ASTM A565 - A 565M - 10 (2025) 高温用马氏体不锈钢棒材标准规范

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Designation: A565/A565M −10 (Reapproved 2025)
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars for High-Temperature
Service
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A565/A565M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers hot-ﬁnished and cold-ﬁnished
martensitic chromium steel bars for high-temperature service.
The mechanical properties are developed by suitable heat
treatment, as indicated for each alloy.
1.2 Where strength at temperature is a factor, these steels
are generally limited to a maximum service temperature of
1200 °F [650 °C]. For oxidation (scaling) resistance and at low
stresses, these steels are useful to 1450 °F [790 °C].
1.3 This speciﬁcation is expressed in both inch-pound units
and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
speciﬁes the applicable Mspeciﬁcation designation (SI units),
the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
formance with the speciﬁcation.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A370 Test Methods and Deﬁnitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A484/A484M Speciﬁcation for General Requirements for
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, Shapes, and Forgings
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
Steel Products
A994 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product
Speciﬁcations for Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related
Alloys
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch
Tension Tests of Materials
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
Uniﬁed Numbering System (UNS)
E562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by
Systematic Manual Point Count
2.2 SAE Document:
3
SAE J1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals
and Alloys (UNS)
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
speciﬁcation. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to, the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces);
3.1.2 Name of material (martensitic stainless steel);
3.1.3 Form (bar, and so forth);
3.1.4 Condition;
3.1.5 Finish;
3.1.6 Size, or applicable dimension including diameter,
thickness, width, length, and so forth;
3.1.7 Grade designation (Table 1); and
3.1.8 ASTM designation number and date of issue.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Product furnished to this speciﬁcation shall conform to
the requirements of Speciﬁcation A484/A484M, including any
supplementary requirements indicated in the purchase order.
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.
Current edition approved March 1, 2025. Published April 2025. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A565 – 10 (2017)
ɛ1
.
DOI: 10.1520/A0565_A0565M-10R25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

