英文书籍钢结构设计高清含书签 Steel Design, 7th Edition (Cengage,2025) 适用于美国、英国、澳大利亚、巴西、新加坡、墨西哥等国

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Steel

Design

7th Edition

William T. Segui

Sayed M. Soleimani

Now with U.S. Customary and SI Units

SYMBOLS

a moment arm for plastic moment internal couple;

longitudinal spacing of connectors in a built-up

compression member; distance from support to

load; depth of equivalent compressive stress distri-

bution in concrete at ultimate load; clear spacing of

intermediate web stiffeners in a plate girder

aw constant used in computing plate girder strength-

reduction factor

A area

A1 bearing area of a bearing plate or base plate

A2 full area of support for a bearing plate or base plate

Ab cross-sectional area of the unthreaded part of a bolt

Ac area of concrete flange in a composite beam; area

of concrete in a composite column

Ae effective area

Af flange area

Afc area of compression flange

Afg gross area of flange

Afn net area of flange

Aft area of tension flange

Ag gross area

Agv gross area in shear for block shear computation

An net area

Ant net area in tension for block shear computation

Anv net area in shear for block shear computation

Apb bearing area of a plate girder stiffener

Ar area of reinforcing steel within the effective width

of a composite beam slab

As area of steel cross section

Asa cross-sectional area of a steel headed stud anchor

Ast cross-sectional area of a stiffener

Aw web area

b width of a plate; width of cross-sectional element

to be used in width-to-thickness ratio; effective

flange width of a composite beam

bb width of a beam flange or flange plate

be effective edge distance for a pin-connected member;

effective width of a slender stiffened compression

element

bf flange width

bfc width of compression flange

bft width of tension flange

B width of an HSS; width of bearing plate or base

plate; factor used in computing bending strength of

double-angle and tee shapes

B1, B2 amplification factors for beam-columns

Bc bolt tensile force (including effects of prying)

c distance from elastic neutral axis to extreme fiber

in bending; constant in equation for critical lateral-

torsional buckling stress

c1, c2 constants used in determining the elastic local

buckling stress

C compressive force in an internal resisting couple

C1 coefficient in equation for effective flexural rigidity

of an encased composite column

C2 coefficient in equation for compressive yield load,

Pp, for a compact filled composite column

C3 coefficient in equation for effective flexural rigidity

of a filled composite column

Cb moment gradient factor for lateral-torsional

buckling strength

Cm bending factor for braced beam-columns

Cr reduction factor for shear rupture on pin-connected

members

Cv1 web shear strength coefficient

Cv2 web shear buckling coefficient

Cw warping constant

d total depth of a rolled or built-up steel beam; dis-

tance between axes (for use in the parallel axis

theorem); bolt diameter; bolt hole diameter

d9 reduced diameter of a staggered bolt hole

db beam depth; bolt diameter

dc column depth

D service dead load effect to be used in computation of

factored load combinations; outer diameter of a hol-

low circular steel shape; fillet weld size in sixteenths

of an inch

Du ratio of mean actual bolt pretension to specified

minimum pretension

e eccentricity of load in a connection

E modulus of elasticity (29,000 (200 GPa) ksi for

structural steel); service earthquake load

EI* flexural rigidity of a frame member

Ecol modulus of elasticity of a column for determining

effective length factor

Es modulus of elasticity of structural steel 5 29,000 ksi

(200 GPa)

Et tangent modulus of elasticity

f stress

f1 direct shear stress in an eccentric welded shear

connection

f2 torsional shear stress in an eccentric welded shear

connection

fa axial compressive stress

fb flexural stress

fc flexural stress in concrete

9 28-day compressive strength of concrete

fp bearing stress

frv required shear strength (stress) in a bolt subject to

shear and tension

fsb flexural stress at bottom of steel shape

fst flexural stress at top of steel shape

ft tensile stress

fv shearing stress

Copyright 2026 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

F9nt nominal bolt tensile strength (stress) in the

presence of shear

Fa allowable axial compressive stress

Fcr critical stress; lateral-torsional buckling stress for

the section as determined by analysis; local buckling

stress for the section as determined by analysis; buck-

ling stress for the section as determined by analysis

Fcry flexural buckling strength corresponding to the

axis of symmetry in a structural tee or double-angle

compression member

Fcrz stress used in computing torsional or flexural-

torsional buckling strength of a structural tee or

double-angle compression member

Fe Euler buckling stress; critical elastic buckling stress

in an unsymmetrical compression member (tor-

sional or flexural-torsional buckling stress)

