ASTM D5117-2025 固体玻璃纤维增强拉挤坯料染色渗透的标准试验方法

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Designation: D5117 −25
Standard Test Method for
Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded
Stock
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation D5117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of
evaluating solid ﬁberglass all roving (unidirectional) reinforced
pultruded rod or bar stock for longitudinal wicking. There are
generally one or a combination of three mechanisms that
promote wicking such as delaminations, longitudinal continu-
ous voids, or the presence of hollow ﬁbers.
NOTE 1—Occasionally the ﬂaws listed above may be detected by this
test, but other tests are usually required.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore,
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
ing values from the two systems has the potential to result in
nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For speciﬁc hazard statements, see 10.4.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3918 Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pul-
truded Products (Withdrawn 2020)
3
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of technical terms pertain-
ing to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology D883.
3.2 For deﬁnitions of terms that appear in this standard
relating to reinforced plastic pultruded products, refer to
Terminology D3918.
3.3 For deﬁnitions of terms that appear in this standard
relating to quality and statistics, refer to Terminology E456.
3.4 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.4.1 wicking—transmission of a liquid due to pressure
differential or capillary action along ﬁbers incorporated in a
ﬁberglass reinforced pultruded product.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 All-roving pultruded rod or bar stock is tested by
placing the specimen(s) on end into the dye penetrant to a
speciﬁed depth and observing the wicking action as spots, or
dots, on the opposite, dry face.
4.2 The wicking action through the length of the specimen
is due to the capillary action of the penetrant through the open
pathways in the composite. These pathways are typically
occupied by air and are caused by continuous voids, cracks, or
hollow ﬁbers, or all three, simultaneously.
5. Signiﬁcance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful for establishing the integrity
of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow
ﬁbers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of
the composite and causes reduced electrical resistance and
increased current leakage.
5.2 A perfect composite would be ﬂaw-free, and there
would be no possibility of wicking. Composites of this type are
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
ting Plastics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2025. Published May 2025. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5117 - 17. DOI:
10.1520/D5117-25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

virtually nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in

the resin developed during manufacturing, occasional hollow

ﬁbers, and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.

5.3 This test method is intended to provide a tool for

measuring the extent of wicking in a composite over very short

lengths of material for comparative purposes. The presence of

wicking over 1 in. (2.54 cm) lengths will not necessarily imply

that the composite will perform unsatisfactorily for its intended

end-use. Therefore, interpretation of test results shall be made

carefully.

5.4 This test method was developed as a technique for

estimating quality and consistency of pultruded rod and bar

stock, which is a composite of resin and all-roving reinforce-

ment. This test method will be useful for a manufacturer to

determine whether any gross changes in quality have taken

place due to process or raw material changes as the manufac-

turing process also affects the quality of the product.

5.5 Since the results of this test are so sensitive to sample

size, penetrant type, viscosity, duration of test, and other

factors, no attempt to arrive at or recommend development of

a speciﬁcation for these materials has been made. A speciﬁca-

tion shall be negotiated between supplier and end user and such

speciﬁcation shall be made with great care.

6. Apparatus

6.1 Dye Penetrant

6.2 Ultraviolet Light Source—The penetrant used is

ﬂuorescent, and requires a black lamp light source.

6.3 Dark Room—An area for viewing the presence of

ﬂuorescent spots on the test specimens is required.

6.4 Hood—There is a need to provide adequate air ventila-

tion for the elimination of any annoying vapors from the

penetrant. These vapors are nontoxic but has potential to be an

irritant.

6.5 Shallow Pan, for holding the penetrant is required. A

thin, spongy material that can be placed in the pan to support

the specimen on one end.

6.6 Stop Watch, or other means for timing the length of the

test is required.

6.7 Magnifying Glass, 5×, recommended for identifying

very small ﬂuorescent specks, or dots, on the specimen’s upper

face. It is not regarded as essential.

7. Materials

7.1 This test method was developed for use on solid

pultruded all-roving rod and bar stock reinforced with ﬁber-

glass. An evaluation employed 1 in. diameter rod stock using

epoxy, vinyl ester and polyester resins. It was determined that

this test method is applicable for all three resin series.

7.2 Use rod or bar stock representative of typical production

lots and select random specimens for testing.

8. Sampling and Test Specimens

8.1 Take at least three test specimens for each sample.

8.2 Specimens shall not be taken from material that has

been damaged or subjected to previous testing.

8.3 Select at least three 1-in. (2.54 cm) length specimens

taken at random locations along the rod or bar stock to be

tested. These shall be cut dry with a diamond-dust blade to

ensure a smooth test surface.

8.4 In order to prevent the problem of wicking up the sides

of some composites, paint a ring of clear nail polish or other

suitable inhibitor below the top surface and around the circum-

ference of each test specimen.

9. Conditioning

9.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 62°C (73.4 6

3.6°F) and 50 610 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h

prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618.

9.2 Test Conditions—Conduct all testing in the standard

laboratory atmosphere of 23 62°C (73.4 63.6°F) and 50 6

10 % relative humidity, unless otherwise speciﬁed.

10. Procedure

10.1 Preheat the ultraviolet light source for 15 min or in

accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Posi-

tion the light to shine on the pan (penetrant) surface.

