AATCC TM143-2018te 家用洗涤后服装和其他纺织最终产品外观的测试方法

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270 AATCC TM143-2018te AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025

Foreword

This test method and its accompanying

evaluation tools were developed for eval-

uation of woven fabrics with a durable-

press finish. It is common industry prac-

tice to use the method and scales for eval-

uation of other textile materials although

some specimens may have different ap-

pearance characteristics due to different

fabric constructions.

Standard laundering procedures remain

consistent to allow valid comparison of

results. Standard procedures represent,

but may not exactly replicate, current

consumer practices, which vary over time

and among households. Alternate laun-

dering procedures and machine param-

eters may be found in AATCC LP1, Lab-

oratory Procedure for Home Laundering:

Machine Washing (see 12.3) and ISO

6330, Textiles — Domestic washing and

drying procedures for textile testing (see

12.7).

1. Purpose and Scope

1.1 This test method is intended to de-

termine the smoothness appearance of

fabric, seams, and pressed-in creases in

garments and other textile products after

being subjected to home laundering pro-

cedures.

1.2 Any washable textile end product

may be evaluated for smoothness appear-

ance, seam smoothness and crease reten-

tion using this method.

1.3 Textile end products containing

fabrics of any construction, such as wo-

ven, knit and nonwoven, may be evalu-

ated according to this method.

1.4 Techniques for seaming and creas-

ing are not outlined since the purpose is

to evaluate textile end products as they

will be supplied from manufacturing or

as ready for use.

2. Principle

2.1 Textile end product items are sub-

jected to standard home laundering prac-

tices. Appearance of specimens is evalu-

ated in a standard viewing area by

visually comparing the appearance of

specimens with appropriate reference

standards. Results may be reported as an

overall percentile value from 0% to

100%, with 100% representing the most

smoothness and crease retention. Results

may also be reported as separate smooth-

ness appearance (SA), seam smoothness

(SS) and crease retention (CR) grades.

All grades may range from 1 to 5, with 1

representing the least smoothness or

crease retention and 5 representing the

most smoothness or crease retention.

3. Terminology

3.1 appearance of textile end prod-

ucts, n.—the overall visual impression of

a textile end product quantified by com-

parison of individual components with

appropriate reference standards.

3.2 ballast, n.—in procedures for pro-

cessing or testing of textiles, material that

is used to bring the total weight or vol-

ume of the textiles to an amount specified

in the procedure.

3.3 crease retention, n.—in fabrics,

the visual impression of an inserted

crease quantified by comparison with a

set of reference standards.

3.4 durable press, adj.—having the

ability to retain substantially the initial

shape, flat seams, pressed-in creases and

unwrinkled appearance during use and

after laundering or drycleaning.

3.5 grade, n.—the number assigned to

a test specimen resulting from compari-

son to a scale.

3.6 laundering, n.—of textile mate-

rials, a process intended to remove soils

and/or stains by treatment (washing) with

an aqueous detergent solution and nor-

mally including rinsing, extracting and

drying.

3.7 laundering creases, n.—sharp

folds or lines running in any direction in a

washed or dried specimen. NOTE: Laun-

dering creases are an unintended result of

restricted movement of specimens in a

washer or the dryer.

3.8 seam smoothness, n.—in fabrics,

the visual impression of planarity of a

seamed specimen quantified by compari-

son with a set of reference standards.

3.9 smoothness appearance, n.—in

fabrics, the visual impression of planarity

of a specimen quantified by comparison

with a set of reference standards.

4. Safety Precautions

NOTE: These safety precautions are

for information purposes only. The pre-

cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-

dures and are not intended to be all inclu-

sive. It is the user’s responsibility to use

safe and proper techniques in handling

materials in this test method. Manufac-

turers MUST be consulted for specific

details such as material safety data sheets

and other manufacturer’s recommenda-

tions. All OSHA standards and rules

must also be consulted and followed.

4.1 Good laboratory practices should

be followed. Wear safety glasses in all

laboratory areas.

4.2 Detergent may cause irritation.

Care should be taken to prevent exposure

to skin and eyes.

4.3 All chemicals should be handled

with care.