Fel elastic local buckling stress

Fex, Fey, Fez stresses used in computing torsional or

flexural-torsional buckling strength

Fn nominal stress; critical buckling stress for structur-

al steel section of filled composite members

Fnt nominal bolt tensile strength (stress)

Fnv nominal bolt shear strength (stress)

Fnw ultimate shearing stress of weld electrode

Fpl stress at proportional limit

Ft allowable member tensile stress; ultimate tensile

stress of a bolt; allowable bolt tensile stress

Fu ultimate tensile stress

Fvallowable member shear stress

Fy yield stress

Fyf, Fyw yield stresses of flange and web

Fysr yield stress of reinforcing steel

Fyst yield stress of a stiffener

Fyt yield strength of tension flange

g gage distance for bolts (transverse spacing)

G shear modulus of elasticity 5 11,200 ksi (77,200

MPa) for structural steel

GA, GB factors for use in nomographs for effective

length factor K

h width of web from toe of flange fillet to toe of flange

fillet for a rolled shape; width of web from inside of

flange to inside of flange for a welded shape; bolt

hole diameter

hc twice the distance from the elastic neutral axis to the

inside face of the compression flange of a built-up flex-

ural member (same as h for girders with equal flanges)

hf filler factor for slip-critical connections

ho distance between W-shape flange centroids

hp twice the distance from the plastic neutral axis to the

inside face of the compression flange of a built-up flex-

ural member (same as h for girders with equal flanges)

H depth of an HSS; factor used in computation of

flexural-torsional buckling strength of compression

members; lateral building loads; flange force in a

moment connection

I moment of inertia (second moment of area)

_ moment of inertia of component area about its

centroidal axis

Ic Moment of inertia of the concrete section about

the elastic neutral axis of the composite section

Ig moment of inertia of a girder cross section

ILB lower-bound moment of inertia of a composite beam

Is moment of inertia of steel section

Ist moment of inertia of a stiffener cross section

Itr moment of inertia of transformed section

Ix, Iy moments of inertia about x- and y-axes

J torsional constant; polar moment of inertia

k distance from outer face of flange to toe of fillet in

the web of a rolled shape

kc factor used in computing the flexural strength of a

plate girder

ksc multiplier for bolt slip-critical strength when ten-

sion is present

kv factor used in computing shear strength

K effective length factor for compression members

Ki effective length factor for a component in a built-

up compression member

Kx, Ky, Kz effective length factors for x-, y-, and z-axes

KxL, KyL, KzL effective lengths for buckling about x-,

y-, and z-axes

/ length of a connection; length of end welds; factor

for computing column base plate thickness

/b length of bearing of a beam bearing plate

/c distance from edge of bolt hole to edge of con-

nected part or to edge of adjacent hole

/e bolt edge distance

L service live load effect to be used in computation of

factored load combinations; member length; story

height; length of a weld segment

Lb unbraced beam length; unbraced length of a col-

umn in the equation for required bracing stiffness

Lc effective length of member; effective length of

member for buckling about the minor axis; effective

length of built-up member; column effective length

Lcol length of a column for determining effective length

factor

Lcx, Lcy, Lcz effective lengths with respect to the x-, y-,

and z-axes

Lg length of girder

Lp largest unbraced beam length for which lateral-

torsional buckling will not occur

Lpd largest unbraced beam length for which plastic

analysis can be used.

Lr service roof live load effect to be used in computation

of factored load combinations; unbraced beam length

at which elastic lateral-torsional buckling will occur

m length of unit width of plate in bending (for beam

bearing plate and column base plate design)

M bending moment

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英文书籍钢结构设计高清含书签 Steel Design, 7th Edition (Cengage,2025) 适用于美国、英国、澳大利亚、巴西、新加坡、墨西哥等国

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英文书籍钢结构设计高清含书签 Steel Design, 7th Edition (Cengage,2025) 适用于美国、英国、澳大利亚、巴西、新加坡、墨西哥等国