10.2 Place a thin, spongy material such as common house-

hold plastic foam sponge on the bottom of the pan to support

the specimens. This material aids in properly wetting the

bottom surface of the specimen and reduces possible problems

associated with air entrapment.

10.3 Add sufficient dye to the pan such that the specimens

will be immersed to a depth of

⁄

in. (0.32 cm) while resting on

the sponge. This depth shall be predetermined with an extra

piece of rod stock.

10.4 Warning—Avoid hand contact with the penetrant to

preclude possible contamination of the specimens during

handling. Wash hands thoroughly before proceeding, if contact

with the penetrant were to occur.

Place each specimen on end in the penetrant to the depth

speciﬁed in 10.3 and staggered from the rest of the group. The

actual time of immersion for each shall be recorded if more

than six specimens are to be tested at one time. Otherwise, all

specimens shall be considered to be immersed at the same

time. When more than six specimens are tested, an interval of

30 s between the respective immersions shall be observed. For

example, if a group of nine specimens were to be tested, one

could be added at T= 0, the next at T= 30 s, and the last at

T= 4.0 min.

10.5 Immerse each specimen such that its lower face is

inserted into the dye normal to the supporting sponge to ensure

optimum coating of its surface. Press down lightly on the upper

face of the specimen to affect its positive sealing.

10.6 Position the specimens in the penetrant in a row left to

right such that the ﬁrst, second, etc. can be easily identiﬁed.

10.7 Record the time for the appearance of the ﬁrst dot.

Zyglo Penetrex ZL 30A dye penetrant, manufactured by Magnaﬂux, or

equivalent, is suitable for this purpose. During the initial round-robin work, three

standard penetrants of the industry were evaluated. The above referenced penetrant

provided the most discriminating, rapid, and consistent results.

D5117 − 25

10.8 Count upper face wicking dots (ﬂuorescent specks)
following 30 min of penetrant immersion. For a large group of
specimens, the counting must be completed between 29 min,
45 s and 30 min, 15 s for each specimen.
10.8.1 The immersion time of 30 min for all specimens is
particularly critical and must be observed within the limits
speciﬁed under 10.8 if meaningful data are to be obtained. In
fact, the time at which the extent of wicking is determined has
been found to be the greatest single source of error in
interlaboratory comparisons of wicking data.
10.9 If an error is made, or if a specimen falls into the
penetrant, reject that specimen and run a retest from retained
stock.
10.10 Test at least three specimens per sample.
10.11 Record the time to the ﬁrst dot. Record the total
number of wicking dots, or specks, for each specimen after
30-min immersion, discounting those that have merged as one.
If the latter condition exists, discontinue the test for that
particular specimen and test another.
11. Report
11.1 Report the following information:
11.1.1 Complete identiﬁcation of the material tested, includ-
ing resin type, machine identiﬁcation, dimensions, reinforce-
ment type, manufacturer’s code, etc.,
11.1.2 Conditioning procedure used, if different than
stipulated,
11.1.3 Test room conditions,
11.1.4 Individual specimens tested, with individual wicking
data,
11.1.5 The average of the individual wicking data for each
sample,
11.1.6 Date of test, and
11.1.7 Any deviations from the test method shall be
included, such as alternate penetrant source, etc.
12. Precision
12.1 Repeatability—The value below which the absolute
difference between two individual test results obtained under
repeatability conditions is expected to occur with a probability
of approximately 0.95 (95 %).
TABLE Number of Wicking Dots
Polyester Epoxy Vinyl Ester
Repeatability 7.85 4.17 13.5
12.2 Reproducibility—The value below which the absolute
difference between two individual test results obtained under
reproducibility conditions is expected to occur with a probabil-
ity of approximately 0.95 (95 %).
TABLE Number of Wicking Dots
Polyester Epoxy Vinyl Ester
Reproducibility 9.41 4.17 14.6
12.3 The above precision data were generated as the result
of an industry round-robin in which seven laboratories
participated, using rod stock from a single supplier’s standard
inventory.
13. Keywords
13.1 dye penetration test; pultruded rod or bar; rod or bar
stock; wicking
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee D20 has identiﬁed the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D5117 - 17)
that may impact the use of this standard. (May 1, 2025)
(1) Added “unidirectional” to 1.1.
(2) Changed the statement “one of a combination of” before
the three mechanisms listed in 1.1.
(3) Deleted the statement “Any or all of them will be operating
at a given time.” in 1.1.
(4) Deleted the reference to subsection 10.3 and 10.6 to 10.4 in
1.3.
(5) Deleted “a gas or” from 3.4.1.
(6) Deleted “penetrant used” from 5.5.
(7) Deleted comma after nontoxic in 6.4.
(8) Corrected the name of the manufacturer in the footnote to
Magnaﬂux.
(9) Replaced “effect” with “affect” in 10.5.
(10) Deleted 10.6 and changed the numbering for the reminder
of Section 10.
D5117 − 25
3

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标签： #固体玻璃纤维 #染料渗透 #无损检测标准

摘要：

ASTM D5117-2025 固体玻璃纤维增强拉挤型材的染料渗透标准试验方法，是针对 “玻璃纤维增强拉挤制品” 的无损检测方法（通过染料渗透来检测材料表面的缺陷）。该标准是依据世界贸易组织（WTO）技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会的标准化原则制定的，符合国际通用规范，是一份用于检测玻璃纤维拉挤型材表面缺陷的行业通用试验方法标准。

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