ASTM C361 - 26 钢筋混凝土低水头压力管标准规范

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Designation: C361 −26
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers reinforced concrete pipe in-
tended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines
with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding
125 ft.
1.2 This speciﬁcation is the inch-pound companion to
Speciﬁcation C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented
in the speciﬁcation.
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not
covered by this speciﬁcation for the manufacture of the pipe but should be
included in speciﬁcations for pipe laying.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A27/A27M Speciﬁcation for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
General Application
A36/A36M Speciﬁcation for Carbon Structural Steel
A283/A283M Speciﬁcation for Low and Intermediate Ten-
sile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
A575 Speciﬁcation for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant
Quality, M-Grades
A576 Speciﬁcation for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,
Special Quality
A615/A615M Speciﬁcation for Deformed and Plain Carbon-
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A675/A675M Speciﬁcation for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A706/A706M Speciﬁcation for Deformed and Plain Low-
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A1008/A1008M Speciﬁcation for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled,
Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Required
Hardness, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
A1011/A1011M Speciﬁcation for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-
Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
Formability, and Ultra-High-Strength
A1064/A1064M Speciﬁcation for Carbon-Steel Wire and
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
Concrete
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field
C33/C33M Speciﬁcation for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
drical Concrete Specimens
C150/C150M Speciﬁcation for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Speciﬁcation for Air-Entraining Admixtures
for Concrete
C309 Speciﬁcation for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
pounds for Curing Concrete
C497/C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete
Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
C595/C595M Speciﬁcation for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Speciﬁcation for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C655 Speciﬁcation for Reinforced Concrete D-Load
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products
C1602/C1602M Speciﬁcation for Mixing Water Used in the
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
C1619 Speciﬁcation for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-
crete Structures
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft
3
(600
kN-m/m
3
))
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.04 on Low Head
Pressure Pipe.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2026. Published January 2026. Originally
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C361 – 22. DOI:
10.1520/C0361-26.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table (Withdrawn
2025)
3
D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
(Withdrawn 2025)
3
2.2 Other Standards:
ACI Code 318 Standard Building Code Requirements for
Reinforced Concrete
4
AISI-C 1012
5
ASCE 15-93 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried
Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations
(SIDD)
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms relating to concrete
pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Classiﬁcation
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this speciﬁcation shall
be for hydrostatic heads of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ft measured
to the centerline of the pipe. Designs are provided in Table 1
for the above hydrostatic heads combined with external load-
ings of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ft (designated A,B,C, and Din Table
1) of earth cover over the top of the pipe under speciﬁc
installation conditions. The speciﬁc installation conditions are
covered in Appendix X1. Where the hydrostatic head, external
