ASTM C1941-24 涵洞、雨水管和顶进下水道用预制钢筋混凝土整体箱形截面标准规范

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Designation: C1941 −24
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for
Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers for Jacking
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers the manufacturing require-
ments for precast reinforced concrete monolithic box sections
that are intended to be installed using jacking techniques. The
typical use of this type of product is for the construction of
culverts and for the conveyance of storm water, industrial
wastes and sewage.
1.2 The requirements of this speciﬁcation are intended to
supplement the existing manufacturing standards for precast
reinforced concrete box sections and provide the additional
manufacturing details required for box sections that will be
installed using jacking techniques. The parent manufacturing
standard for the precast reinforced concrete box sections is
denoted as the “designated precast reinforced concrete box
section manufacturing standard” throughout this document.
The requirements included within shall supplement and super-
sede the designated precast reinforced concrete box section
manufacturing standard when the box sections are to be used
for jacking.
NOTE 1—This speciﬁcation is a manufacturing and purchase speciﬁca-
tion for precast reinforced concrete box sections installed using jacking
techniques, to be utilized in conjunction with the designated precast
reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standard. It is possible that
such box sections will require a special design to withstand the anticipated
longitudinal loading. Additional calculations and information beyond
what are required for a non-jacked installed box section are required to
establish maximum jacking forces. For calculating allowable jacking
forces, ASCE 28 may be referenced.
NOTE 2—This standard may be used to supplement existing standards
for precast reinforced concrete box sections when the box sections will be
installed using trenchless methods. Such “designated precast reinforced
concrete box section manufacturing standards” include, but are not
limited, to ASTM C1433, ASTM C1577, and AASHTO M259.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are
included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products
C990 Speciﬁcation for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,
and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint
Sealants
C1433 Speciﬁcation for Precast Reinforced Concrete Mono-
lithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and
Sewers
C1577 Speciﬁcation for Precast Reinforced Concrete Mono-
lithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and
Sewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFD
C1677 Speciﬁcation for Joints for Concrete Box, Using
Rubber Gaskets
2.2 AASHTO Standards:
3
AASHTO M259 Standard Speciﬁcation for Precast Rein-
forced Concrete Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains,
and Sewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFD
2.3 ASCE Standards:
4
ASCE 28 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Precast
Concrete Box Sections for Jacking in Trenchless Con-
struction
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on
Acceptance Speciﬁcations and Precast Concrete Box Sections.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published January 2024. DOI: 10.1520/
C1941-24
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO), 555 12th St., NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004,
http://www.transportation.org.
4
Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander
Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

3. Terminology

3.1 Deﬁnitions:

3.1.1 For Deﬁnitions of terms relating to concrete box

sections not included in this standard, see Terminology C822.

3.1.2 jacking box sections, n—box sections installed using

hydraulic jacking to push the box sections through soil or into

or through an existing structure, behind a shield machine to

form a continuous pipeline in the ground without needing to

open-cut the area for typical installation techniques.

4. Ordering Information

4.1 In addition to the requirements of the designated precast

reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standard, the

manufacturer shall submit the following manufacturing data

for the concrete box culvert to the owner/owner’s engineer for

approval if requested by the owner/owner’s engineer.

4.1.1 Top slab thickness, bottom slab thickness, side wall

thickness, haunch sizes, joint dimensions, lay length and

outside corner details such as radius or ﬁllet.

4.1.2 Design concrete compressive strength.

4.1.3 The jacking axial thrust capacity of the box section

and the assumptions used to calculate it.

NOTE 3—The jacking axial thrust capacity of the box section is highly

dependent upon the joint packing material supplied by the installer and the

alignment of the box sections. The packing should have sufficient material

properties to appropriately distribute the jacking force. Packing material

needs to be thick enough to distribute jacking forces in both the straight

and angular positions, while not being so thick that it impedes the

hydraulic or joint sealing performance of the joint.

4.2 Joint Details for Jacking Force—The minimum com-

pressive strength of the concrete at the time of delivery, the

surface area of the spigot/tongue face and the bell/groove face

to be used for transfer of jacking forces, the length of the

spigot/tongue and the bell/groove, and the applicable face for

jacking, shall be reported in the manufacturer’s submittal

details provided to the installer and/or owner/owner’s engineer

before production.

NOTE 4—Circumferential strength design is based on the vertical loads

on the box section during construction and in the ﬁnal installed condition.

Joint details are critical to establish the available longitudinal jacking

thrust capacity of the box section from which the installer establishes the

means and methods of installation.

5. Materials and Manufacture

5.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sections shall be

manufactured per any of the manufacturing standards listed

under Section 2. In addition to meeting all the requirements of

the chosen standard, the box section shall meet all the

requirements of this standard and shall be labeled according to

the parent standard and as amended by this standard.

6. Physical Requirements

6.1 Concrete:

6.1.1 Compression Testing Cylinders—The number of

cylinders, preparation, and testing shall be as required in the

designated manufacturing standard. However, all cylinder tests

shall have concrete strengths that meet or exceed the required

concrete strength. The averaging of cylinder strengths is not

permitted.

6.1.2 Compression Testing of Cores—The number of cores,

preparation, and testing shall be as required in the designated

precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing stan-

dard. However, all core tests shall meet or exceed 85 % of the

required concrete strength. The averaging of core strengths is

not permitted. Veriﬁcation of concrete strength through core

testing shall only be performed when concrete cylinders are not

available.

6.2 Joint Reinforcements:

6.2.1 Joints shall be designated to meet ASTM C990,

C1677, or as agreed to by the installer and manufacturer to

meet the requirements of the installation method and equip-

ment employed.

6.2.2 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the

concrete box sections so formed that the box sections can be

laid together to make a continuous line compatible with the

permissible variations given in Section 7.

