ASTM E353 - 25 不锈钢、耐热钢、马氏体时效钢及其他类似铬镍铁合金化学分析的标准试验方法

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Designation: E353 −25

Standard Test Methods for

Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging,

and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation E353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of

stainless, heat-resisting, maraging, and other similar

chromium-nickel-iron alloys having chemical compositions

within the following limits:

Element Composition Range, %

Aluminum 0.002 to 5.50

Boron 0.001 to 0.20

Carbon 0.01 to 1.50

Chromium 0.01 to 35.00

Cobalt 0.01 to 15.00

Niobium 0.01 to 4.00

Copper 0.01 to 5.00

Lead 0.001 to 0.50

Manganese 0.01 to 20.00

Molybdenum 0.01 to 7.00

Nickel 0.01 to 48.00

Nitrogen 0.001 to 0.50

Phosphorus 0.002 to 0.35

Selenium 0.01 to 0.50

Silicon 0.01 to 4.00

Sulfur 0.002 to 0.50

Tantalum 0.01 to 0.80

Tin 0.001 to 0.05

Titanium 0.01 to 4.50

Tungsten 0.01 to 4.50

Vanadium 0.005 to 1.00

Zirconium 0.001 to 0.20

1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the

sections indicated below:

Sections

Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric

Method (0.20 % to 7.00 %)

119–126

Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric

Method (0.003 % to 0.20 %)

71–81

Carbon, Total, by the Combustion–Thermal Conductivity

Method–Discontinued 1986

153–163

Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method

(0.05 % to 1.50 %)–Discontinued 2013

98–108

Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)

202–211

Sections

Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation–Titration

Method (0.10 % to 35.00 %)

212–220

Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric

Method-Discontinued 1980

145–152

Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange–Potentiometric Titration

Method (2 % to 15 %)

53–60

Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric

Method (0.01 % to 5.0 %)

61–70

Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method

(0.01 % to 5.00) %)

109–118

Copper by the Sulﬁde Precipitation-Electrodeposition

Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)

82–89

Lead by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.50 %)

127–136

Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric

Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)

9–18

Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline

Gravimetric Method

242–249

Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric

Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)

190–201

Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1

% to 48.0 %)

172–179

Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to

0.35 %)

164–171

Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue

Spectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.35 %)

19–30

Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 4.00 %) 46–52

Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1988 30–36

Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005

% to 0.5 %)-Discontinued 2014

37–45

Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method-

Discontinued 1980

137–144

Tin by the Solvent Extraction–Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)

180–189

Tin by the Sulﬁde Precipitation-Iodometric Titration

Method (0.01 % to 0.05 %)

90–97

Titanium by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric

Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %)

231–241

Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %)

221–230

1.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur

not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods

E1019.

1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too

broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this

standard contains multiple test methods for some elements.

The user must select the proper test method by matching the

information given in the Scope and Interference sections of

each method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.

These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on

Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the direct

responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.

Current edition approved May 15, 2025. Published May 2025. Originally

approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E353 – 19

ɛ1

. DOI:

10.1520/E0353-25.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

standard.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-

mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Speciﬁc hazards statements are given in Section 6and in

special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.

1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

E29 Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to

Determine Conformance with Speciﬁcations

E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-

erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and

Related Materials

E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related

Materials by Spectrophotometry

E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for

Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

E173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of

Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn

1997)

E350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,

Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and

Wrought Iron

E351 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All

Types

E352 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and

Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels

E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-

Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,

Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys

E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the

Chemical Analysis Laboratory

E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,

Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt

Alloys by Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion Techniques

E1024 Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal

Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectropho-

tometry (Withdrawn 2004)

E1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to

Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method

E1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determina-

tion of Chemical Composition

2.2 Other Document:

ISO 5725 Precision of Test Methods—Determination of

Repeatability and Reproducibility for Inter-Laboratory

Tests

3. Terminology

3.1 For deﬁnitions of terms used in these test methods, refer

to Terminology E135.

