ASTM A313 - A 313M - 18 (2025) 不锈钢弹簧丝标准规格

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Designation: A313/A313M −18 (Reapproved 2025)
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Stainless Steel Spring Wire
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A313/A313M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic,
and age-hardenable stainless steel round spring wire intended
especially for the manufacture of springs.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
1.3 Unless the order speciﬁes an “M” designation, the
material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A555/A555M Speciﬁcation for General Requirements for
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
Steel Products
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
Uniﬁed Numbering System (UNS)
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
3
J 1086 Numbering Metals and Alloys
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
speciﬁcation. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight),
3.1.2 Name of material (stainless steel spring wire),
3.1.3 Finish (see 8.1),
3.1.4 Dimension (diameter),
3.1.5 Type designation (Table 1),
3.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue,
3.1.7 Tensile strength level, when applicable (Table 11 and
Table 12),
3.1.8 Supplementary requirements for government
procurement, and
3.1.9 Special requirements.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows:
2000 lb (1000 kg) Stainless Steel Spring Wire, cold-drawn Class 1,
bright ﬁnish, 0.032-in. (0.82 mm) diameter, in 100-lb (50 kg) 16-in.
(0.4 m) coils, Type 302 to ASTM A313, dated ____.
4. General Requirements for Delivery
4.1 In addition to the requirements of this speciﬁcation, all
requirements of the current edition of Speciﬁcation A555/
A555M shall apply. Failure to comply with the general
requirements of Speciﬁcation A555/A555M constitutes non-
conformance with this speciﬁcation.
5. Manufacture
5.1 Types 302 Class 1, 304, 305, 316, 321, 347, UNS
S20230, and Grades S20430 and XM-28 shall be cold drawn to
produce the required mechanical properties.
5.2 Type 631, Type 302 Class 2, and Grade XM-16 shall be
furnished in the cold-drawn condition ready for fabrication.
Following fabrication Type 631 and Grade XM-16 shall be age
or precipitation hardened to produce their maximum strength
properties. The tensile strengths to be obtained following the
prescribed heat treatment are shown in Table 2 and Table 3 for
hardened wire. Type 302 Class 2 shall be stress relieved
following fabrication and meet the requirements shown in
Table 4. The nominal as-drawn tensile strengths are provided
as a guide for the spring manufacturer.
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.
Current edition approved March 1, 2025. Published April 2025. Originally
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A313/A313M – 18.
DOI: 10.1520/A0313_A0313M-18R25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

5.3 Grade S30151 shall be either cold drawn or cold drawn

and heat treated to produce the required mechanical properties.

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to

chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.

6.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis

required by this speciﬁcation shall be in accordance with Test

Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.

7. Mechanical Requirements

7.1 Tensile Properties:

7.1.1 Types 302 Class 1 and 304 shall conform to the

requirements shown in Table 5.

7.1.2 Types 305, 316, 321, and 347 shall conform to the

requirements shown in Table 6.

7.1.3 Type 631 shall conform to the requirements shown in

Table 2 when heat treated 900 °F [482 °C] for 1 h and air

cooled.

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

UNS

Designation

Type Composition,

Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen Other Elements

Austenitic Grades

S 20230 . . . 0.02–0.06 2.0–6.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 2.0–4.5 1.0 0.13–0.25 Cu 2.0–4.0

S 20430 . . . 0.15 6.5–9.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 15.5–17.5 1.5–3.5 . . . 0.05–0.25 Cu 2.0–4.0

S 24100 XM-28 0.15 11.0–14.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.5–19.0 0.50–2.50 . . . 0.20–0.45 . . .

S 30151 . . . 0.07–0.09 1.50–2.00 0.025 0.010 1.20–1.80 16.0–18.0 7.0–9.0 0.50–1.00 0.07–0.11 Cu 0.40

S 30200 302 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . 0.10 . . .

S 30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–10.5 . . . 0.10 . . .

S 30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 10.5–13.0 . . . . . . . . .

S 31600 316 0.07 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.5–18.0 10.5–13.5 2.00–2.50 0.10 . . .

S 32100

S 34700

321

347

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

1.00

17.0–19.0

9.0–12.0

9.0–13.0

...

