ASTM D4049 - 25 测定润滑脂耐水喷雾性能的标准试验方法

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Designation: D4049 −25

Standard Test Method for

Determining the Resistance of Lubricating Grease to Water

Spray

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation D4049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope*

1.1 This test method

covers the ability of a grease to adhere

to a metal surface when subjected to a water spray under

prescribed laboratory conditions.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

standard.

1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for

information only.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-

mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid

Fuels, and Lubricants

E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to

Determine the Precision of a Test Method

2.2 American National Standards:

ASME B-46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,

Waviness, and Lay)

3. Terminology

3.1 Deﬁnitions:

3.1.1 For deﬁnitions of terms used in this test method, refer

to Terminology D4175.

4. Summary of Test Method

4.1 The grease to be tested is coated on a stainless steel

panel and sprayed with water at the speciﬁed test temperature

and pressure. The amount of grease remaining on the panel

after 5 min 615 s is a measure of the resistance of the grease

to water spray.

5. Signiﬁcance and Use

5.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability of a

grease to adhere to a metal surface when subjected to direct

water spray. The results obtained from the use of this test

method suggest correlation in operations involving direct water

spray impingement such as steel mill roll neck bearing ser-

vice.

This test method is used for quality control and purchase

speciﬁcations.

6. Apparatus

6.1 Stainless Steel Test Panel, 18-8 (chromium-nickel)

stainless steel, as shown in Fig. 1.

6.1.1 Grease Application Jig, for applying grease to panel;

Fig. 2.

6.2 Water Spray Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 3.

6.3 Spray Nozzle, as shown in Fig. 4.

6.4 Thermometer or Thermocouple, capable of measuring

38 °C 60.5 °C, to determine the temperature of the water

spray, positioned to prevent breaking the spray pattern.

This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on

Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of

Subcommittee D02.G0.06 on Functional Tests - Contamination.

Current edition approved July 1, 2025. Published July 2025. Originally approved

in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D4049 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/

D4049-25.

The development of this test method is described in Musilli, T. G., “Water

Spray-Off Characteristics of Lubricating Grease,” NLGI Spokesman, December

1982, pp. 323–326.

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of

ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary

page on the ASTM website.

Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 1180 Avenue of

the Americas, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

Cichelli, A. E. “Evaluation of Greases for Steel Mill Service,” NLGI

Spokesman, August 1973, and A. E. Cichelli, “Grease Lubrication in Steel Mills

with Emphasis on Roll Neck Bearings,” NLGI Spokesman, April 1980.

The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time

is Koehler Instrument Co., Inc., 1595 Sycamore Ave., Bohemia, NY 11716. If you

are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM

International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a

meeting of the responsible technical committee,

which you may attend.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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7. Reagents and Materials

7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be

used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that

all reagents shall conform to the speciﬁcations of the commit-

tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,

where such speciﬁcations are available.

Other grades may be

used, provided it is ﬁrst ascertained that the reagent is of

sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the

accuracy of the determination.

7.2 Mineral Spirits, reagent grade, minimum purity.

(Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)

7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade, minimum purity.

(Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)

8. Sampling

8.1 Each test will require a quantity sufficient to cover the

steel panel (approximately 4 g to 12 g).

8.2 Supply a 25 g (minimum) representative sample.

8.3 Examine for any indication of nonhomogeneity, such as

oil separation, phase changes, or gross contamination. If any

abnormal conditions are found, obtain a new sample.

9. Preparation of Apparatus

9.1 Clean the test panel by brushing with mineral spirits.

Then rinse with n-heptane and air dry. (Warning—See 7.2 and

7.3.)

9.2 Clean reservoir by ﬂushing with water and wipe off any

residual oil ﬁlm from the surfaces of the reservoir and from the

spray chamber area. Disassemble and clean the spray nozzle,

taking care to properly position the vane in the cone body

during assembly. This shall be done after each test.

NOTE 1—For proper vane orientation, see Fig. 4.

9.2.1 Visually inspect apparatus prior to each test to ensure

cleanliness.

10. Procedure

10.1 Weigh a clean test panel to the nearest 0.1 g, and record

as W

, and then, using the metal jig (as shown in Fig. 2), use

a spatula to spread approximately a 0.8 mm (

⁄

in.) thick ﬁlm

of grease. Clean off any grease beyond the raised section of the

panel. Reweigh and record as W

10.2 Add an adequate amount of tap water to the reservoir

and to cover the heater and adjust the water temperature to

38 °C 60.5 °C (100 °F 61 °F). When the water temperature

in the reservoir reaches 38 °C 60.5 °C (100 °F 61 °F),

circulate 2 min to 3 min to attain temperature equilibrium

before spraying the panel. Adjust pump pressure to 276 kPa 6

ACS Reagent Chemicals, Speciﬁcations and Procedures for Reagents and

Standard-Grade Reference Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington,

DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical

Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset,

U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharma-

copeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.

