ASTM E505 - 22

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Designation: E505 −22

Standard Reference Radiographs for

Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation E505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope*

1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate the categories and

severity levels of discontinuities that may occur in aluminum-

alloy and magnesium-alloy die castings. They are intended to

provide:

1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of discontinuities and

their differentiation both as to type and severity level through

radiographic examination.

1.1.2 Example radiographic illustrations of discontinuities

and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards,

speciﬁcations, and drawings.

NOTE 1—The set of reference radiographs consists of ﬁve 8

⁄

by 11-in.

cardboard frames containing radiographs covering discontinuities in

aluminum and magnesium alloy die castings. The ﬁrst four frames each

contain two sets of four graded levels of increasing severity, while the last

frame contains two ungraded radiographs. The 5 frames are contained in

a10

⁄

by 11

⁄

-in. ring binder.

NOTE 2—Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum and magne-

sium castings up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness are contained in ASTM

Reference Radiographs E155, for Inspection of Aluminum and Magne-

sium Castings, Volumes I and II.

1.2 Two kinds of illustration categories are covered as

follows:

1.2.1 Graded—Three discontinuity categories for aluminum

die castings and three discontinuity categories for magnesium

die castings, each illustrated in four levels of progressively

increasing severity. Category A discontinuities are illustrated

for aluminum and magnesium die castings having thicknesses

⁄

in. (3.2 mm) and

⁄

in. (15.9 mm); Category B discon-

tinuities are illustrated for

⁄

-in. thick aluminum and magne-

sium die castings; and Category C discontinuities are illus-

trated for

⁄

-in. thick aluminum and magnesium die castings.

1.2.2 Ungraded—One illustration of one discontinuity for

0.20-in. (5.1-mm) thickness aluminum die casting; and one

illustration of one discontinuity for

⁄

-in. (3.2-mm) thickness

magnesium die casting.

1.3 This document may be used for other materials,

thicknesses, or with other energy levels for which it has been

found to be applicable and agreement has been reached

between the purchaser and manufacturer.

1.4 From time to time, there may be minor changes to the

process for manufacturing of the reference radiograph adjunct

materials. These changes could include changes in the ﬁlms or

processing chemicals used, changes in the dies or printing for

the cardboard mats, etc.; however, in all cases, these changes

are reviewed by the Illustration Monitoring Subcommittee and

all reference radiographs are reviewed against a ﬁxed prototype

image to ensure that there are no changes to the acceptance

level represented by the reference radiographs. Therefore, the

adjunct reference radiographs remain valid for use with this

standard regardless of the date of production or the revision

level of the text standard.

1.5 These ﬁlm reference radiographs are not intended to

illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in

aluminum and magnesium die castings when performing

digital X-ray imaging. When performing digital X-ray imaging

of these castings, refer to Digital Reference Images E2973.

1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be

regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are

mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for

information only and are not considered standard.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-

mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee

E07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

E07.02 on Reference Radiological Images.

Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally

approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E505 – 15. DOI:

10.1520/E0505-22.

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM

Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on

the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial
Radiographic Film
E155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum
and Magnesium Castings
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2973 Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Alumi-
num and Magnesium Die Castings
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and
Magnesium Die Castings
3
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms used in this
document, see Terminology E1316.
4. Appearance of Radiographic Indications
4.1 The following descriptions are for use in discontinuity
identiﬁcation and classiﬁcation. These descriptions apply to
these reference radiographs only.
4.1.1 Category A (Porosity)—Round or elongated, smooth-
edged dark spots occurring individually distributed or in
clusters.
4.1.2 Category B (Cold Fill)—A distinct darkened line or
band of variable length and deﬁnite smooth outline, usually
continuous or interconnected.
4.1.3 Category C (Shrinkage)—Filamentary or jagged dark-
ened areas, usually continuous or interconnected.
4.1.4 Category D (Foreign Material)— Isolated irregular
variation in ﬁlm density, either lighter or darker than surround-
ing areas. They may indicate the inclusion of oxide or dross or
metallic compounds of different density. Illustration shows a
more dense material.
5. Signiﬁcance and Use
5.1 These radiographs are so designed that acceptance
standards, which may be developed for particular
requirements, can be speciﬁed in terms of these radiographs.
The radiographs are of castings that were produced under
conditions designed to produce the discontinuities. These
reference radiographs are intended to be used for casting
thickness ranges in accordance with Table 1.
5.2 The radiographic illustrations listed in Table 1 illustrate
three types of discontinuities in four severity levels. Two
ungraded illustrations have been included to establish the
radiographic appearance of foreign material.
5.3 These reference radiographs were produced in accor-
dance with Guide E94. All of the references are original
radiographs.
5.4 Film Deterioration—Radiographic ﬁlms are subject to
wear and tear from handling and use. The extent to which the
image deteriorates over time is a function of storage
conditions, care in handling and amount of use. Reference
radiograph ﬁlms are no exception and may exhibit a loss in
image quality over time. The radiographs should therefore be
periodically examined for signs of wear and tear, including
scratches, abrasions, stains, and so forth. Any reference radio-
graphs which show signs of excessive wear and tear which
could inﬂuence the interpretation and use of the radiographs
should be replaced.
6. Basis for Application
6.1 Personnel Qualiﬁcation—Personnel utilizing reference
radiographs to this standard shall be qualiﬁed and authorized to
perform radiographic interpretation in accordance with a na-
tionally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualiﬁ-
cation practice or standard and certiﬁed by the employer or
certifying agency, as applicable. The practice or standard used
and its applicable revision shall be identiﬁed in the contractual
agreement between the using parties. For assistance with
interpreting speciﬁcations and product requirements as applied
to the reference radiographs, a certiﬁed Level III shall be
consulted before accept/reject decisions are made (if the Level
III is the radiographic interpreter, this may be the same person).
3
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order RRE0505.
TABLE 1 Reference Radiographs for Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings
Discontinuity Plate Thickness,
in. (mm)
Applicable Casting
Thickness,
in. (mm)
Aluminum Die Castings
Category A (Porosity)
1
⁄
8
(3.2) up to
3
⁄
8
(9.5), incl
Category A (Porosity)
5
⁄
8
(15.9) over
3
⁄
8
to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),
incl
Category B (Cold ﬁll)
1
⁄
8
(3.2) up to
3
⁄
8
(9.5), incl
Category C (Shrinkage)
5
⁄
8
(15.9) over
3
⁄
8
to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),
incl
Category D (Foreign
material)
0.200 (5.08) up to 1 (25.4), incl
Magnesium Die Castings
Category A (Porosity)
1
⁄
8
(3.2) up to
3
⁄
8
(9.5), incl
Category A (Porosity)
5
⁄
8
(15.9) over
3
⁄
8
to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),
incl
Category B (Cold ﬁll)
1
⁄
8
(3.2) up to
3
⁄
8
(9.5), incl
Category C (Shrinkage)
5
⁄
8
(15.9) over
3
⁄
8
to 1 (9.5 to 25.4),
incl
Category D (Foreign
material)
1
⁄
8
(3.2) up to 1 (25.4), incl
E505 − 22
2