Ti 5×(C+N) min

10×C min Nb

Age-Hardenable Grades

S 17700 631 0.09 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 6.5–7.8 . . . . . . Al 0.75–1.50

S 45500 XM-16 0.05 0.50 0.040 0.030 0.50 11.0–12.5 7.5–9.5 0.50 . . . Ti 0.80–1.40

Cu 1.50–2.50

0.10–0.50

Austenitic-Ferritic Grades

S32205 2205

0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 22.0–23.0 4.5–6.5 3.00–3.50 0.14–0.20 . . .

Designations established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086, Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS).

Maximum unless range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (. . .) appear in this table, there is no requirement and the element need not be determined or reported.

Common name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer.

The terms Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) both refer to the same element.

TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Type 631

Diameter, in. [mm]

Cold Drawn Condition

C, ksi [MPa]

Nominal

Condition CH-900

, ksi [MPa]

min max

0.010 [0.25] to 0.015 [0.38], incl 295 [2035] 335 [2310] 365 [2515]

Over 0.015 [0.38] to 0.020 [0.51], incl 290 [2000] 330 [2275] 360 [2480]

Over 0.020 [0.51] to 0.029 [0.74], incl 285 [1965] 325 [2240] 355 [2450]

Over 0.029 [0.74] to 0.041 [1.04], incl 275 [1895] 320 [2205] 350 [2415]

Over 0.041 [1.04] to 0.051 [1.30], incl 270 [1860] 310 [2135] 340 [2345]

Over 0.051 [1.30] to 0.061 [1.55], incl 265 [1825] 305 [2100] 335 [2310]

Over 0.061 [1.55] to 0.071 [1.80], incl 257 [1770] 297 [2050] 327 [2255]

Over 0.071 [1.80] to 0.086 [2.18], incl 255 [1760] 292 [2015] 322 [2220]

Over 0.086 [2.18] to 0.090 [2.29], incl 245 [1690] 282 [1945] 312 [2150]

Over 0.090 [2.29] to 0.100 [2.54], incl 242 [1670] 279 [1925] 309 [2130]

Over 0.100 [2.54] to 0.106 [2.69], incl 238 [1640] 274 [1890] 304 [2095]

Over 0.106 [2.69] to 0.130 [3.30], incl 236 [1625] 272 [1875] 302 [2080]

Over 0.130 [3.30] to 0.138 [3.50], incl 230 [1585] 260 [1795] 290 [2000]

Over 0.138 [3.50] to 0.146 [3.71], incl 228 [1570] 258 [1780] 288 [1985]

Over 0.146 [3.71] to 0.162 [4.11], incl 226 [1560] 256 [1765] 286 [1970]

Over 0.162 [4.11] to 0.180 [4.57], incl 224 [1545] 254 [1750] 284 [1960]

Over 0.180 [4.57] to 0.207 [5.26], incl 222 [1530] 252 [1740] 282 [1945]

Over 0.207 [5.26] to 0.225 [5.72], incl 218 [1505] 248 [1710] 278 [1915]

Over 0.225 [5.72] to 0.306 [7.77], incl 213 [1470] 242 [1670] 272 [1875]

Over 0.306 [7.77] to 0.440 [11.2], incl 207 [1425] 235 [1620] 265 [1825]

Over 0.440 [11.2] to 0.625 [15.88], incl 203 [1400] 230 [1585] 260 [1795]

When wire is speciﬁed in straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90 % of the values listed in the table.

Aged at 900 °F [482 °C] for 1 h and air cooled.

A313/A313M − 18 (2025)