DIMENSIONS

mm in.

AOverall panel length 152.4 6.0

B Raised section length 101.6 4.0

C Width 50.78 – 0.08 2.000 – 0.003

D Thickness 4.76 ± 0.13

⁄

± 0.003

E Reduced section thickness 1.59

⁄

F Reduced section length 25.4 1.0

G Flatness Overall 0.08 0.003

NOTE 1—All tolerances 60.08 mm (0.003 in.) unless otherwise speciﬁed.

NOTE 2—Surface ﬁnish of the raised section of the panel should be between Ra 0.40 µm to 0.80 µm. Proper surface ﬁnish can be veriﬁed by comparison

with ASME B-46.1 surface texture standards.

FIG. 1 Stainless Steel Test Panel

DIMENSIONS

mm in.

G Width 76.2 3.0

H Length 203.2 8.0

I Thickness 11.11

⁄

J Raised section width 12.7

⁄

K Reduced section thickness 5.54

⁄

L Reduced section width 50.83 + 0.08 2.001 + 0.003

NOTE 1—All tolerances 60.03 mm (0.001 in.)unless otherwise speci-

ﬁed.

FIG. 2 Grease Application Jig

D4049 − 25

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7 kPa (40 psi 61 psi) using the bypass valve. The bypass

valve must be ahead of the gauge, not between the gauge and

nozzle. Shut off the motor.

10.3 Insert the panel, making sure the panel is level and

centered below the spray nozzle. Start the motor and spray the

water on the panel for 5 min 615 s.

10.4 Shut off the motor to stop the spray, and remove the

panel. Remove the excess grease outside the raised section of

panel (area BC, Fig. 1) and along the sides and bottom of the

panel. Place the panel in a horizontal position in an oven for 1 h

65 min at 66 °C 61 °C (150 °F 62 °F).

10.5 Remove the panel from the oven, and allow to cool.

Reweigh the panel, and record as W

11. Calculation

11.1 Calculate the percent spray-off as follows:

% spray 2off 5

100

(1)

where:

= initial mass of clean panel,

= panel plus grease, before spraying, and

= panel plus grease, after spraying.

12. Report

12.1 Report the following: date, grease identity, and percent

spray-off to the nearest 1.0 %.

13. Precision and Bias

13.1 The precision of this test method as determined by

statistical examination of interlaboratory results in accordance

with Practice E691 is as follows:

13.1.1 Repeatability—The difference between two test re-

sults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus

under constant operating conditions on identical test material

would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of

the test method, exceed the following value in only one case in

twenty:

6.0 % spray-off

13.1.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two single

and independent results obtained by different operators work-

ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, in

the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test

method, exceed the following value in only one case in twenty:

18.0 % spray-off

13.2 Bias—The procedure for measuring a grease’s resis-

tance to water spray has no bias because the value of spray-off

can be deﬁned only in terms of a test method.

14. Keywords

14.1 grease; spray; water resistance; waterspray

Supporting data have been ﬁled at ASTM International Headquarters and may

be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1188. Contact ASTM Customer

Service at www.astm.org/contact.

NOTE 1—The bypass valve shall be ahead of the gauge, not between the gauge and nozzle.

FIG. 3 Water Spray Apparatus

D4049 − 25

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标签： #标准试验 #试验方法 #标准试验方法

摘要：

本页面提供ASTM D4049 - 25标准规范《测定润滑脂耐水喷雾性能的标准试验方法》的详细内容。该标准由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布，主要适用于工业润滑脂、汽车润滑脂及食品级润滑脂等产品在受高压水喷雾冲击下的附着力与抗冲刷性能评估。试验方法通过模拟实际工况中润滑脂可能遭遇的强力水流喷射，量化其抵抗被水剥离的能力，帮助用户预测润滑脂在潮湿、淋水或清洗环境中的持久润滑效果。对于润滑脂研发人员、质量检测工程师以及相关采购决策者而言，掌握该试验条件、评定标准与结果分析至关重要。本页面同时包含历史版本追溯、标准修订要点、测试设备要求及常见问题解析，助力专业人士高效获取技术参数与合规依据。

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