ASTM D2598 - 21

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Designation: D2598 −21

Standard Practice for

Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liqueﬁed

Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation D2598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope*

1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the

approximate determination of the following physical charac-

teristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, com-

mercial propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane (cov-

ered by Speciﬁcation D1835): vapor pressure, relative density,

and motor octane number (MON).

1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceed-

ing speciﬁcations for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method

D2158.)

1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is

applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.

1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is

based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

standard.

1.2.1 Exceptions:

1.2.1.1 Non-SI units in parentheses are given for informa-

tion only.

1.2.1.2 Motor octane number and relative density are given

in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.

1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

D1267 Test Method for Gauge Vapor Pressure of Liqueﬁed

Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)

D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light

Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer

D1835 Speciﬁcation for Liqueﬁed Petroleum (LP) Gases

D2158 Test Method for Residues in Liqueﬁed Petroleum

(LP) Gases

D2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in

Liqueﬁed Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene

Mixtures by Gas Chromatography

D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C

and

Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or

Mass Basis

2.2 Australian Liqueﬁed Petroleum Gas Association Publi-

cation:

Liqueﬁed Petroleum Gas for Automotive Use Speciﬁcation

2.3 Gas Processors Suppliers Association:

GPSA Engineering Data Book, 12th Edition, 2004

3. Summary of Practice

3.1 The composition of a sample of LP-gas is obtained by

using Test Method D2163 or other acceptable method. From

the analysis (expressed in liquid volume percent), the vapor

pressure, relative density, and motor octane number of the

sample may be determined.

3.2 Conversion of a compositional analysis from mole, gas

volume, or weight basis to liquid volume is obtained by using

Practice D2421 or other suitable method.

4. Signiﬁcance and Use

4.1 Vapor pressure is an important speciﬁcation property of

commercial propane, special duty propane, propane/butane

mixtures, and commercial butane that assures adequate

vaporization, safety, and compatibility with commercial appli-

ances. Relative density, while not a speciﬁcation criterion, is

necessary for determination of ﬁlling densities and custody

This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum

Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-

mittee D02.H0 on Liqueﬁed Petroleum Gas.

Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally

approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2598 – 16. DOI:

10.1520/D2598-21.

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM

Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on

the ASTM website.

Available from Australian Liqueﬁed Petroleum Gas Association Limited, ABN

11002703951, 30 George Street, Redfern NSW 2016, http://

www.lpgaustralia.com.au/site/

Available from Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA), 6526 E. 60th St.,

Tulsa, OK 74145, http://www.gpsa.gpaglobal.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

transfer. The motor octane number (MON) is useful in deter-

mining the products’ suitability as a fuel for internal combus-

tion engines.

5. Calculation

5.1 Calculated LP-Gas Vapor Pressure (see Test Method

D1267):

5.1.1 Calculate the partial gauge vapor pressure due to each

component in the mixture as follows:

Partial gauge vapor pressure 5

vp'3C

/100 (1)

where:

vp' = vapor pressure factor of speciﬁc component at 37.8 °C

(100 °F) (see Table 1), and

C= liquid volume percent of component in the mixture.

5.1.2 Add the partial gauge vapor pressures due to all

components, rounding to the nearest 7 kPa (1 psi). The total is

reported as the LP-gas vapor pressure of the sample, kPa gauge

at 37.8 °C (100 °F).

5.2 Calculated Relative Density (see Test Method D1657):

5.2.1 Calculate the relative mass of each component in the

mixture as follows:

Relative mass of component 5

sg'3C

/100 (2)

where:

sg' = relative density of the pure component at 15.6 °C

(60 °F) (see Table 1), and

C= liquid volume percent of component in the mixture.

5.2.2 Add the relative mass of all components, rounding the

total to three decimal places. The total is reported as the

relative density of the mixture.

5.3 Calculated Motor Octane Number (see ASTM Data

Series DS 4B.

5.3.1 Using only the components and values in Table 1,

calculate the partial motor octane number of each component

in the mixture to the nearest 0.1 MON as follows:

Partial motor octane number of component 5

m3C

/100 (3)

where:

m= motor octane number of component (see Table 1), and

C= liquid volume percent of component in mixture.