4. Signiﬁcance and Use

4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals

and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test

such materials for compliance with compositional

speciﬁcations, particularly those under the jurisdiction of

ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related

Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will

be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory

procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be

performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate

quality control practices such as those described in Guide

E882.

5. Apparatus, Reagents, and Instrumental Practices

5.1 Apparatus—Specialized apparatus requirements are

listed in the “Apparatus” Section in each method.

5.1.1 In the methods specifying spectrophotometric testing,

the cells utilized to contain the reference material solutions and

the sample solutions in spectrophotometers are referred to as

“absorption cells.” Please note that the radiant energy passed

through the cells can be measured as absorbance or transmit-

tance. These methods refer to absorbance measurements. Refer

to Practices E60 for details.

5.2 Reagents:

5.2.1 Purity of Reagents—Refer to Practice E50, Section

5.2, for the purity of reagents provision.

5.2.2 Purity of Water—Refer to Practice E50, Section 5.1,

for the purity of water provision.

5.3 Spectrophotometric Practice—Spectrophotometric

practice prescribed in these test methods shall conform to

Practice E60.

6. Hazards

6.1 For precautions to be observed in the use of certain

reagents and equipment in these methods, refer to Practices

E50.

7. Sampling

7.1 For procedures to sample the material, refer to Practice

E1806.

8. Interlaboratory Studies and Rounding Calculated

Values

8.1 These test methods have been evaluated as directed in

Practice E173 (withdrawn 1997) or ISO 5725. Practice E173

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of

ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary

page on the ASTM website.

The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on

www.astm.org.

Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,

4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, www.ansi.org.

E353 − 25

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has been replaced by Practice E1601. The reproducibility, R2,

of Practice E173 corresponds to the reproducibility index Rof

Practice E1601. The repeatability, R1, of Practice E173 corre-

sponds to the repeatability index, r, of Practice E1601.

8.2 Rounding of test results obtained using this test method

shall be performed as directed in ASTM E29, Rounding

Method, unless an alternative rounding method is speciﬁed by

the customer or applicable material speciﬁcation.

MANGANESE BY THE META PERIODATE

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD

9. Scope

9.1 This method covers the determination of manganese

from 0.01 % to 5.00 %.

10. Summary of Method

10.1 Manganous ions are oxidized to permanganate ions by

treatment with periodate. Tungsten when present at composi-

tions greater than 0.5 % is kept in solution with H

Solutions of the samples are fumed with HClO

so that the

effect of periodate is limited to the oxidation of manganese.

Spectrophotometric absorbance measurement is made at 545

nm.

11. Concentration Range

11.1 The recommended concentration range is 0.15 mg to

0.8 mg of manganese per 50 mL of solution, using a 1-cm cell

(see Note 1) and a spectrophotometer with a band width of 10

nm or less.

NOTE 1—This method has been written for cells having a 1-cm light

path and a “narrow-band” instrument. The concentration range depends

upon band width and spectral region used as well as cell optical path

length. Cells having other dimensions may be used, provided suitable

adjustments can be made in the amounts of sample and reagents used.

12. Stability of Color

12.1 The color is stable for at least 24 h.

13. Interferences

13.1 HClO

treatment, which is used in the procedure,

yields solutions which can be highly colored due to the

presence of Cr (VI) ions. Although these ions and other colored

ions in the sample solution undergo no further change in color

quality upon treatment with metaperiodate ion, the following

precautions must be observed when ﬁlter spectrophotometers

are used: Select a ﬁlter with maximum transmittance between

545 nm and 565 nm. The ﬁlter must transmit not more than 5 %

of its maximum at a wavelength shorter than 530 nm. The band

width of the ﬁlter should be less than 30 nm when measured at

50 % of its maximum transmittance. Similar restrictions apply

with respect to the wavelength region employed when other

“wide-band” instruments are used.

13.2 The spectral transmittance curve of permanganate ions

exhibits two useful minima, one at approximately 526 nm, and

the other at 545 nm. The latter is recommended when a

“narrow-band” spectrophotometer is used.

