ASTM B1009 - 24 土木结构中近表面安装用钛合金棒的标准规范

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Designation: B1009 −24
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Titanium Alloy Bars for Near Surface Mounts in Civil
Structures
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B1009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers titanium alloy bars with sur-
face deformations and 90-degree anchorage hooks for use as
near surface mounts for ﬂexural and shear strengthening of
concrete beams. The product can be furnished with or without
anchorage hooks as speciﬁed by the purchaser. If supplied
without hooks, the hooks shall be bent on-site prior to
installation, as this method requires two 90-degree anchorage
hooks.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A944 Test Method for Comparing Bond Strength of Steel
Reinforcing Bars to Concrete Using Beam-End Speci-
mens
B348 Speciﬁcation for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars
and Billets
D7913/D7913M Test Method for Bond Strength of Fiber-
Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars to Concrete
by Pullout Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
terials
E29 Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Speciﬁcations
E539 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro-
gen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Re-
active Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas
Fusion with Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infra-
red Spectrometry
E1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-
tory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion
Analysis
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-
Based Test Methodology)
E2994 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow
Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-
Based Method)
2.2 CRSI Standard:
3
CRSI Manual of Standard Practice
2.3 ACI Standard:
4
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-
crete
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.1.1 bar, n—a hot rolled, forged, extruded or cold worked
semi-ﬁnished solid section product whose cross-sectional area
is equal to or less than 16 in.
2
(10 323 mm
2
).
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2024. Published November 2024. Originally
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as B1009 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/B1009-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI), 933 N. Plum
Grove Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60173, www.crsi.org.
4
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr.,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439, www.concrete.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

3.1.2 bonding material, n—material used to bond the tita-
nium near surface mount to the concrete substrate; these
materials can include epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester resins, and
cementitious grouts.
3.1.3 deformed bar, n—titanium bar with rough surface to
promote bond strength with bonding material and concrete; a
bar that is intended for use as reinforcement in concrete
construction.
3.1.4 out to out dimension, n—if a bar contains two 90-
degree anchorage hooks, it is the dimension from the outside of
the one hook to the outside of the other hook.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this speciﬁcation shall include
the following information as applicable:
4.1.1 Quantity (length),
4.1.2 Bar designation number (size) of deformed bars,
4.1.3 Number of anchorage hooks (0, 1, or 2) to be supplied
by manufacturer along with length and bend diameter of hook
per CRSI Manual of Standard Practice,
4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.5 Mechanical Properties or Class (Table 1),
4.1.6 Marking (Section 15.1),
4.1.7 Packaging (Section 15.2),
4.1.8 Required reports (Section 14), and
4.1.9 Disposition of rejected material (Section 13).
4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additional
requirements including but not limited to, the following:
4.2.1 Require bars in each bundle to be supplied from a
single heat,
4.2.2 Requirements for inspection,
4.2.3 Other special requirements.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The titanium alloy metal covered by this speciﬁcation
shall conform to the requirements as to the chemical compo-
sition prescribed in Table 2 (reference Speciﬁcation B348
Grade 5).
5.1.1 The elements listed in Table 3 are intentional alloy
additions or elements which are inherent to the manufacture of
titanium sponge, ingot or mill product.
5.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 2 are
deemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table
2by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrap
additions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis for
elements not listed in Table 2 shall not be required unless
speciﬁed and shall be considered to be in excess of the intent
of this speciﬁcation.
5.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must be
identiﬁed, analyzed and reported in the chemical analysis.
5.2 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser and
requested by the purchaser in his written purchase order,
chemical analysis shall be completed for speciﬁc residual
elements not listed in this speciﬁcation.
5.3 Product Analysis:
5.3.1 Product analysis tolerances do not broaden the speci-
ﬁed heat analysis requirements but cover variations between
laboratories in the measurement of chemical content. The
manufacturer shall not ship material which is outside the limits
speciﬁed in Table 2. Product analysis limits shall be as
speciﬁed in Table 3.
5.3.2 The product analysis is either for the purpose of
verifying the composition of a heat or manufacturing lot or for
determining variations in the composition within the heat.
5.3.3 Acceptance or rejection of a heat or manufacturing lot
of a material must be made by the purchaser on the basis of this
product analysis. Product analyses outside the tolerance limits
allowed in Table 3 are cause for rejection of the product. A
referee analysis may be used if agreed upon by supplier and
purchaser.
5.3.4 For referee purposes, use Test Methods E539,E1409,
E1447,E1941,E2371, and E2994 or other analytical methods
agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
5.4 Samples for chemical analyses shall be representative of
the material being tested. The utmost care must be used in
sampling titanium for chemical analysis because of its great
affinity for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
Therefore, in cutting samples for analysis, the operation should
be carried out insofar as possible in a dust-free atmosphere.
Chips should be collected from clean metal and tools should be
clean and sharp. Samples for analysis should be stored in
suitable containers.
5.5 At least two samples for chemical analysis shall be
tested to determine chemical composition. Samples shall be
taken from the ingot or from the opposite extremes of the
product to be analyzed. For product hydrogen, one sample
representative of the lot shall be analyzed.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 Material supplied under this speciﬁcation shall conform
to the mechanical property requirements given in Table 1, as
applicable. Higher strength bars can be ordered if agreed upon
between purchaser and supplier.
6.2 Tension testing specimens shall be the full cross-section
of the as-supplied bar with surface deformations and tested in
accordance with Test Method E8/E8M. Unit stress determina-
tions for yield and tensile strength shall be based on the
average cross sectional-area deﬁned in 8.2. Tensile properties
shall be determined using a strain rate of 0.003 in. ⁄in. ⁄min to
0.007 in. ⁄in. ⁄min through the speciﬁed yield strength, and then
increasing the rate so as to produce failure in approximately
one additional minute.
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
B
Class Tensile Strength,
min
Yield Strength
(0.2 % Offset),
min or range
Elongation in
4D
A
or 2 in.
(50 mm), min
%
ksi MPa ksi MPa
120 130 895 120 828 10
130 140 965 130 895 10
A
Dis equivalent to the nominal diameter of the bar as described in Table 4.
B
The cross-sectional area used to determine strength shall be the s
Ti
calculated
in 8.2.
B1009 − 24
2

