ASTM A217 - A 217M - 25 用于压力容器的钢铸件马氏体不锈钢和合金标准规范适用于高温服务

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Designation: A217/A217M −25 Endorsed by Manufacturers Standardization Society

of the Valve and Fittings Industry

Endorsed by American Foundrymen’s Society

Used in USDOE-NE Standards

Standard Speciﬁcation for

Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for

Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature

Service

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A217/A217M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year

of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.

A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope*

1.1 This speciﬁcation

covers martensitic stainless steel and

alloy steel castings for valves, ﬂanges, ﬁttings, and other

pressure-containing parts (Note 1) intended primarily for

high-temperature and corrosive service (Note 2).

1.2 One grade of martensitic stainless steel and nine grades

of ferritic alloy steel are covered. Selection will depend on

design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and the

high-temperature and corrosion-resistant characteristics (Note

3).

NOTE 1—Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are cov-

ered by Speciﬁcation A216/A216M. Low alloy quench-and-tempered

grades equivalent to Speciﬁcation A217/A217M grades may be found in

both Speciﬁcations A352/A352M and A487/A487M.

NOTE 2—The grades covered by this speciﬁcation represent materials

that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought

steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades

possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of

the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique. Since

these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature

and corrosion-resistant service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser

to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being

given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.

NOTE 3—The committee formulating this speciﬁcation has included

nine grades of materials that are considered to represent basic types of

ferritic alloy steels suitable for valves, ﬂanges, ﬁttings, and other pressure-

containing parts. Additional alloy steels that may better fulﬁll certain types

of service will be considered for inclusion in this speciﬁcation by the

committee as the need becomes apparent.

1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units

are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in

each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each

system shall be used independently of the other. Combining

values from the two systems may result in nonconformance

with the standard.

1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

A216/A216M Speciﬁcation for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-

able for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service

A352/A352M Speciﬁcation for Steel Castings, Ferritic and

Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for

Low-Temperature Service

A487/A487M Speciﬁcation for Steel Castings Suitable for

Pressure Service

A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualiﬁ-

cations of Procedures and Personnel

A703/A703M Speciﬁcation for Steel Castings, General

Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts

A802/A802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Accep-

tance Standards, Visual Examination

A985/A985M Speciﬁcation for Steel Investment Castings

General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts

2.2 AWS Speciﬁcations:

A5.5/A5.5M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal

Arc Welding

This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,

Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

A01.18 on Castings.

Current edition approved May 1, 2025. Published May 2025. Originally

approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as A217/A217M – 22.

DOI: 10.1520/A0217_A0217M-25.

For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Speciﬁ-

cation SA-217/SA 217M in Section II of that code.

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of

ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary

page on the ASTM website.

Available from American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJuene Rd., Miami, FL

33126, http://www.aws.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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A5.23/A5.23M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for

Submerged Arc Welding

A5.28/A5.28M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for

Gas Shielded Arc Welding

A5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored

Arc Welding

3. General Conditions for Delivery

3.1 Except for investment castings, castings furnished to

this speciﬁcation shall conform to the requirements of Speci-

ﬁcation A703/A703M, including any supplementary require-

ments that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to

comply with the general requirements of Speciﬁcation A703/

A703M constitutes nonconformance with this speciﬁcation. In

case of conﬂict between the requirements of this speciﬁcation

and Speciﬁcation A703/A703M, this speciﬁcation shall pre-

vail.

3.2 Steel investment castings furnished to this speciﬁcation

shall conform to the requirements of Speciﬁcation A985/

A985M, including any supplementary requirements that are

indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the

general requirements of Speciﬁcation A985/A985M consti-

tutes nonconformance with this speciﬁcation. In case of con-

ﬂict between the requirements of this speciﬁcation and Speci-

ﬁcation A985/A985M, Speciﬁcation A985/A985M shall

prevail.

4. Ordering Information

4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the

following:

4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or

drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the

casting drawing),

4.1.2 Grade of steel,

4.1.3 Options in the speciﬁcation,

4.1.4 Whether the castings are to be produced using the

investment casting process, and

4.1.5 The supplementary requirements desired, including

the standards of acceptance.

5. Heat Treatment

5.1 All castings shall receive a heat treatment proper to their

design and chemical composition.