4.4 Manufacturer’s safety recommen-

dations should be followed when operat-

ing laboratory testing equipment.

4.5 When evaluating crease retention,

use of a light shield can aid in prevention

of burns that could result from lamp heat.

5. Uses and Limitations

5.1 This test method is designed to be

used for evaluating the appearance of ap-

parel or other textile end products pro-

duced with washable fabric after home

laundering. Although this method applies

to laundering of garments, it is acknowl-

edged that common industry practice is to

also rate the product in its original state.

5.2 In general, it is preferable to con-

duct the test under relatively severe laun-

dering conditions. It is recognized that

special cycles or features are available on

current washing machines and dryers to

achieve improved performance on certain

items; e.g., gentle cycles with reduced

agitation to protect delicately con-

structed items, and durable press cycles,

with cool-down or cold rinses and re-

duced spin speeds, to minimize wrinkling.

5.3 Prints and patterns may mask the

mussiness present in textile end products.

The evaluation process is, however,

based on the visual appearance of speci-

mens including such effects.

5.4 The evaluation replicas and scales

were created from woven fabrics. It is un-

derstood that they do not duplicate other

fabric possibilities (knits, nonwovens).

The replicas and scales are to be used as

guides that represent various levels of

smoothness or crease retention.

5.5 The interlaboratory reproducibility

of the results of this test method depends

upon mutual agreement by users of the

method on the washing and drying condi-

tions as outlined in Tables I-IV and the

weighting factors to use for individual

components of the items as described in

9.7.3.

AATCC TM143-2018te

Test Method for Appearance of Apparel and Other

Textile End Products after Home Laundering

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025 AATCC TM143-2018te 271

6. Apparatus and Materials (see 12.1)

6.1 Steam or dry iron with appropriate

fabric temperature settings.

6.2 Standard washing machine (see Ta-

ble I, 12.2), for machine washing.

6.3 Wash tub, 9.5-L, for hand washing.

6.4 White towels, large enough to ac-

commodate test specimen, any weight,

for hand washing.

6.5 Standard tumble dryer (see Table

IV, 12.2) or facilities for drip, screen or

line drying.

6.6 Conditioning facilities and condi-

tioning/drying racks with pull-out, perfo-

rated shelves (see 12.3)

6.7 Scale with at least 5 kg or 10 lb ca-

pacity.

6.8 AATCC 1993 Standard Reference

Detergent (powder with brightener, see

12.3).

6.9 Laundering ballast, Type 1 or Type

3 (see Table V).

6.10 Evaluation area, as described in

Appendix A.

6.11 AATCC Three-Dimensional

Smoothness Appearance Replicas, set of

six (see Fig. 1 and 12.3).

6.12 AATCC Photographic Seam

Smoothness Scales, for single-and dou-

ble-needle seams (see Fig. 2 and 12.3).

The reproductions shown in Fig. 2 may

not be used for rating.

6.13 AATCC Three-Dimensional

Crease Replicas, set of five (see Fig. 3

and 12.3).

7. Test Specimens

7.1 For textile end product tests, select

three items for testing.

7.1.1 If the fabric is wrinkled, it may

be smoothed by appropriate ironing prior

to laundering. See Table I, Safe Ironing

Temperature Guide, in AATCC TM133,

Test Method for Colorfastness to Heat:

Hot Pressing (see 12.3).

8. Laundering Procedure

8.1 Machine Washing.

8.1.1 Select washing conditions for

testing from Table I. Normal cycle is rec-

ommended. Set washing machine con-

trols to generate the selected cycle pa-

rameters.

8.1.2 Load for laundering shall consist

of all specimens, plus enough laundering

ballast pieces to make a total load weight

of 1.8 ± 0.1 kg (4.0 ± 0.2 lb). For very

critical evaluation and in arbitration, limit

the number of specimens per washer load

to those from one sample.

8.1.3 Begin selected wash cycle. Allow

machine to fill to specified water level.

8.1.4 Add 66 ± 1 g of AATCC 1993

Standard Reference Detergent to washing

machine as directed by washing machine

manufacturer’s instructions. If detergent

is added directly to wash water, agitate

briefly to dissolve completely. Stop agi-

tation before adding wash load.

