AATCC TM79-2010e2(2018)e3 纺织品吸收性测试方法

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AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025 AATCC TM79-2010e2(2018)e3 129

Foreword

The original test method for the mea-

surement of absorbency of bleached tex-

tiles was developed to help textile dyeing

and finishing mills determine the effect

and efficiency of textile preparation and

processing applications. Later, the test

method was used as one of several mea-

surements for judging water resistance

and repellency (i.e., non-absorbency) of

textile finish applications. After some

time, the test method was also used to

judge the durability of textile applications

to home laundering.

Option B has been added to AATCC

TM79 to recognize variations from the

original procedure that have come into

use by retailers and independent laborato-

ries. Option B was first published as an

unofficial method in the 2004 AATCC/

ASTM International’s Concept 2 Con-

sumer Technical Supplement: A Compila-

tion of Procedures and Guidelines for

Textile Products, TS-018, and as MM-

TS-01 Quick Water Absorbency proce-

dure in the 2008 AATCC/ASTM Interna-

tional’s Moisture Management Technical

Supplement: Applicable to Apparel, Lin-

ens and Soft Goods (see 12.1).

Because the rate of water flow (drops

per milliliter) and height above the speci-

men (mm) can be accurately and pre-

cisely determined for Option A, this op-

tion is more rigorously controlled.

Therefore, in case of dispute, Option A is

to be considered the reference procedure.

1. Purpose and Scope

1.1 The test method is for the determi-

nation of the water absorbency of yarns,

fabrics and garments. It can be used on

textiles of any fiber content or construc-

tion, including woven, knit and nonwoven.

2. Principle

2.1 A drop of water is allowed to fall

from a fixed height onto the taut surface

of a test specimen. The wetting time re-

quired for a drop of water to lose any

light reflection and change to a dull, wet

spot is recorded.

3. Terminology

3.1 absorbency, n.—the propensity of

a material to take in and retain a liquid,

usually water, in the pores and interstices

of the material.

NOTE: Absorbency is sometimes re-

ferred to as wettability.

3.2 wetting, n.—the time required for

a drop of water to lose its light reflection

characteristic, i.e., when it changes to a

dull, wet spot due to the absorbent pro-

pensity of a textile material.

3.3 textile product, n.—an article of

fabric, or other flexible material, made to

protect or decorate the body (garments),

for use in the home (bedding, drapery,

towels, table linens), or other uses (i.e.,

handkerchiefs, etc.).

4. Safety Precautions

NOTE: These safety precautions are

for information purposes only. The pre-

cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-

dures and are not intended to be all inclu-

sive. It is the user’s responsibility to use

safe and proper techniques in handling

materials in this test method. Manufac-

turers MUST be consulted for specific

details such as material safety data sheets

and other manufacturer’s recommenda-

tions. All OSHA standards and rules

must also be consulted and followed.

4.1 Good laboratory practices should

be followed. Wear safety glasses in all

laboratory areas.

5. Uses and Limitations

5.1 Absorbency is one of several fac-

tors that influence textile processing such

as fabric preparation, dyeing, and the ap-

plication of finishes. Often interchanged

with the term wettability, the absorbency

characteristics of a fabric can influence

the uniformity and completeness of

bleaching and dyeing by the ability to

take in water into the fiber, yarn, or fabric

construction. The suitability of a fabric

for a particular use, for example gauze or

toweling, may also be dependent upon a

fabric’s ability and propensity to take in

water.

5.2 Water absorbency may help judge

or interpret “comfort.” However, users of

AATCC TM79 should be cautioned that

its test results should not be the only cri-

terion for the assessment of comfort (see

the 2008 AATCC/ASTM International’s

Moisture Management Technical Supple-

ment: Applicable to Apparel, Linens and

Soft Goods, p19) (see 12.1).

5.3 Users of the AATCC TM79 should

be cautioned about the interpretation of

results that may be impacted by whether

the face or the back of a textile fabric is

tested. If the objective is to measure the

absorbency of finishing, processing or

durability to laundering, the face side of a

sample would be exposed to water during

the test. However, if the objective of per-

forming the test is to evaluate the absor-

bency of a textile for further processing,

then the side of the textile that would be

worn next to the skin would be exposed

to the water drops during testing. Further,

if textiles are used in a product as a com-

posite, the absorbency of the individual

fabrics will be different than that of the

end product.

5.4 If liquids other than distilled water

are used to perform this test method, test

results might not be comparable.

5.5 It is not known how test results

from this test method would compare to

other absorbency test methods.

5.6 No statement can be made about

the comparison or correlation of the re-

sults between Options A and B in this

method.

6. Apparatus (see 12.2)

6.1 Beaker, with opening of a size that

allows for the support of the outer edge of

the specified embroidery hoop.

6.2 Option A: Burette, 10 ± 0.05 mL

with 0.5 mL graduations that allows a de-

livery rate of 15-25 drops per milliliter.