5.3.2 Add the partial motor octane numbers of all compo-

nents determined in 5.3.1 and round the total to the nearest

one-half number. The total is reported as the calculated motor

octane number of the mixture.

6. Keywords

6.1 butane; calculated physical properties; liqueﬁed petro-

leum gases; motor octane number; propane; relative density;

vapor pressure

DS 4B, Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon

Compounds, ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, PA, 1987.

TABLE 1 Factors for Determining the Physical Characteristics of LP-Gases

Component

Vapor Pressure Blend

Factor, kPa-gauge

(PSIG) at 37.8 °C (100 °F)

Relative Density at

15.6 °C ⁄15.6 °C

(60 °F ⁄60 °F)

MON Blend Value

Methane 17547 (2545) 0.3 . . .

Ethane 4213 (611) 0.35628 100.7

Ethene (Ethylene) 8720 (1265) 0.37 75.6

Propane 1200 (174) 0.50719 97.1

Propene (Propylene) 1466 (213) 0.52260 84.9

Methylpropane (Isobutane) 400 (58) 0.56283 97.6

n-Butane 255 (37) 0.58420 89.6

t-2-Butene 242 (35) 0.61030 {

1-Butene 328 (48) 0.60044 80.8

2-Methylpropene (Isobutylene) 340 (49) 0.60064 {

c-2-Butene 216 (31) 0.62716 83.5

2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane) 152 (22) 0.59530 80.2

Cyclopentane -33 (-4.7) 0.75047 84.9

2-Methylbutane (Isopentane) 40 (5.8) 0.6251 90.3

n-Pentane 6.4 (0.9) 0.6307 62.6

n-Hexane -67 (-9.7) 0.6641 26.0

Some constants for vapor pressure and motor octanes are empirical values to be used only in the calculation procedures described in this practice. References are

located in Appendix X1.

D2598 − 21

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. SOURCES OF PHYSICAL CONSTANT DATA

X1.1 See Table X1.1.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Subcommittee D02.H0 has identiﬁed the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue

(D2598 – 16) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2021.)

(1) Updated data in Table 1.(2) Updated data in Table X1.1 and footnotes C and F.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned

in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ﬁve years and

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards

and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the

responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should

make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above

address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website

(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222

Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

TABLE X1.1 Sources of Physical Constant Data

Component Vapor Pressure Blend Factor

Relative Density MON Blend Value

Methane

{

Ethane

BCB

Ethene (Ethylene)

EFE

Propane

DCC

Propene (Propylene)

DCC

Methylpropane (Isobutane)

DCC

n-Butane

DCC

t-2-Butene

{

1-Butene

DCC

2-Methylpropene (Isobutylene)

{

c-2-Butene

DCC

2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane)

DCC

Cyclopentane

DCC

2-Methylbutane (Isopentane)

DCC

n-Pentane

DCC

n-Hexane

DCC

Vapor pressure values were converted from atmospheric to gauge by the following equations: PSIG = PSIA – 14.7; kPa(G) = kPa(A)-101.

Empirical values for use in D2598 calculations.

GPA-2145-16.

TRC (formerly the Thermodynamic Research Center), NIST, Boulder, CO, 2012.

Australian Liqueﬁed Petroleum Gas Association Publication, Liqueﬁed Petroleum Gas for Automotive Use Speciﬁcation.

The relative density of ethylene is estimated, and consistent with the historical value in Practice D2421-95. Later revisions of Practice D2421 used a theoretical, calculated

value from GPA 2145-00. Uncertainties in the equations of state used in the calculation for ethylene at typical pressures and temperatures of LPG caused GPA to later

retract that value. The presently published value of 0.56820 reported in GPA-2145-17 is at the atmospheric boiling point of –154.8 °F.

D2598 − 21

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摘要：

ASTM D2598 - 21 是国际权威标准规范，专门用于通过气相色谱法测定液化石油气（LPG）中丙烷和丁烷组分的蒸气压力与相对密度。该标准为燃料生产、运输及质量控制领域提供了统一测试方法，帮助工程师和技术人员准确评估气体燃料的挥发性能与燃烧效率，确保符合安全与环保要求。适用于实验室检测、产品质量认证及供应链合规性检查，对提升燃料行业的数据可靠性和国际标准接轨具有重要意义。

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