ASTM E2766 - 13 (2025) 陡坡屋顶上屋顶安装光伏阵列安装的标准实施规程

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Designation: E2766 −13 (Reapproved 2025) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Installation of Roof Mounted Photovoltaic Arrays on Steep-
Slope Roofs
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation E2766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice details minimum requirements for the
installation of roof mounted photovoltaic arrays on steep-
sloped roofs with water-shedding roof coverings. These re-
quirements include proper water-shedding integration with the
roof system, material properties, ﬂashing of roof penetrations,
and sufficient anchoring per regional design load requirements.
1.1.1 This practice does not apply to building-integrated or
adhesively attached photovoltaic systems that are applied as
roof-covering components.
1.2 This practice does not cover the electrical aspects of
installation.
1.3 Installation considerations are divided into two distinct
aspects: the interface between the photovoltaic module and the
array mounting structure, and the interface between the array
mounting structure and the roof or roof structure.
1.4 Safety and hazard considerations unique to this
application, such as worker fall protection, electrical exposure,
accessibility of modules, and roof clearance around the perim-
eter of the array are addressed by other codes, standards, or
authorities having jurisdiction.
1.5 This practice is intended to provide recommended
installation practices for use by installers, speciﬁers,
inspectors, or for speciﬁcation by photovoltaic module manu-
facturers.
1.6 This practice provides minimum guidelines and should
be used in conjunction with module and mounting system
manufacturers’ instructions. This practice offers a set of in-
structions for performing one or more speciﬁc operations. This
document cannot replace education or experience and should
be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all
aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances.
This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the
standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional
service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The
word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has
been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.7 This practice is not intended to replace or supersede any
other applicable local codes, standards, or licensed design
professional instructions for a given installation.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Speciﬁc hazards are given in Section 8.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D1079 Terminology Relating to Rooﬁng and Waterprooﬁng
D1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and
Wood-Based Materials
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials
Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
E772 Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
2.2 AAMA Standards:
3
AAMA 800 Voluntary Speciﬁcations and Test Methods for
Sealants
2.3 ASCE Standards:
4
ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E44.09 on Photovoltaic Electric Power Conversion.
Current edition approved June 1, 2025. Published June 2025. Originally
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E2766 – 13 (2019).
DOI: 10.1520/E2766-13R25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),
1827 Walden Office Sq., Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173, http://
www.aamanet.org.
4
Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander
Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