7. Bond Strength

7.1 To enhance bond along the length of the titanium alloy

bar, surface deformations are required. The surface deforma-

tions may be rolled or machined or produced by another

suitable method to deform the surface. The surface deforma-

tions shall be sufficient to preclude failure along the titanium

alloy bar-bonding material interface. The deformations must be

capable of producing 1.0 ksi (6.9 MPa) average bond stress

over the bar surface area based on nominal circumference

along the straight length of the titanium alloy bar in a direct

pullout conﬁguration to enable development of the nominal

yield stress. The supplier must have evidence that the chosen

deformation pattern meets the bond strength requirement based

on a pullout test. The type of test shall be agreed upon between

the purchaser and the producer.

8. Dimensions, Weight, and Permissible Variations

8.1 Size—The standard sizes and dimensions of the de-

formed bars and their number designations are given in Table

8.2 Cross-sectional Area—The cross-sectional area of the

bars with surface deformations shall be established based on

the weight of a bar of known length. The minimum length to be

used is 3 ft (1 m). The total weight shall be divided by the

titanium unit weight of 276 lb ⁄ft

(4419 kg ⁄m

) and the total

bar length to determine the effective bar area. A minimum of 5

bars shall be used to develop the average (Ā

)cross-sectional

area.

8.3 Permissible Variations in Weight (Mass)—Deformed

bars shall be evaluated on the basis of nominal weight (mass).

The weight (mass) determined using the measured weight

(mass) of the test specimen and rounding in accordance with

Practice E29, shall be at least 94 % of the applicable weight

(mass) per unit length prescribed in Table 4. In no case shall

overweight (excess mass) of any deformed bar be the cause for

rejection.