13.3 Tungsten, when present in amounts of more than 0.5 %

interferes by producing a turbidity in the ﬁnal solution. A

special procedure is provided for use with samples containing

more than 0.5 % tungsten which eliminates the problem by

preventing the precipitation of the tungsten.

14. Reagents

14.1 Manganese, Standard Solution (1 mL = 0.032 mg

Mn)—Transfer the equivalent of 0.4000 g of assayed, high-

purity manganese (purity: 99.99 % minimum), to a 500-mL

volumetric ﬂask and dissolve in 20 mL of HNO

by heating.

Cool, dilute to volume, and mix. Using a pipet, transfer 20 mL

to a 500-mL volumetric ﬂask, dilute to volume, and mix.

14.2 Nitric-Phosphoric Acid Mixture—Cautiously, while

stirring, add 100 mL of HNO

and 400 mL of H

to 400

mL of water. Cool, dilute to 1 L, and mix. Prepare fresh as

needed.

14.3 Potassium Metaperiodate Solution (7.5 g/L)—Dissolve

7.5 g of potassium metaperiodate (KIO

) in 200 mL of hot

HNO

(1 + 1), add 400 mL of H

, cool, dilute to 1 L, and

mix.

14.4 Water, Pretreated with Metaperiodate—Add 20 mL of

KIO

solution to 1 L of water, mix, heat at not less than 90°C

for 20 min to 30 min, and cool. Use this water to dilute

solutions to volume that have been treated with KIO

solution

to oxidize manganese, and thus avoid reduction of permangan-

ate ions by any reducing agents in the untreated water.

Caution—Avoid the use of this water for other purposes.

15. Preparation of Calibration Curve

15.1 Calibration Solutions—Using pipets, transfer 5 mL, 10

mL, 15 mL, 20 mL, and 25 mL of manganese standard solution

(1 mL = 0.032 mg Mn) to 50-mL borosilicate glass volumetric

ﬂasks, and if necessary, dilute to approximately 25 mL.

Proceed as directed in 15.3.

15.2 Reference Solution—Transfer approximately 25 mL of

water to a 50-mL borosilicate glass volumetric ﬂask. Proceed

as directed in 15.3.

15.3 Color Development—Add 10 mL of KIO

solution,

and heat the solutions at not less than 90°C for 20 min to 30

min (Note 2). Cool, dilute to volume with pretreated water, and

mix.

NOTE 2—Immersing the ﬂasks in a boiling water bath is a preferred

means of heating them for the speciﬁed period to ensure complete color

development.

15.4 Spectrophotometry:

15.4.1 Multiple-Cell Spectrophotometer—Measure the cell

correction using the Reference Solution (15.2) in absorption

cells with a 1-cm light path and using a light band centered at

545 nm. Using the test cell, take the spectrophotometric

absorbance readings of the calibration solutions versus the

Reference Solution (15.2).

15.4.2 Single-Cell Spectrophotometer—Transfer a suitable

portion of the Reference Solution (15.2) to an absorption cell

with a 1-cm light path and adjust the spectrophotometer to the

initial setting, using a light band centered at 545 nm. While

E353 − 25

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标签： #不锈钢 #钢 #合金

摘要：

ASTM E353 - 25 是国际权威材料测试协会发布的最新版本标准，专门针对不锈钢、耐热钢、马氏体时效钢及其他类似铬镍铁合金的化学成分分析提供标准试验方法。该标准详细规定了如何通过湿化学法、仪器分析法等手段准确测定钢中主要合金元素与微量元素的含量，确保材料符合工业制造、航空航天、石化设备及医疗器械等高端应用领域的质量要求。遵循ASTM E353 - 25可帮助企业有效控制原料与成品成分偏差，提升检测数据的国际互认性，优化产品质量并满足欧美市场准入标准。本文件适用于冶金实验室、第三方检测机构及

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ASTM E353 - 25 不锈钢、耐热钢、马氏体时效钢及其他类似铬镍铁合金化学分析的标准试验方法

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