5.2 Castings shall be furnished in the normalized and

tempered conditions; Grades WC1, WC4, WC5, WC6, and

CA15 shall be tempered at 1100 °F [595 °C] min; Grades

WC9, C5, C12, and WC11 shall be tempered at 1250 °F

[675 °C] min; Grade C12A shall be thermally treated, either by

normalizing and tempering or by accelerated cooling from the

austenitizing temperature by air blasting or liquid quenching,

followed by tempering. C12A castings shall be austenitized at

1900 to 1975 °F [1040 to 1080 °C] and tempered at 1350 to

1470 °F [730 to 800 °C].

5.3 Heat treatment shall be performed after castings have

been allowed to cool below the transformation range.

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 The steel shall be in accordance with the requirements

as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1 (Note 4).

TABLE 1 Composition Requirements

A,B

Element, %

Grade

UNS Number

Type

WC1

J12524

C-Mo

WC4

J12082

Ni-Cr-Mo

WC5

J22000

Ni-Cr-Mo

WC6

J12072

Cr-Mo

WC9

J21890

Cr-Mo

WC11

J11872

Cr-Mo

J42045

Cr-Mo

C12

J82090

Cr-Mo

C12A

J84090

Cr-Mo-V

CA15

J91150

Carbon 0.25 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.18 0.15–0.21 0.20 0.20 0.08-0.12 0.15

Manganese 0.50–0.80 0.50–0.80 0.40–0.70 0.50–0.80 0.40–0.70 0.50–0.80 0.40–0.70 0.35–0.65 0.30–0.60 1.00

Phosphorus 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.035

0.035 0.020 0.04

0.035

0.025 0.040

Sulfur 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.035

0.035

0.015 0.045

0.035

0.010 0.025

Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.30–0.60 0.75 1.00 0.20–0.50 1.50

Nickel . . . 0.70–1.10 0.60–1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 1.00

Chromium . . . 0.50–0.80 0.50–0.90 1.00–1.50 2.00–2.75 1.00–1.50 4.00–6.50 8.00–10.00 8.0–9.5 11.5–14.0

Molybdenum 0.45–0.65 0.45–0.65 0.90–1.20 0.45–0.65 0.90–1.20 0.45–0.65 0.45–0.65 0.90–1.20 0.85–1.05 0.50

Niobium

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03 0.060–0.10 . . .

Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.030–0.070 . . .

Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.06 0.18–0.25 . . .

Speciﬁed Residual Elements

Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 . . . . . . 0.02 . . .

Copper 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.50 0.50 . . . . . .

Nickel 0.50 . . . . . . 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 . . . . . .

Chromium 0.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 . . .

Tungsten 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 . . . 0.10 0.10 . . . . . .

Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zirconium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 . . .

Total Content of

Residual Elements

1.00 0.60 0.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 . . . . . .

Where ellipses ({) appear in this table, there is no requirement, and the element need not be analyzed for or reported.

All values are maximums unless a range is provided.

For lower maximum phosphorus or sulfur contents, see Supplementary Requirement S52.

Columbium (Cb) and niobium (Nb) are interchangeable names for the same element 41.

A217/A217M − 25

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NOTE 4—The role of alloying elements in the development of Grade

C12A has been extensively investigated. V and Nb contribute to precipi-

tation strengthening by forming ﬁne and coherent precipitation of M(C,

N)X carbo-nitrides in the ferrite matrix. V also precipitates as VN during

tempering or during creep. The two elements are more effective in

combination. Therefore, the addition of strong nitride-forming elements,

those with a stronger affinity for nitrogen than Nb and V, as deoxidation

agents, interferes with these high-temperature strengthening mechanisms.

7. Mechanical Properties

7.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the require-

ments as to tensile properties given in Table 2.

7.2 C12A castings shall be hardness tested in accordance

with Supplementary Requirement S13, and shall have a Brinell

hardness of 185-248 HBW.

8. Quality

8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually

and shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears.

Other surface discontinuities shall meet the visual acceptance

standards speciﬁed in the order. Practice A802/A802M or other

visual standards may be used to deﬁne acceptable surface

discontinuities and ﬁnish. Unacceptable visual surface discon-

tinuities shall be removed and their removal veriﬁed by visual

examination of the resultant cavities. When methods involving

high temperatures are used in the removal of discontinuities,

castings shall be preheated to at least the minimum tempera-

tures in Table 3.

