3

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ASTM C1846-C 1846M-19 (2024) Standard Specification for Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe 钢筋混凝土涵洞、雨水管和污水管基于性能的制造标准规范

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ASTM C1846-C 1846M-19 (2024) 钢筋混凝土涵洞、雨水管和污水管基于性能的制造标准规范

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