8.1.5 Add wash load (test specimens

and ballast), distributing evenly around

center agitator. Restart wash cycle.

8.1.6 For specimens to be drip dried

(drying procedure C), stop wash cycle

before the water begins to drain from the

final rinse cycle. Remove specimens

soaking wet. For specimens to be tumble

(A), line (B), or screen/flat (D) dried, al-

low washing to proceed through the final

spin cycle.

8.1.7 After each washing cycle, sepa-

rate tangled specimens and ballast pieces,

taking care to minimize distortion.

8.1.8 Washer creases. Specimens may

be in a folded or creased state after wash-

ing. Such folds or creases should be re-

moved by hand prior to drying.

8.1.9 Proceed to appropriate drying

procedure.

8.2 Hand Washing.

8.2.1 Select washing temperature from

Table II. Add 7.6 ± 1.9 L (2.0 ± 0.5 gal)

of water at this temperature to the wash

tub.

8.2.2 Add 20 ± 1 g of AATCC 1993

Standard Reference Detergent to wash

tub.

8.2.3 Agitate by hand to dissolve deter-

gent.

8.2.4 Add specimen(s) to water and

gently squeeze to distribute detergent so-

lution. Do not twist or wring.

8.2.5 Let specimen(s) soak for 2 min.

8.2.6 Gently squeeze specimen(s) in

detergent solution for 1 min. Do not twist

or wring.

8.2.7 Repeat 2-min. soak and 1-min

squeeze in detergent solution.

8.2.8 Remove specimen(s) from wash

Fig. 1—AATCC three-dimensional

smoothness appearance replicas.

A. For single needle seams. B. For double needle seams.

Fig. 2—AATCC photographic seam smoothness replicas.

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

272 AATCC TM143-2018te AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025

tub and gently squeeze to remove excess

detergent solution. Do not twist or wring.

8.2.9 Place specimen(s) on clean white

towel. Empty and rinse wash tub.

8.2.10 Add 7.6 ± 1.9 L (2.0 ± 0.5 gal)

of clean water at the specified rinse tem-

perature (see Table II) to the wash tub.

8.2.11 Place washed specimen(s) from

towel in rinse water and gently squeeze to

distribute. Do not twist or wring.

8.2.12 Let specimen(s) soak for 2 min.

8.2.13 Gently squeeze specimen(s) in

rinse water for 1 min. Do not twist or

wring.

8.2.14 Repeat 2-min. soak and 1-min

squeeze in rinse water.

8.2.15 Remove specimen(s) from wash

tub and gently squeeze to remove excess

water. Do not twist or wring.

8.2.16 Using clean white towels, blot

water from washed specimen(s). Do not

wring or twist.

8.2.17 Proceed to appropriate drying

procedure.

8.3 Drying.

8.3.1 Select drying conditions from Ta-

ble III.

8.3.2 (A) Tumble Dry. Place the

washed load (test specimens and ballast)

in the tumble dryer, and set the tempera-

ture control to generate the selected cycle

exhaust temperature (see Table IV). Al-

low the dryer to run until the load is fully

dry. Remove specimens immediately.

8.3.3 (B) Line/Hang Dry. Hang each

specimen on an appropriate hanger,

straightening and smoothing facings,

seams, etc. Specimens should generally

be oriented in the direction in which they

are worn. Do not fold or stretch speci-

mens over the hanger. Allow specimens

to hang in still air at room temperature

not greater than 26°C (78°F) until dry.

Do not blow air directly on specimens as

it may cause distortion.

8.3.4 (C) Drip Dry. Hang dripping wet

specimen on an appropriate hanger,

straightening and smoothing facings,

seams, etc. Specimens should generally

be oriented in the direction in which they

are worn. Do not fold or stretch speci-

mens over the hanger. Allow specimens

to hang in still air at room temperature

not greater than 26°C (78°F) until dry.

Do not blow air directly on specimens as

it may cause distortion.

8.3.5 (D) Screen/Flat Dry. Spread each

specimen on a horizontal screen or perfo-

rated surface, removing wrinkles without

distorting or stretching it. Allow speci-

mens to rest in still air at room tempera-

ture not greater than 26°C (78°F) until

dry. Do not blow air directly on speci-

mens as it may cause distortion.

