德国自动化技术公司费斯托 FESTO - Fundamentals of Automation Technology 自动化技术的基本原理 2008

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Fundamentals of automation technology

Technical book

Order no.: 563060

Date: 01/2008

Authors: F. Ebel, S. Idler, G. Prede, D. Scholz

Editor: Reinhard Pittschellis

Graphics: Doris Schwarzenberger

Layout: 05/2008, F. Ebel, S. Durz

Internet: www.festo-didactic.com

E-mail: did@festo.com

The copying, distribution and utilisation of this document as well as the communication of its contents to

others without express authorisation is prohibited. Offenders will be liable for the payment of damages. All

rights reserved, in particular the right to apply for patent and the right to register a utility model or

ornamental design.

Parts of this document may be reproduced by the authorised user exclusively for lesson purposes.

Note

The use of just one gender form (e.g. he, him) in this manual should not be considered gender

discrimination; it is intended solely to make the manual easier to read and the formulations easier to

understand.

Contents

1 How do engineers work? _____________________________________________________________ 7

1.1 Technical drawings and parts lists ______________________________________________________ 8

1.2 Circuit diagrams __________________________________________________________________ 11

1.3 Flow charts and programs __________________________________________________________ 12

1.4 Technical plans and schematic diagrams ______________________________________________ 13

1.5 Calculations and simulation _________________________________________________________ 14

2 Automation technology as a part of engineering sciences ________________________________ 15

2.1 Key development milestones in the history of automation technology _______________________ 15

2.2 Effects of automation on people _____________________________________________________ 17

3 Fundamentals of electrical engineering ______________________________________________ 19

3.1 Direct current and alternating current _________________________________________________ 19

3.2 Electrical resistance and electrical power ______________________________________________ 20

3.2.1 Electrical conductor _______________________________________________________________ 20

3.2.2 Electrical resistance _______________________________________________________________ 20

3.2.3 Ohm's law _______________________________________________________________________ 21

3.2.4 Electrical power __________________________________________________________________ 21

3.3 How a solenoid works _____________________________________________________________ 22

3.3.1 Structure of a solenoid _____________________________________________________________ 23

3.3.2 Applications of solenoids ___________________________________________________________ 23

3.4 How an electrical capacitor works ____________________________________________________ 24

3.5 How a diode works ________________________________________________________________ 25

3.6 How switches work and their structure ________________________________________________ 26

3.6.1 Normally open contacts ____________________________________________________________ 26

3.6.2 Normally closed contacts ___________________________________________________________ 27

3.6.3 Changeover switches ______________________________________________________________ 27

3.7 Relays and contactors _____________________________________________________________ 28

3.7.1 Applications of relays ______________________________________________________________ 28

3.7.2 Structure of a relay ________________________________________________________________ 29

3.7.3 Time relays ______________________________________________________________________ 30

3.8 Function and structure of the power supply unit ________________________________________ 32

3.9 Measurements in an electrical circuit _________________________________________________ 33

3.9.1 Procedure for measurements in an electrical circuit ______________________________________ 34

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摘要：

本资源聚焦德国自动化技术领军企业费斯托（FESTO）于2008年发布的《自动化技术的基本原理》文档，系统梳理了自动化技术的核心概念、气动与电气驱动基础、传感器与执行器应用、控制逻辑及工业实践要点。内容涵盖从基础物理原理到工程实现的关键环节，适合自动化工程师、技术院校师生及制造业从业者作为入门与进阶参考。通过本资料，读者能够理解自动化系统的架构设计、元件选型与调试方法，掌握FESTO在工业自动化领域沉淀的标准化技术体系，为实际项目中的设备集成与故障排查提供理论支撑。该文档以清晰的结构和实例化讲解，

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德国自动化技术公司费斯托 FESTO - Fundamentals of Automation Technology 自动化技术的基本原理 2008

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