2.4 IEC Standards:
5
IEC 61730-1 (2004-10) Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety
Qualiﬁcation—Part One: Requirements for Construction
2.5 UL Standards:
6
UL 1703 Standard for Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and
Panels
UL 746C Polymeric Materials—Use in Electrical Equipment
Evaluations
UL 60950-1 Table J.1 Electrotechnical Potentials (V)
2.6 Other Standards:
IBC International Building Code
7
IEC International Electrical Code
7
IFC International Fire Code
7
NFPA 1 Fire Protection Code
8
NDS National Design Speciﬁcation for Wood Construction
9
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 Deﬁnitions of terms used in this standard may be
found in Terminologies D1079 and E772.
3.1.2 steep-slope, adj—in rooﬁng, that which commonly
describes an incline of a roof which is greater than 25 % (14°
or 3:12 vertical rise to horizontal run). D1079
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 array mounting structure, n—all structural and me-
chanical materials used to support and anchor the photovoltaic
modules on the roof system between the attachment system and
the roof deck.
3.2.2 attachment system, n—all structural and mechanical
materials used to support and anchor the photovoltaic modules
to the array mounting structure.
3.2.3 design life, n—the period of time during which a
system component is expected to perform its intended function,
without signiﬁcant degradation of performance and without
requiring major maintenance or replacement. E772
3.2.4 licensed design professional, LDP, n—an individual
licensed to approve structural designs in the state or jurisdic-
tion where the roof mounted photovoltaic array will be
installed.
3.2.5 representative section, n—one or more modules con-
nected to an array mounting structure utilizing the same
connecting devices as would be used in an installation.
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
4.1 With the rapid growth of the use of photovoltaic systems
in buildings, roof mounted arrays continue to be one of the
most prevalent forms of installations. These roof mounted
arrays typically feature penetrations into the roof system,
which can result in water leakage issues if not properly ﬂashed
or applied to the roof system.
4.2 Structural integrity and durability of the application of
the roof mounted array to the roof system must be adequate per
applicable codes and regulations. This applies to both the
photovoltaic module-to-array mounting structure interface and
the array mounting structure-to-roof interface.
4.3 The installation of roof mounted arrays presents certain
hazards that must be addressed, which include fall protection,
carrying loads up ladders, wind and rain exposure during
installation, and electrical exposure during connections.
4.4 The topics covered in 4.1 – 4.3 are potentially a
signiﬁcant barrier to broad acceptance of roof mounted photo-
voltaic systems if not adequately addressed.
5. Material Requirements
5.1 Design Life Alignment between the Array and the
Roof—In many cases, the design life of the photovoltaic array
may be signiﬁcantly longer than the estimated design or
remaining life of the roof covering. The condition of the roof
structure and surface shall be evaluated to determine whether it
is sufficient to meet the design life of the roof mounted array.
Consultation with a rooﬁng professional and building owner is
recommended.
5.2 Design Life (Exposure and Durability) of Array Mount-
ing Structure—Materials used in the array mounting structure
shall be selected such that the expected design life of the array
mounting structure is no less than the design life of the
photovoltaic modules. Test data from similar exposure appli-
cations is acceptable.
5.2.1 Polymeric based materials used in the array mounting
structure shall maintain structural integrity through expected
thermal exposure. Any polymeric materials in the structure
shall have a relative thermal index (RTI), as deﬁned in UL
746C, of at least 90 °C. The thermal resistance of any poly-
meric material in direct contact with the module shall be
speciﬁed by the module manufacturer.
5.3 Adhesive Sealant Requirements:
5.3.1 Adhesives Used in Structural Elements—Bond
strength must be sufficient to withstand structural loading as
determined by 6.1 and be durable through the expected design
life of the array mounting structure. The structural integrity of
the bond joining the components of the mounting structure to
the array (or to each other) shall be veriﬁed through system
testing per the structural requirements detailed in Section 6.
5.3.2 Adhesives Used in Non-Structural Bonding—Sealants
(such as for glazings or other components) must be veriﬁed to
meet the criteria for exterior perimeter sealants set forth in
Section 808.3 of AAMA 800.
5.4 Corrosion of Resistance of Metals:
5.4.1 Dissimilar metals in direct contact may corrode. Use
appropriate precautions per UL 60950-1 Table J.1 Electro-
chemical Potentials (V).
5.4.2 Requirements for the array mounting structure shall be
the same as the corrosion requirements for the module as set
forth in UL 1703 Sections 37 and 14 and Section 4.2 in IEC
61730-1.
5
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de
Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
6
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
7
Available from International Code Council (ICC), 500 New Jersey Ave., NW,
6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001, http://www.iccsafe.org.
8
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
9
Available from the American Wood Council, http://www.awc.org.
E2766 − 13 (2025)
2

5.5 Material Combustibility—Where applicable by local

jurisdiction ﬁre code, materials used for the array mounting

structure to the roof shall be made of non-combustible material

per the requirements set forth in Test Method E136. If not

speciﬁed, the ﬁre resistance of materials used in the array

mounting structure shall be reviewed by the LDP.

6. Structural Requirements

6.1 Design Considerations for the Installation of Photovol-

taic Modules onto Array Mounting Structure:

6.1.1 Manufacturers of array mounting structures shall pro-

vide a pre-engineered, pre-tested system. The structure design,

sizing method, and attachment method shall be reviewed by an

LDP or a representative section be tested for wind load

resistance.

NOTE 1—The mounting and fastening method shall comply with the

array mounting structure manufacturer’s recommendations subject to

engineering requirements. If slots or multiple mounting holes are provided

on either the array mounting structure or the connections, the worst-case

mounting positions shall be selected for testing purposes in order to

subject the array mounting structure to the maximum stresses.

6.1.2 Design Load Requirements—The module, the array

mounting structure, and the interface between the module and

array mounting structure shall be able to withstand regional

design loads as deﬁned in applicable code or calculated

according to ASCE 7 (whichever is more stringent), including

a minimum safety factor, such as from the Aluminum Asso-

ciation design manual for Aluminum or AISC steel construc-

tion manual for steel.

6.1.3 The structural load of the attachment system shall not

be less than the design load requirements set forth in 6.1.2. The

structural load bearing capacity of the attachment system of the

module to the array mounting structure shall be speciﬁed by the

mounting structure manufacturer and be consistent with the

module manufacturer’s requirements.