8.2 Hollow castings of Grade C12A, larger than NPS 4 [DN

100], and whose internal surfaces are not accessible to the

visual examination in 8.1, shall be examined by the ultrasonic

examination prescribed in Supplementary Requirement S7.

Castings producing a signal equal to or greater than the lowest

signal produced by the referenced discontinuities shall be

identiﬁed and separated from the acceptable castings. The area

producing the signal may be re-examined. Such castings shall

be rejected if the test signals were produced by imperfections

that cannot be identiﬁed or were produced by cracks or

crack-like imperfections. Such castings may be repaired. To be

accepted, a repaired casting shall pass the ultrasonic examina-

tion and shall meet the minimum wall thickness requirements

of the purchase order.

8.3 When additional inspection is desired, Supplementary

Requirements S4, S5, and S10 may be ordered.

8.4 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-

nated to stop leaks.

9. Repair by Welding

9.1 Repairs shall be made using procedures and welders

qualiﬁed under Practice A488/A488M.

9.2 All repair welds in C12A castings shall be made with

one of the following welding processes and consumables:

SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B91; SAW, A5.23/A5.23M

EB91 + Neutral Flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B91; and

FCAW, A5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B91. In addition, the sum of the

Ni + Mn content in all welding consumables used to weld

repair C12A castings shall not exceed 1.0 %. Weld-repaired

Grade C12A castings shall be post-weld heat treated at 1350 to

1470 °F [730 to 800 °C].

9.3 Weld repairs shall be inspected to the same quality

standards that are used to inspect the castings. When castings

are produced with Supplementary Requirement S4 speciﬁed,

weld repairs shall be inspected by magnetic particle examina-

tion to the same standards that are used to inspect the castings.

When castings are produced with Supplementary Requirement

S5 speciﬁed, weld repairs on castings that have leaked on

hydrostatic test, or on castings in which the depth of any cavity

prepared for repair welding exceeds 20 % of the wall thickness

or 1 in. [25 mm], whichever is smaller, or on castings in which

any cavity prepared for welding is greater than approximately

10 in.

[65 cm

], shall be radiographed to the same standards

that are used to inspect the castings.

9.4 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of a

casting that has leaked on hydrostatic test, or when the depth of

the cavity prepared for welding exceeds 20 % of the wall

thickness or 1 in. [25 mm], whichever is smaller, or when the

extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10 in.

[65 cm

All castings with major repair welds shall be thermally stress

relieved or completely reheat treated. This mandatory stress

Viswanathan, R. and Bakker, W. T., Materials for Ultra Supercritical Fossil

Power Plants, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, 2000. TR-114750.

TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements

Grade

Tensile

Strength,

ksi

[MPa]

Yield

Strength,

ksi [MPa]

Elonga-

tion in

2 in.

[50 mm],

Reduc-

tion of

Area,

WC1 65–90

[450–620]

35 [240] 24 35

WC4, WC5, WC6, WC9 70–95

[485–655]

40 [275] 20 35

WC11 80–105

[550–725]

50 [345] 18 45

C5, C12 90–115

[620–795]

60 [415] 18 35

C12A 85–110

[585–760]

60 [415] 18 45

CA15 90–115

[620–795]

65 [450] 18 30

All values are minimums unless a range is provided.

Determine by either 0.2 % offset method or 0.5 % extension-under-load method.

When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in Speciﬁcation

A703/A703M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.

TABLE 3 Minimum Preheat Temperatures

Grade Thickness, in. [mm]

Minimum

Preheat

Temperature,

°F [°C]

WC1

⁄

and under

Over

⁄

[15.9]

50 [10]

250 [120]

WC4 All 300 [150]

WC5 All 300 [150]

WC6 All 300 [150]

WC9 All 400 [200]

WC11 All 300 [150]

C5 All 400 [200]

C12 All 400 [200]

C12A All 400 [200]

CA15 All 400 [200]

A217/A217M − 25

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ASTM A217 - A 217M - 25 用于压力容器的钢铸件马氏体不锈钢和合金标准规范适用于高温服务

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