Failure to comply with the general requirements of Speciﬁca-
tion A484/A484M constitutes nonconformance with this speci-
ﬁcation. In case of conﬂict between the requirements of this
speciﬁcation and Speciﬁcation A484/A484M, this speciﬁcation
shall prevail.
5. Manufacture
5.1 Heat Treatment:
5.1.1 The product forms covered in this speciﬁcation may
be furnished in one of the following conditions:
5.1.1.1 Condition A—Annealed,
5.1.1.2 Condition T—Heat treated (for machining),
5.1.1.3 Condition HT—Heat treated (for high-temperature
service), or
5.1.1.4 Condition H—Heat treated.
5.2 Condition and Finish:
5.2.1 Bars may be furnished in one of the following
hot-ﬁnished conditions:
5.2.1.1 Hot rolled, or
5.2.1.2 Rough turned (rounds only).
5.2.2 Bars may be furnished in one of the following
cold-ﬁnished conditions:
5.2.2.1 Cold drawn,
5.2.2.2 Centerless ground (rounds only), or
5.2.2.3 Polished (rounds only).
6. Chemical Requirements
6.1 Each alloy covered by this speciﬁcation shall conform to
the chemical composition speciﬁed in Table 1.
6.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis
required by this speciﬁcation shall be in accordance with Test
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
7. Metallurgical Requirements
7.1 The microstructure shall not contain more than 5 %
delta-ferrite after full heat treatment as described in Table 2.
Visual examination for the volume fraction of delta ferrite of
various representative areas of examination is acceptable.
When the visual estimation method indicates the delta ferrite
content is greater than the allowed limit, the manufacturer may
employ Test Method E562 for determining the acceptability of
the lot.
8. Mechanical Properties Requirements
8.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical properties
listed in Table 3 for the ordered condition.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Grade UNS
Desig-
nation
A
Carbon Man-
ganese
Phos-
phorus
Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Molyb-
denum
Vana-
dium
Tungsten Nitrogen Alumi-
num
Niobium Copper
XM-32 S64152 0.08–0.15 0.50–0.90 0.025
max
0.025
max
0.35 max 11.00–12.50 2.00–3.00 1.50–2.00 0.25–0.40 . . . 0.01–0.05 . . . . . . . . .
. . . S41041 0.13–0.18 0.40–0.60 0.030
max
0.030
max
0.50 max 11.50–13.00 0.50 max 0.20 max . . . . . . . . . 0.05
max
0.15
–0.45
...
. . . S41425 0.05 max 0.50–1.00 0.02 max 0.005
max
0.50 max 12.00–15.00 4.00–7.00 1.50–2.00 . . . . . . 0.06–0.12 . . . . . . 0.30
max
615 S41800 0.15–0.20 0.50 max 0.040
max
0.030
max
0.50 max 12.00–14.00 1.80–2.20 0.50 max . . . 2.50–3.50 . . . . . . . . . . . .
616 S42200 0.20–0.25 0.50–1.00 0.025
max
0.025
max
0.50 max 11.00–12.50 0.50–1.00 0.90–1.25 0.20–0.30 0.90–1.25 . . . . . . . . . . . .
619 S42300 0.27–0.32 0.95–1.35 0.025
max
0.025
max
0.50 max 11.00–12.00 0.50 max 2.50–3.00 0.20–0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S42226 0.15–0.20 0.50–0.80 0.020 0.010 0.20–0.60 10.0–11.5 0.30–0.60 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 0.25 0.04–0.08 0.05 0.35
–0.55
...
A
New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment
NOTE 1— If straightened, a stress-relieving treatment is necessary. Stress-relieving temperature should be 50 °F [28 °C] below the ﬁnal tempering
temperature.
NOTE 2—Air or oil quenching depends on section size; heavier sections, approximately 3 in. [76.2 mm] or greater, should be oil quenched. Suitable
synthetic quenchants may be substituted for oil.
Grade UNS Designation
A
Condition Heat Treatment
615 S41800 HT 1800 to 1850 °F [980 to 1010 °C], quench in air or oil and double temper at 1150 °F [620 °C] min for 2 h min for
each tempering treatment.
. . . S41425 HT 1700 to 1800 °F [925 to 980 °C], quench in air and temper at 1100 °F [595 °C] min for 1 h, min, per inch thickness.
616 S42200 HT 1875 to 1925 °F [1020 to 1050 °C], quench in air or oil and temper at 1150 °F [620 °C] min for 2 h min.
H 1875 to 1925 °F [1020 to 1050 °C], quench in air or oil and temper at 1250 °F [675 °C] min for 2 h min.
619 S42300 HT 1875 to 1925 °F [1020 to 1050 °C], quench in air or oil and temper at 1150 °F [620 °C] min for 2 h min.
XM-32 K64152 HT 1825 to 1875 °F [995 to 1020 °C], quench in air or oil and temper at 1050 °F [565 °C] min for 2 h min.
. . . S41041 HT 2075 to 2125 °F [1135 to 1165 °C] for 2 h min, quench in air or oil and temper at 1250 °F [675 °C] min for 2 h min.
. . . S42226 HT 2000 to 2500 °F [1095 to 1150 °C], quench in rapid air, oil, or polymer and temper at 1185 °F [640 °C] min.
A
New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.
A565/A565M − 10 (2025)
2

8.2 Material furnished in Condition A or T shall be capable

of developing the room-temperature properties speciﬁed for

Condition HT when subjected to heat treatment as speciﬁed in

Table 2.

8.3 The yield strength shall be determined by the offset

method as described in the current edition of Test Methods and

Deﬁnitions A370.

8.4 The impact strength shall be determined at 70 °F to

80 °F [21 °C to 27 °C], by Charpy V-notch specimen Type A as

described in Test Methods and Deﬁnitions A370.

8.5 Stress rupture testing of UNS S42226 shall be con-

ducted as speciﬁed in Table 4 using a combination test bar in

accordance with Test Methods E292. Rupture must occur in the

smooth section of each test specimen. The test may be

discontinued after the time speciﬁed, provided the certiﬁcation

so notes. Stress rupture testing is not required on bars less than

⁄

in. in diameter or thickness.