loadings, and installation conditions vary from those given in
Table 1 and Appendix X1, detailed design calculations shall be
made. The design criteria for Table 1 are presented in Appen-
dix X2.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes
shall be determined by the results of such material tests as are
required in 6.2 through 6.9 by crushing tests on cured concrete
cylinders, by hydrostatic pressure tests on units of the pipe, by
joint leakage tests, and by inspection during or after manufac-
ture to determine whether the pipe conforms to this speciﬁca-
tion as to design and freedom from defects.
5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for
acceptance when they conform to the requirements, as indi-
cated by the speciﬁed tests.
6. Materials
6.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall
consist of portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in
which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel
and concrete act together. Fly ash or pozzolan is not prohibited
when used as a partial cement replacement; see 9.1.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement:
6.2.1.1 Portland Cement—Portland cement shall conform to
the requirements of Speciﬁcation C150/C150M.
6.2.1.2 Blended Hydraulic Cement—Blended cement shall
conform to the requirements of Speciﬁcation C595/C595M for
Type IS portland blast furnace slag cement or Type IP portland
pozzolan cement, except that the pozzolan constituent in the
Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall not exceed 20 % by
weight.
6.2.2 Fly Ash or Pozzolan—Fly ash or pozzolan shall
conform to the requirements of Speciﬁcation C618.
6.2.3 Allowable Cementitious Materials—The combination
of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one of
the following:
6.2.3.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only, or
6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only.
6.2.3.4 A combination of portland cement and ﬂy ash or
pozzolan, wherein the proportion of ﬂy ash or pozzolan is
between 5 and 20 % by weight of total cementitious material
(portland cement plus ﬂy ash or pozzolan).
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Speciﬁcation
C33/C33M, except that the requirements for grading are
waived.
6.4 Admixtures—Admixtures, except for air-entraining
agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by
the owner. At the option of the manufacturer, or if speciﬁed by
the owner, the concrete in precast concrete pipe placed by the
cast-and-vibrated method shall contain an air-entraining agent
conforming to Speciﬁcation C260/C260M. The amount of
air-entraining agent used shall be such as will affect the
entrainment of not more than 3 % air by volume of concrete as
discharged from the mixer.
6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of
wire conforming to Speciﬁcation A1064/A1064M, or of bars
of Grades 40 or 60 steel conforming to Speciﬁcation A615/
A615M or of Grade 40 steel conforming to Speciﬁcation
A36/A36M, or Grade 60 steel conforming to Speciﬁcation
A706/A706M.
6.6 Steel for Joint Rings:
6.6.1 Steel strips for bell rings less than
1
⁄
4
in. thick shall
conform to Grade SS30 of Speciﬁcation A1011/A1011M or
Grade Designation 1012 of Speciﬁcation A575. Steel that
meets the requirements of AISI-C1012 for chemical compo-
nents will be acceptable provided it conforms to Grade SS30 of
Speciﬁcation A1011/A1011M in other respects.
6.6.2 Steel plate for bell rings
1
⁄
4
in. or more in thickness and
special shapes for spigot joint rings shall conform to Speciﬁ-
cation A36/A36M, or to Grade A of Speciﬁcation A283/
A283M, or to Grade Designation 1012 of Speciﬁcation A576,
or to Grade 50 of Speciﬁcation A675/A675M. Steel that meets
the requirements of AISI-C1012 for chemical components will
be acceptable provided it conforms to Speciﬁcation A36/A36M
or to Speciﬁcation A283/A283M Min other respects.
6.7 Steel Castings for Fittings—Steel castings for ﬁttings
shall conform to Grade 70-36, Normalized, of Speciﬁcation
A27/A27M.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
4
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr.,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439, http://www.concrete.org.
5
Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 25 Massachusetts
Avenue, NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001, https://www.steel.org.
C361 − 26
2

TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe [12 Through 144 in. Diameter], Concrete Design Strength 5000 psi except as noted, Steel

Reinforcement Yield Strength 40 000 psi

NOTE 1—See Appendix for speciﬁc installation conditions and design criteria conditions required in conjunction with the use of Table 1.

NOTE 2—Designations, A, B, C, and D, for class of pipe, denote 5, 10, 15, and 20 ft of earth cover over top of pipe. Figures 25, Figures 50, Figures 75, etc. for class of pipe, denote hydrostatic

pressure heads in feet measured to centerline of pipe.

NOTE 3—An “s” in place of a steel area indicates the pipe class is a special design requiring stirrup reinforcement. Stirrups may be eliminated by changing wall thickness, main reinforcement,

concrete strength, or a combination thereof.

NOTE 4—The boldfaced value denotes 6000 psi concrete strength required.

Circumferential reinforcement, in.

/linear ft of pipe

Internal

Designated

Dia, in.

12 15 18 21 24 27

Type of

Reinforce-

ment

Circular Circular Circular Elliptical Circular Elliptical Circular Elliptical Circular Elliptical

Wall

Thickness,

in.

23232

⁄

3 2

⁄

3 2

⁄

3 2

⁄

3 2

⁄

3 2

⁄

3 2

⁄

Layers of

Reinforce-

ment

Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Inner Outer Inner Outer Single Single

Class

A-25 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.22 0.20 0.14 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.22 0.17

B-25 0.10 0.08 0.14 0.11 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.23 0.20 0.23 0.20 0.29 0.25 0.29 0.25 0.35 0.30 0.21 0.13 0.16 0.10 0.35 0.21

C-25 0.13 0.10 0.20 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.33 0.27 0.33 0.27 0.41 0.35 0.41 0.35 0.50 0.42 0.28 0.17 0.21 0.12 0.50 0.28

D-25 0.17 0.13 0.26 0.18 0.33 0.26 0.33 0.26 0.43 0.34 0.43 0.34 0.55 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.68 0.55 0.36 0.21 0.26 0.14 0.68 0.36

A-50 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.18 0.29 0.29 0.24 0.22 0.33 0.33 0.28 0.26 0.18 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.37 0.37

B-50 0.13 0.11 0.18 0.15 0.23 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.29 0.25 0.29 0.29 0.35 0.31 0.35 0.33 0.41 0.37 0.25 0.18 0.20 0.14 0.41 0.37

C-50 0.16 0.13 0.23 0.18 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.38 0.32 0.38 0.32 0.47 0.41 0.47 0.41 0.56 0.49 0.33 0.21 0.25 0.16 0.56 0.37

D-50 0.20 0.15 0.29 0.22 0.37 0.30 0.37 0.30 0.48 0.40 0.48 0.40 0.60 0.51 0.60 0.51 0.74 0.62 0.40 0.25 0.30 0.19 0.74 0.40

A-75 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.24 0.24 0.28 0.28 0.33 0.33 0.37 0.37 0.23 0.19 0.20 0.16

B-75 0.16 0.16 0.22 0.20 0.27 0.24 0.34 0.30 0.41 0.37 0.48 0.44 0.30 0.22 0.25 0.18

C-75 0.19 0.16 0.27 0.22 0.34 0.29 0.43 0.37 0.53 0.46 0.63 0.55 0.37 0.26 0.30 0.21

D-75 0.23 0.18 0.33 0.26 0.42 0.34 0.53 0.45 0.66 0.57 0.81 0.68 0.45 0.30 0.35 0.23

A-100 0.23 0.23 0.29 0.29 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.46 0.46 0.52 0.52 0.28 0.24 0.28 0.24

B-100 0.23 0.23 0.29 0.29 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.46 0.46 0.55 0.52 0.35 0.27 0.29 0.23

C-100 0.23 0.23 0.31 0.29 0.39 0.35 0.48 0.42 0.58 0.52 0.70 0.62 0.42 0.31 0.34 0.25

D-100 0.26 0.23 0.37 0.29 0.46 0.39 0.58 0.50 0.72 0.62 0.87 0.75 0.49 0.34 0.39 0.27

A-125 0.31 0.31 0.39 0.39 0.46 0.46 0.54 0.54 0.62 0.62 0.69 0.69 0.37 0.32 0.37 0.32

B-125 0.31 0.31 0.39 0.39 0.46 0.46 0.54 0.54 0.62 0.62 0.69 0.69 0.39 0.32 0.38 0.31

C-125 0.31 0.31 0.39 0.39 0.46 0.46 0.54 0.54 0.64 0.62 0.76 0.69 0.46 0.35 0.39 0.30

D-125 0.31 0.31 0.40 0.39 0.51 0.46 0.64 0.55 0.78 0.68 0.94 0.81 0.54 0.39 0.43 0.31

C361 − 26

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标签： #钢 #混凝土 #钢筋

摘要：

了解 ASTM C361 - 26 钢筋混凝土低水头压力管标准规范，该规范涵盖了用于低水头压力条件下的钢筋混凝土管道设计、材料、制造与测试要求。本标准适用于市政供水、灌溉及排水系统中承受内部压力但不高于规定限值的管道工程，确保管道在长期运行中具备优异的结构强度、抗渗性能和耐久性。ASTM C361 - 26 详细规定了混凝土强度、钢筋布置、管壁厚度、接头形式及水压试验方法，为工程设计、施工验收和质量管理提供了统一的技术依据。通过遵循此标准，工程师和承包商可有效降低管道泄漏与结构失效风险，提升低水

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