6.3 Option A: Burette stand.

6.4 Distilled or deionized water, 21 ±

2°C (70 ± 4°F).

6.5 Embroidery hoop, 152 ± 5 mm (6.0

± 0.2 in.) in diameter (see 12.1).

6.6 Stopwatch or timer.

6.7 Option B: Medicine dropper, 76

mm glass, 2mL capacity, capable of dis-

pensing 20 drops per milliliter.

7. Test Specimens

7.1 Take two 200 ± 5 × 200 ± 5 mm

specimens from each sample on which a

total of five water drop sites can be

tested. If sufficient fabric is available,

five specimens from different locations

of a sample (i.e., different length × width

locations; side-middle-side locations on a

sample cut; or front-back-sleeve garment

panels) can be prepared for each water

drop test site. Otherwise, five water drop

tests may be performed on one specimen

if the test sites are at least 25 ± 2.5 mm (1

± 0.12 in.) away from the hoop edge and

no closer together than 25 ± 2.5 mm (1 ±

0.12 in.) from the previous water drop

test site’s outside edge. For performing

the 5-drop testing on garments or full cuts

of a sample, it may not be necessary to

cut specimens from the actual sample but

insert different areas in the embroidery

hoop.

7.2 If performing tests on yarns, skeins

AATCC TM79-2010e2(2018)e3

Test Method for Absorbency of Textiles

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

130 AATCC TM79-2010e2(2018)e3 AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025

should be prepared in such a way that

there are no gaps between individual yarn

wraps when inserted into the embroidery

hoop.

7.3 Specimens should be brought to

moisture equilibrium in a standard atmo-

sphere according to ASTM D1776, Stan-

dard Practice for Conditioning and Test-

ing Textiles) (see 12.3) having a relative

humidity of 65 ± 5% at 21 ± 2°C (70 ±

4°F). If the absorbency of a fabric from a

wet processing stage is required, such as

after bleaching, specimens for testing

should be air dried before conditioning

prior to testing (see 12.4).

8. Procedure

8.1 Perform all tests in the standard at-

mosphere for testing.

8.2 Option A – Burette.

8.2.1 Select a location in the condi-

tioned laboratory area that has overhead

lighting to facilitate the judgment of the

test end point; i.e., wetting (see 3.2).

8.2.2 Determine the burette’s stopcock

position that will deliver the specified

number of water drops (see 6.2).

8.2.3 Mount a specimen in an embroi-

dery hoop so that the side of the specimen

to be tested is up and the surface speci-

men is taut and free of wrinkles but with-

out stretching or distorting the structure

of the fabric.

8.2.4 Place the embroidery hoop with

the specimen surface 10 ± 1.0 mm (0.394

± 0.04 in.) below the tip of the burette

and allow one drop of distilled or deion-

ized water to fall on the cloth. Start the

stopwatch or timer immediately. Ob-

serve the water drop without moving the

beaker with the specimen from under the

burette to avoid disturbance of the water

drop and its interface with the specimen

surface.

8.2.5 Stop the timer or stopwatch when

the drop of water loses its reflectivity (see

3.2). If the water drop does not immedi-

ately disappear, observe the water drop

from other positions until it finally van-

ishes. The end point will be the time, less

than 60 s, it takes for the water drop to no

longer reflect light and appear only as a

dull wet spot.

8.2.6 Record the elapsed time to the

nearest second. If the water drop disap-

pears immediately, record as “zero.” If

the wetting time exceeds 60 s, record the

time as “60 + s.”

8.2.7 Repeat steps 8.2.4-8.2.6 for the

additional four test locations.

8.3 Option B – Medicine Dropper.

8.3.1 Follow steps 8.2.3-8.2.6 except

using the specified medicine dropper that

is held at an approximate 10 mm height

from the test specimen surface is used. A

10 ± 1.0 mm height sighting device can

be made to help assure consistent height

placement of the medicine dropper. Do

not move the specimen in the embroidery

hoop until the water drop no longer re-

flects light and the site appears only as a

dull wet spot. Record the time it takes for

a water drop to disappear as stated in

8.2.6. Repeat the steps for all specimens.

9. Calculation and Interpretation

9.1 For Options A and B.

9.1.1 Calculate the average and the

standard deviation of the five recorded

times and report to the nearest second. In

the case where the five tests include im-

mediate absorption times (“zeroes”), the

average should be calculated using all

times including zero(s). In the case where

some of the five tests include absorption

times greater than 60 s (60 +), use all of

the wetting times to calculate the average

and report with a plus sign (+) and note

the number of tests that exceeded 60 s.

9.1.2 Shorter times indicate better ab-

sorbency.

10. Report

10.1 Report the average absorbency

time and standard deviation, if desired.