9. Keywords

9.1 martensitic stainless steel; stainless steel bars; stainless

steel billets; stainless steel forgings; temperature service

applications—high

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when speciﬁed by the purchaser in the

inquiry, contract, and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by the

manufacturer and purchaser.

S1. Non-Destructive Examination—UNS S42200

S1.1 Method—Each bar shall be subjected to NDE. The

method used shall be: Eddy Current (ET), Magnetic Particle

(MPI wet or dry), Liquid Penetrant (LPI), or Ultrasonic (UT),

at the option of the vendor unless otherwise indicated in the

purchase order.

S1.2 Acceptance Criteria—For LPI or MPI, linear indica-

tions (those indications longer than

⁄

in. [1.5 mm] with a

length greater than three times their width) are unacceptable.

For UT or ET, reject levels for linear indications shall be based

on the alarm response from a 0.012-in. [0.3 mm] maximum

deep surface notch in a calibration bar.

S2. Microstructure—UNS S42200 and UNS S42226 Con-

dition H or HT

S2.1 Metallographic inspection shall be performed at 100×

magniﬁcation to determine the metallurgical structure, grain

size, and delta ferrite content.

S2.2 The microstructure shall be tempered martensite with

no more than 1 % delta ferrite.

S2.3 The average grain size shall be 4 or ﬁner. The

maximum size of individual grains, distributed at random, shall

be a 2. When the average grain size is 5 or ﬁner, only the

average size needs be reported. Grain size determination shall

be performed in accordance with Test Methods E112.

TABLE 3 Mechanical Property Requirements

Grade UNS

Designation

Condition

Tensile Strength min,

ksi [MPa]

Yield Strength, min,

0.2 % Offset, ksi

[MPa]

Elongation in 2

in. [50 mm] or

4D, min, %

Reduction of

Area, min, %

Impact at Room

Temperature,

Charpy V-notch,

min, ft·lbf [J]

Brinell Hardness

615 S41800 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 max

HT 140 [965] 110 [760] 15 45 . . . 302 to 352

. . . S41425 HT 120 [825] 95 [655] 15 45 50 [70] 321 max

616 S42200 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 max

T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 max

HT 140 [965] 110 [760] 13 30 8 [11] 302 to 352

H 120 [825] 85 [585] 17 35 . . . 241 to 285

619 S42300 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 max

T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 max

HT 140 [965] 110 [760] 8 20 8 [11] 302 to 352

XM-32 K64152 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 max

HT 145 [1000] 115 [795] 15 30 30 [40] 302 to 352

. . . S41041 HT 115 [795] 75 [515] 15 50 20 [27] 277 max

. . . S42226 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 max

S42226 HT 140 [965] 100 [690] 15 45 8 [11] 321 max

The properties and associated heat treatments are those most commonly speciﬁed. For sections greater than 30 in.

[193 cm

] in cross-sectional area, it is suggested

that an agreement be reached between purchaser and materials vendor.

New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.

Hardness taken at the surface for control purposes only. For acceptance purposes, tensile properties govern.

TABLE 4 Rupture Testing

UNS S42226

Temperature °F [°C] 1200 [650]

Stress ksi [MPa], min. 33 [230]

Time to rupture, h, min 25

A565/A565M − 10 (2025)

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摘要：

ASTM A565 - A565M - 10 (2025) 是由美国材料与试验协会发布的高温用马氏体不锈钢棒材标准规范，该标准涵盖了适用于高温服役环境的马氏体不锈钢棒材的化学成分、力学性能、热处理工艺及验收要求。标准中的材料主要包括410、416、420、422、431、440A、440B、440C等牌号，这些钢材具有优异的耐热性、抗氧化性以及良好的高温强度与蠕变性能，特别适用于汽轮机叶片、紧固件、阀门部件、高温轴承及其他在500°C至650°C范围内长期工作的机械零件。该标准同时提供了A565

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