8.3.6 For all drying methods, allow

specimens to dry completely before

washing again.

8.3.7 Laundering creases. If speci-

mens are folded or creased after any dry-

ing cycle except the last, rewet and at-

tempt to remove the creases by ironing

with a hand iron at a temperature suitable

for the fabric being tested (see 7.1.1),

prior to additional laundering cycles. Do

not attempt to remove wrinkles or creases

by hand ironing after the final drying

cycle.

8.3.8 Repeat the selected washing and

drying procedures for a total of 5 com-

plete cycles, or an agreed upon number of

cycles.

8.4 Conditioning.

8.4.1 After the final drying cycle is

complete, condition test specimens as di-

rected in ASTM D1776, Standard Prac-

tice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-

tiles (see 12.4). (Use conditions indicated

in Table 1 for Textiles, general. Estimate

conditioning time as indicated in Table 2

for the appropriate fiber content.) Lay

Fig. 3—AATCC three-dimensional crease replicas.

Table I—Standard Washing Machine Parameters (see 12.2, 12.6)

Cycle (1) Normal (2) Delicate (3) Permanent Press

Water Level, L (gal) 72 ± 4 (19 ± 1) 72 ± 4 (19 ± 1) 72 ± 4 (19 ± 1)

Agitation Speed, strokes/min. 86 ± 2 27 ± 2 86 ± 2

Washing Time, min. 16 ± 1 8.5 ± 1 12 ± 1

Final Spin Speed, rpm 660 ± 15 500 ± 15 500 ± 15

Final Spin Time, min. 5 ± 1 5 ± 1 5 ± 1

Wash Temp, °C (°F)1(II) Cold: 27 ± 3 (80 ± 5) (II) Cold: 27 ± 3 (80 ± 5) (II) Cold: 27 ± 3 (80 ± 5)

(III) Warm: 41 ± 3 (105 ± 5) (III) Warm: 41 ± 3 (105 ± 5) (III) Warm: 41 ± 3 (105 ± 5)

(IV) Hot: 49 ± 3 (120 ± 5) (IV) Hot: 49 ± 3 (120 ± 5) (IV) Hot: 49 ± 3 (120 ± 5)

(V) Very Hot: 60 ± 3 (140 ± 5) (V) Very Hot: 60 ± 3 (140 ± 5) (V) Very Hot: 60 ± 3 (140 ± 5)

1Due to US Department of Energy requirements, many washing machines use cooler water. An external control box may be used to override the machine set temperatures.

Table II—Standard Hand Washing

and Rinsing Temperatures

Designation

Wash Temp,

°C (°F)

Rinse Temp,

°C (°F)

Very Cold 16 ± 3 (60 ± 5) < 18 (< 65)

Cold 27 ± 3 (80 ± 5) < 29 (< 85)

Warm 41 ± 3 (105 ± 5) < 29 (< 85)

Hot149 ± 3 (120 ± 5) < 29 (< 85)

1Hot water may not be a reasonable selection for

hand washing or for the delicate items typically requir-

ing hand washing.

Table III—Standard Drying Conditions

(A) Tumble Dry

(Ai) Tumble Dry Normal

(Aii Tumble Dry Delicate

(Aiii) Tumble Dry Permanent Press

(B) Line/Hang Dry

(D) Screen Dry/Dry Flat

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

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标签： #测试方法 #家用洗涤 #家用洗涤后

摘要：

本篇文章详细介绍AATCC TM143-2018te标准，该标准是评估家用洗涤后服装及其他纺织最终产品外观变化的权威测试方法。内容涵盖测试原理、仪器要求、洗涤与干燥程序、评级体系（包括折皱、起球、接缝变形及颜色变化等关键指标），以及如何将测试结果应用于质量控制与产品开发。通过解读该标准，纺织企业、检测机构与品牌方可有效预测织物在消费者日常使用中的外观保持性，优化面料选择或整理工艺，从而提升产品市场竞争力并降低退换货风险。文中还对比了该版本与旧版的技术差异，帮助读者快速掌握最新规范要点。

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