6.2 Design Considerations for the Installation of Array

Mounting Structure onto Roof Structure—The interface be-

tween the mounting array and the roof shall meet the same

structural requirements as speciﬁed in 6.1. The roof structure

shall be evaluated by an LDP to ensure that the roof structural

members are sufficient for added load of PV modules and

mounting structures and the intended mounting does not create

unacceptable point loads either due to snow, wind or seismic,

or similar live loading.

6.3 Anchoring for Regional Load Requirements—All fas-

tening shall be into structural members of the roof. The

manufacturer of the array mounting structure shall report

representative fastener installations pullout values into Hem-

Fir (G = 0.43) wood per the National Design Speciﬁcation for

Wood Construction (NDS). Fasteners not covered by the NDS

shall be tested per the requirements of Test Methods D1761

and the pullout values reported. For a given location, the uplift

or down load force may vary based on local wind, snow, and

seismic requirements, but the overall array mounting structure

shall be designed to resist a minimum of 30 psf (146 kg/m

)

uplift.

6.3.1 For existing roofs, the installer shall inspect the roof

structure for suitability of attachment; the photovoltaic system

shall not be installed into damaged (soft spots, droops, unusual

discoloration) structural material, such as decking material,

rafters, or roof support, unless approved by the LDP.

6.4 Special Damage Considerations—Before installation,

consider the effects of extreme weather (hail, hurricanes, heavy

snow), natural hazards (ﬁre), and other potentially hazardous

objects (rocks, golf balls, insects, birds, chimney ash, sand,

dust) on the performance of the array mounting structure.

7. Integration with Existing Roof Systems

7.1 Flashing Roof Penetrations—Penetrations into the roof

shall be ﬂashed in a manner that prevents moisture from

entering the roof system. Materials used to ﬂash the fasteners

and mounting device to the roof shall be sufficiently durable

and compatible with existing roof to maintain performance

through the design life of the installation.

7.1.1 The integration of the mounting system shall be

compatible and aligned with the water shedding principles of

the roof system with proper ﬂashing and sealing. Appropriate

design, materials, installation, and maintenance are essential to

the durability of the roof integration.

7.1.2 For shingled roof systems, the mounting feet shall be

integrated under the shingles in correct shingle fashion. See

Fig. 1 for an example using asphalt shingles. If shingles were

removed to attach the ﬂashing, the shingles shall be reattached

after the installation of the ﬂashing components. New shingles

shall be applied if the prior shingles are damaged.

7.1.3 For roof systems other than asphalt shingles, such as

tile, slate, wood, synthetic or standing seam metal roof

systems, follow the recommendations of the LDP.

7.2 Drainage Around and Under the Array—The photovol-

taic array shall be designed and installed in such a manner to

minimize the accumulation of debris or other material that can

result in blockage either under or around the array, causing

potential damming, ice buildup, or ﬁre hazard around the

frame. Additionally, the array shall have sufficient access to

allow for removal of any debris that may accumulate during the

life of the system. A minimum stand-off height may be

speciﬁed by the module manufacturer to maintain their de-

signed operating temperatures.

7.3 Servicing of the Roof and Array—The designer shall

allow means to test modules to ensure proper grounding,

service, and repair per IFC or NFPA 1. Means shall be provided

to allow for servicing of the roof and to access interior regions

of the array.

8. Hazards

8.1 Fall Protection of Installers During Installation—Refer

to applicable Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA) regulations for personal protective equipment (PPE)

requirements appropriate for roof slope and height. Avoid

installing in inclement weather, such as wet, windy, or icy

conditions.

8.2 Electrical Exposure—Photovoltaic modules produce

electricity with sunlight exposure and proper care needs to be

taken with handling and wiring. Individual modules and

E2766 − 13 (2025)

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标签： #规程 #屋顶 #标准实施

摘要：

本规范为ASTM E2766-13（2025）标准实施规程，专门针对陡坡屋顶上屋顶安装光伏阵列的安装提供系统性指导。该规程涵盖了从规划、布局、固定、防水到抗风与荷载评估的全流程技术要求，旨在确保光伏系统在陡坡屋顶上的结构安全、耐久性能及长期可靠性。标准详细规定了安装连接件与屋顶防水层的兼容性、紧固件的抗腐蚀与抗拔要求、阵列间距与屋顶边缘的安全距离，并针对不同屋顶材料（如沥青瓦、金属板、瓦片等）给出了适配的安装方法。同时，规程强调了在强风、暴雨、雪载等极端气候条件下的失效风险评估，为安装商、设计师

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