8.4 Length—The length tolerance of each bar shall be -0 in.

/ +6 in. (-0 mm / +152 mm) with zero or one hooked end. Hook

length tolerance to be provided by purchaser. Out to out

tolerance to be provided by purchaser if requesting both hooks

to be bent by manufacturer.

9. Bending Requirements

9.1 The bend-test specimen shall withstand being bent

around a mandrel without cracking on the outside radius of the

bent portion. The bar may be heated up to 1250 °F (677 °C)

prior to bending. The bars shall have a ﬁnal bend of 90° and

shall account for any spring back. The requirements for sizes of

mandrels are prescribed in Table 5.

TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements

Composition, Weight Percent

A,B,C,D,E

Grade Carbon,

max

Oxygen,

max

Nitrogen,

max

Hydrogen,

max

Iron,

max Aluminum Vanadium

Other

Elements,

max each

Other

Elements,

max total

5 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.015 0.40 5.5-6.75 3.5-4.5 0.1 0.4

At minimum, the analysis of samples from the top and bottom of the ingot shall be completed and reported for all elements listed for the respective grade in this table.

Final product hydrogen shall be reported. Ingot hydrogen need not be reported. Lower hydrogen may be obtained by negotiation with the manufacturer.

Single values are maximum. The percentage of titanium is determined by difference.

Other elements need not be reported unless the concentration level is greater than 0.1 % each, or 0.4 % total. Other elements may not be added intentionally. Other

elements may be present in titanium or titanium alloys in small quantities and are inherent to the manufacturing process. In titanium these elements typically include

aluminum, vanadium, tin, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron,

manganese, and tungsten.

The purchaser may, in the written purchase order, request analysis for speciﬁc elements not listed in this speciﬁcation.

TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Product Analysis

Element Product Analysis Limits,

max or Range, %

Permissible Variation in

Product Analysis

Aluminum 2.5-6.75 ±0.40

Carbon 0.10 +0.02

Hydrogen 0.02 +0.002

Iron 0.80 +0.15

Nitrogen 0.05 +0.02

Oxygen 0.30 +0.03

Vanadium 0.6-4.5 ±0.15

Residuals,

each 0.15 +0.02

A residual is an element present in a metal or alloy in small quantities and is

inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium these

elements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium,

zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt,

tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.

TABLE 4 Deformed Bar Designation Numbers, Nominal Diameter,

Nominal Weight

Bar Designation

No.

Nominal Diameter

in. (mm)

Nominal Weight

lb/ft (kg/m)

2 0.250 (6.35) 0.094 (0.140)

3 0.375 (9.5) 0.212 (0.315)

4 0.500 (12.7) 0.377 (0.561)

5 0.625 (15.9) 0.589 (0.877)

6 0.750 (19.1) 0.848 (1.262)

The nominal diameter of a deformed bar is equivalent to a plain round bar having

the same weight (mass) per foot (meter) as the deformed bar.

TABLE 5 Bend Test Requirements

Bar Designation No. Mandrel Diameter of Bend Tests

in. mm

2 1.5 38

3 2.25 57

4 3 76

5 3.75 95

6 4.5 114

Mandrel diameter per CRSI Manual of Standard Practice and ACI 318. Mandrel

diameter = 6 times bar diameter.

B1009 − 24

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标签： #合金 #结构 #钛合金

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本规范文档《ASTM B1009 - 24 土木结构中近表面安装用钛合金棒的标准规范》详细规定了用于土木工程中近表面加固与安装的钛合金棒材的化学成分、力学性能、尺寸公差及测试方法。该标准适用于在混凝土或砌体结构表面附近植入的高强度耐腐蚀钛合金棒，旨在提升结构的抗弯、抗剪及抗震能力，尤其适用于桥梁、隧道及历史建筑加固等关键应用场景。文档还涵盖了材料标识、质量保证及验收要求，为工程师、承包商和检测机构提供了统一的执行与合规依据。

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