6.2.3 Notwithstanding the requirements of the designated

precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing

standard, the bell/groove and spigot/tongue of the box section

shall contain embedded reinforcement as required by the

design of the box section and joint for installation loads,

vertical earth loads or joint sealing loads, or combination

thereof. The minimum amount of reinforcement in the bell/

groove shall be at least as much as is provided in the outer cage

of the box section barrel. This reinforcement shall be an

extension of the outer line of reinforcement.

NOTE 5—The joint reinforcement requirements of the designated

precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing standard should be

followed as a minimum. However, concrete box sections used for

trenchless installations often require joint designs that exceed the require-

ments for direct bury installations. Details and quantity of circumferential

and longitudinal reinforcing for trenchless installations may require

additional analysis or considerations based on installer installation tech-

niques. Manufacturer submittal documents should clearly indicate any

additional requirements for joint reinforcing over and above that required

by the designated precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing

standard.

6.3 Lubrication and Grout Injection Ports—If lubrication or

grouting ports are required, the owner/owner’s engineer or

installer shall specify the necessary properties of the ports.

These properties may include, but are not necessarily limited

to: size, material, physical detail, the need for any nonreturn

valves, quantity, and location of the ports in the box section.

7. Permissible Variations

7.1 Test Samples:

7.1.1 All box sections from the production run shall be

measured in accordance with 7.2 – 7.7 of this standard.

7.1.2 If any of the test samples fail to meet the requirements

of 7.2 – 7.7, those samples are rejected.

7.2 Internal Dimensions—The internal dimensions shall not

vary by more than 1 % of the design dimension. The haunch

dimensions shall not vary more than

⁄

in. from the design

dimensions.

7.3 External Dimensions—The external dimensions shall

not vary by more than

⁄

in. of the design dimensions.

C1941 − 24

7.4 Slab and Wall Thicknesses—The slab and wall thick-

nesses shall not vary from the designated design thickness by

more than

⁄

in.

7.5 Length of Two Opposite Sides—When measuring two

opposite sides of the box section, the difference between the

two measurements shall not be more than the dimensions

shown in Table 1.

7.6 End Squareness—The plane formed by the end of the

box section shall not deviate from perpendicular to the longi-

tudinal axis by more than the dimensions shown in Table 1.

This requirement applies to both the span (width) and rise

(height) of the box section.

7.7 Box Section Length—The underrun in length of a box

section shall not be more than

⁄

in. Regardless of the underrun

or overrun in any box section, the end cover requirements of

the designated precast reinforced concrete box section manu-

facturing standard shall apply

NOTE 6—When the Engineer establishes the parameters for the jacking

installation, such as excavation dimensions, allowable angular deviation,

etc., the manufacturing tolerances of the box section should be taken into

consideration.

8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

8.1 Inspection—The owner/owner’s engineer shall be al-

lowed to inspect the quality of materials, process of manufac-

ture and the ﬁnished box sections.

8.2 Repairs—Box sections may be repaired, if necessary,

because of imperfections in manufacture or damage during

handling and will be acceptable if, in the opinion of the

owner/owner’s engineer, the repaired box section conforms to

the requirements of this speciﬁcation.

8.3 Rejection—Box sections shall be subject to rejection for

failure to conform to any of the requirements of this speciﬁ-

cation. Individual box sections may be rejected because of any

of the following:

8.3.1 Fractures, or cracks passing through any slab or wall

prior to installation.

8.3.2 Defects that indicate proportioning, mixing, and mold-

ing not in compliance with the designated precast reinforced

concrete box section manufacturing standard or surface defects

indicating honey-combed or open texture that would adversely

affect the function of the box section.

8.3.3 The variations in the box section dimensions, length

and squareness are not within the limits of variations given in

Section 7.

8.3.4 Damaged or cracked ends, where such damage or

crack is unrepairable and would affect the proper function of a

jacking box section.

8.3.5 Any continuous longitudinal crack having a surface

width of 0.01 in. or more, regardless of position in the slab or

wall of the box section, for box sections not installed or under

load.

8.3.6 Exposure of ﬁbers (if used) is not a cause for rejection.

8.4 Marking:

8.4.1 In addition to the marking requirements of the desig-

nated precast reinforced concrete box section manufacturing

standard, the following information shall be legibly marked on

each box section:

8.4.1.1 The date of manufacture.

8.4.1.2 The name or trademark of the manufacturer.

8.4.1.3 Identiﬁcation of plant.

8.4.1.4 The words “JACKING BOX” and ASTM C1941.

8.4.1.5 The applicable joint standard.

8.4.1.6 The maximum jacking force permitted on the box

section.

8.4.1.7 As an alternate to 8.4.1.5 and 8.4.1.6, project spe-

ciﬁc identiﬁcation that clearly ties to the manufacturer’s

submittal details illustrating the same information is accept-

able.

8.4.2 Markings shall be painted on the inside of the box

section with waterproof paint.

9. Keywords

9.1 box section; culvert; jacking; joints; reinforced concrete;

storm water

TABLE 1 Allowable End Squareness for Box Section

External Dimension b, in. End Squareness / Length of Opposite

Sides (See Fig. 1 for deﬁnition of a

and b)

#54 in. a/b#0.004

>54 in. to 72 in. a/b#0.0035

>72 in. a/b#0.003

C1941 − 24

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标签： #雨水管 #下水道 #钢筋混凝土

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ASTM C1941-2024 涵洞、雨水管和顶进下水道用预制钢筋混凝土整体箱形截面标准规范 Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers for Jacking

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ASTM C1941-24 涵洞、雨水管和顶进下水道用预制钢筋混凝土整体箱形截面标准规范

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