11. Precision and Bias

11.1 Precision.

11.1.1 Interlaboratory Study. Tests for

absorbency of textiles using Options A

and B were conducted in 2009, with one

laboratory, three operators, and six sam-

ples. The samples were (a) bleached cot-

ton nonwoven, (b) 100% cotton jersey

knit, (c) 100% cotton interlock knit, (d)

100% cotton twill weave, (e) cotton/poly-

ester blend woven, and (f) 100% polyes-

ter woven.

11.1.2 The analysis of variance tech-

nique was applied to the data set. The

analysis of variance indicated that there

was no significant variation due to the

fabric, operator or day. Therefore, all data

were combined to calculate the precision

of the test method. All data and the analy-

sis are being retained for reference at the

AATCC Technical Center.

11.1.3 The data for Option A is shown

below in Table I. The average for all 180

points was 11 s, the standard deviation

was 16 s, and 95% confidence interval

was ± 2 s.

11.1.4 The data for Option B is shown

below in Table II. The average for all 180

points was 9 s, the standard deviation was

14 s, and 95% confidence interval was ±

2 s.

11.1.5 Between-laboratory precision

has not been established for this test

method. Until such precision informa-

tion is available, users of the method

should use standard statistical techniques

in making any comparison of test results

for between-laboratory averages.

11.2 Bias. The true value of absor-

bency of textile fabrics can be defined

only in terms of a test method. There is

no independent method for determining

the true value. In estimating this property,

the test method has no known bias.

12. Notes

12.1 Available from AATCC, P.O. Box

12215, Research Triangle Park NC 27709; tel:

+1.919.549.8141; fax: +1.919.549.8933; e-mail:

ordering@aatcc.org; web site: www.aatcc.org.

12.2 These items may be obtained from any

lab equipment supplier.

12.3 Available from ASTM International,

100 Barr Harbor Dr., W. Conshohocken PA

19428; tel: +1.610.832.9500; fax: +1.610.832.

9555; web site: www.astm.org.

12.4 It has been observed that if specimens

collected at drying cans are not brought to

moisture equilibrium, the wetting times could

falsely indicate poor absorbency for that

fabric.

13. History

13.1 Editorially revised in 2023 to move

history section.

13.2 Editorially revised 2022, 2019, reaf-

firmed 2018; editorially revised 2016, reaf-

firmed 2014; editorially revised 2012; revised

2010; revised 2007 (with title change); reaf-

firmed 2000; revised 1995; reaffirmed 1992;

editorially revised and reaffirmed (with title

change) 1986; reaffirmed 1979, 1975, 1972,

1968.

13.3 Developed in 1954 by AATCC Com-

mittee RA34; jurisdiction transferred in 2003

to AATCC Committee RA63; jurisdiction

transferred in 2022 to AATCC Committee

RA114.

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025 AATCC TM79-2010e2(2018)e3 131

Table I—Option A—Data (seconds)

Operator1

Day 1

Operator 1

Day 2

Operator 2

Day 1

Operator 2

Day 2

Operator 3

Day 1

Operator 3

Day 2

Nonwoven 241112

421123

431112

242102

241101

Jersey 132101

132101

124112

122311

Interlock 9 17 9 16 12 25

13 22 9 23 12 9

15 28 4 60 11 9

850144412 6

820143511 6

Woven C 011100

011100

111100

112100

Woven Blend 223101

111101

212100

222101

112100

Woven P 39 47 42 39 38 37

41 48 45 34 36 36

46 50 40 43 34 38

42 48 46 43 35 34

42 49 50 41 31 35

Table II—Option B—Data (seconds)

Operator 1

Day 1

Operator 1

Day 2

Operator 2

Day 1

Operator 2

Day 2

Operator 3

Day 1

Operator 3

Day 2

Nonwoven 221242

231202

222121

232212

222101

Jersey 221111

121201

121211

221202

231102

Interlock 61114261512

516602112 8

591944117

8 10 5 29 14 5

61523 715 4

Woven C 111100

101000

010100

101100

Woven Blend 211101

221101

121100

111101

112101

Woven P 34 33 30 24 30 37

36 34 37 36 34 32

33 42 33 28 33 34

38 39 40 32 36 35

39 47 36 42 38 38

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

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标签： #吸收性 #测试方法 #纺织品

摘要：

AATCC TM79-2010e2(2018)e3 是由美国纺织化学师与印染师协会发布的纺织品吸收性标准测试方法，最新版本为2018年复审确认的e3修正版。该标准主要用于评估织物对水分的吸收能力，通过测量织物滴落或浸入水中后的吸水时间、吸水速率及吸水高度等关键指标，为服装、家纺、工业用纺织品等产品的吸湿排汗性能提供可靠依据。本方法适用于棉、涤纶、混纺及各种机织和针织面料，帮助生产商和质检机构控制产品品质，确保其在运动服、毛巾、一次性卫生用品等应用中的实际使用效果。遵循AATCC TM79测试流程

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