美国Sierra Circuits公司 PCB Trace and Space Handbook《PCB布线与间距手册》

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Trace & Space

Handbook

PCB

Table of Contents

1. Introduction: Trace width and spacing

2. Key factors that influence line width and clearance

2.1 Current and thermal requirements

2.3 Copper weight

3. Spacing rules for copper features

3.1 Board edge-to-copper

3.2 Pad-to-pad

3.3 Creepage and clearance for high-voltage designs

3.4 Controlled impedance traces

3.5 Preventing crosstalk in high-speed PCBs

5. Via considerations

6.1 IPC-2221

6.2 IPC-2152

2.3.1 Etching tolerances and undercut effects

4. Heavy copper boards

5.1 Drill-to-drill and drill-to-copper spacings

5.2 Minimum annular ring sizes

5.3 Aspect ratio limits for different via types

6. IPC standards for trace width and clearances

6.3 IPC-6012

2.2 Target impedance 05

7. Sierra Circuits' manufacturing and assembly capabilities 26

PCBs may appear to be simply a network of copper lines connecting different

components. However, the design of these copper traces is far more complex than

it seems.

Insufficient trace width and spacing might lead to issues such as:

1. Introduction: Trace width and spacing

Overheating and undesired voltage drops

Short circuits and arcing

Signal degradation due to impedance mismatches and reflections

Crosstalk and noise coupling

Manufacturing defects, resulting in reduced product lifespan

Trace width and spacing decisions are not simply about meeting design rule checks

(DRCs) set by CAD tools; they are about ensuring the final product can function

safely within industry standards. Hence, trace and space planning is a design

priority, not an afterthought.

In high-current applications, such as power supply circuits, motor controllers, and

automotive systems, choosing the correct trace width is a matter of safety as well

as performance.

The trace width determines its ability to carry electrical current without excessive

resistance or heating. A signal line that is too narrow for the amount of current it

carries will experience higher resistive losses. This results in unwanted voltage drops,

energy loss in the form of heat, and potential hot spots on the PCB. In severe cases,

the trace can overheat, delaminate from the board, or even burn out entirely.

If the spacing between the copper features is too tight, the risk of short circuits,

arcing, and noise coupling increases. Clearance requirements become especially

critical in high-voltage designs.

Trace width and trace spacing on a PCB

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摘要：

这份由美国 Sierra Circuits 公司发布的《PCB布线与间距手册》是一份面向 PCB 设计工程师与制造工程师的专业参考资料，系统总结了印制电路板中导线宽度与导线间距的关键设计规范。手册基于 IPC 标准与 Sierra Circuits 多年的制造经验，涵盖了不同铜厚、电流承载能力与电压等级下的最小线宽线距推荐值，同时兼顾阻抗控制、信号完整性及制程良率等实际考量。无论是高频高速电路还是高功率电源板，设计人员均可通过本手册快速查找适用于特定叠层结构与生产工艺的布线与间距规则，从而有效避

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美国Sierra Circuits公司 PCB Trace and Space Handbook《PCB布线与间距手册》

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