7.1.4 Grade XM-16 shall conform to the requirements
shown in Table 3 when heat treated 850 °F [454 °C] for
1
⁄
2
h
and air cooled.
7.1.5 Grade XM-28 shall conform to the requirements
shown in Table 7.
7.1.6 Type 302 Class 2 shall conform to the requirements
shown in Table 4.
7.1.7 Grade S20430 shall conform to the requirements
shown in Table 8.
7.1.8 Cold drawn grade S30151 shall conform to the re-
quirements shown in Table 9.
7.1.9 Cold drawn grade UNS S20230 shall conform to the
requirements shown in Table 10.
7.1.10 Cold drawn, as delivered grade S32205 shall con-
form to the requirements shown in Table 11 and Table 12.
7.2 Wrap Test:
7.2.1 Wire 0.162 in. [4.11 mm] and smaller in diameter shall
wind on itself as an arbor without breaking.
7.2.2 Wire larger than 0.162 in. [4.11 mm] in diameter shall
wind without breaking on a mandrel having a diameter twice
the diameter of the wire.
7.3 Uniformity (Coil Test):
7.3.1 In the as-cold drawn condition, a specimen coil shall
be wound on an arbor of the size speciﬁed in Table 13 to form
a tightly wound coil.
7.3.2 After winding, the specimen coil shall be stretched to
a permanent set four times its as-wound length. After this
treatment, the specimen coil shall show uniform pitch with no
splits or fractures.
7.4 Cast—A loop or ring shall be cut from the bundle and
allowed to fall on the ﬂoor. The wire shall lie ﬂat and not spring
up or show a wavy condition.
7.5 Bend Test—When speciﬁed in the purchase order, Types
302, 304, 305, 316, 321, and 347 shall be tested by the bend
test. A piece not more than 10 in. [254 mm] long shall be
selected from each test sample. These specimens shall be tested
in a bending machine conforming substantially to Fig. 1. Bends
shall be made at as nearly a uniform rate as possible, not
exceeding 50 bends per minute, and in no case shall the speed
be so great as to cause undue heating of the wire. The test
specimen shall be bent back and forth through a total angle of
180° until failure occurs. Each 90° movement in either
direction shall be counted as one bend. The wire shall
withstand the minimum number of bends speciﬁed in Table 5
and Table 6.
8. Finish
8.1 Stainless steel spring wire is supplied with different
types of ﬁnish such as bright, copper, lead, oxide, and other.
9. Keywords
9.1 austenitic-ferritic duplex; austenitic stainless steel; pre-
cipitation hardening stainless steel; stainless steel; stainless
steel spring wire
TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Grade XM-16
A
Diameter, in. [mm] Cold Drawn, ksi [MPa]
Nominal
Age Hardened
B
, ksi [MPa]
min max
0.010 [0.25] to 0.040 [1.02], incl 245 [1690] 320 [2205] 350 [2415]
Over 0.040 [1.02] to 0.050 [1.27], incl 235 [1620] 310 [2135] 340 [2345]
Over 0.050 [1.27] to 0.060 [1.52], incl 225 [1550] 305 [2100] 335 [2310]
Over 0.060 [1.52] to 0.075 [1.90], incl 220 [1515] 295 [2035] 325 [2240]
Over 0.075 [1.90] to 0.085 [2.16], incl 215 [1480] 290 [2000] 320 [2205]
Over 0.085 [2.16] to 0.095 [2.41], incl 210 [1450] 285 [1965] 315 [2170]
Over 0.095 [2.41] to 0.110 [2.79], incl 200 [1380] 278 [1915] 308 [2125]
Over 0.110 [2.79] to 0.125 [3.17], incl 195 [1345] 272 [1875] 302 [2080]
Over 0.125 [3.17] to 0.150 [3.81], incl 190 [1310] 265 [1825] 295 [2035]
Over 0.150 [3.81] to 0.500 [12.7], incl 180 [1240] 260 [1795] 290 [2000]
A
When wire is straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90 % of the values listed in the table.
B
Aged at 850 °F [454 °C] for
1
⁄
2
h and air cooled.
TABLE 4 Tensile Strength Requirement for Type 302 Class 2
Diameter, in. [mm]
ksi [MPa]
Cold Drawn
Nominal
Stress Relieved
A
min max
0.050 [1.30] to 0.160
[4.00], incl 290 [2000] 290 [2000] 340 [2345]
A
Stress relieved at 800 °F to 850 °F [430 °C to 455 °C] for
1
⁄
2
h and air cooled.
A313/A313M − 18 (2025)
3

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摘要：

ASTM A313 - A 313M - 18 (2025) 是国际权威材料标准，专门规定不锈钢弹簧丝的技术要求、化学成分、机械性能及测试方法。该标准涵盖奥氏体、马氏体及沉淀硬化型不锈钢丝材，适用于制造高弹性、耐腐蚀的弹簧元件，广泛应用于汽车、航空航天、医疗器械及精密仪器等领域。最新2025版本更新了室温拉伸强度、松弛特性及表面质量要求，确保材料在高温或腐蚀环境下的长期可靠性。本规格提供公制（A313M）与英制（A313）双单位体系，便于全球采购与质量控制。采购商可依据该标准验证弹簧丝的弹性极限

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