6.2 These reference radiographs may be applied as accep-

tance standards tailored to the end use of the product. Appli-

cation of these reference radiographs as acceptance standards

should be based on the intended use of the product and the

following considerations (see Note 3):

6.2.1 Unless otherwise speciﬁed, discontinuities of equal or

lesser severity than that in the speciﬁed reference radiograph

are acceptable in any speciﬁed unit area of the casting. The size

of the unit area should be speciﬁed in the acceptance criteria.

Discontinuities more severe than those in the speciﬁed refer-

ence radiograph shall be considered rejectable.

6.2.2 Any combination or portion of these reference radio-

graphs may be used as is relevant to the particular application.

Different grades or acceptance limits may be speciﬁed for each

discontinuity type. Further, different grades may be speciﬁed

for various regions or zones of the component.

6.2.3 Special consideration may be required where more

than one discontinuity type is present in the same area. Any

modiﬁcation of the acceptance criteria required on the basis of

multiple discontinuity types must be speciﬁed.

6.2.4 Production radiographs showing porosity, gas,

shrinkage, or inclusions shall be evaluated by the overall

condition with regard to size, number, and distribution. The

aggregate size of discontinuities shall not exceed the total

accumulation in area of the discontinuities of the reference

radiograph. It is not the intent that the maximum size of the

illustrated discontinuity shall be the limiting size for a single

production radiographic discontinuity, or that the number of

discontinuities shown on the reference radiograph shall be the

limiting number for production radiographs. Also, caution

should be exercised in judging a large discontinuity against a

collection of small discontinuities on the basis of size alone.

Each of the factors of size, number, and distribution shall be

considered in balance. The purchaser may provide documented

speciﬁc methods of evaluation.

6.2.5 As a minimum, the acceptance criteria should contain

information addressing: zoning of the part (if applicable),

acceptance severity level for each discontinuity type, and the

speciﬁc area to which the reference radiographs are to be

applied.

NOTE 3—Caution should be exercised in specifying the acceptance

criteria to be met in the casting. Casting design coupled with foundry

practice should be considered. It is advisable to consult with the

manufacturer or foundry before establishing the acceptance criteria to

ensure the desired quality level can be achieved.

7. Keywords

7.1 aluminum; die castings; discontinuities; magnesium;

reference radiographs; X-ray

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee E07 has identiﬁed the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (E505 – 15)

that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Added 1.5 and renumbered other subsections.

(2) Added 6.1 and renumbered other subsections.

(3) Changed old 6.1.4/new 6.2.4 language to align with other

reference radiograph standards.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned

in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ﬁve years and

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards

and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the

responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should

make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above

address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website

(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222

Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

E505 − 22

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摘要：

ASTM E505 - 22 是一项由美国材料与试验协会发布的最新版本标准，全称为《铝和镁压铸件参考射线照相标准》，主要用于规范铝基和镁基压铸产品中缺陷的X射线检测与评定。该标准提供了一套标准参考射线照相图谱，涵盖气孔、缩孔、冷隔及夹杂物等典型铸造缺陷的类型、尺寸和分布等级，帮助无损检测人员在不同厚度范围内进行一致且可重复的缺陷分类与验收判定。ASTM E505 - 22 适用于航空航天、汽车、电子及一般工业领域中对压铸件内部质量的评估，是质量保证、工艺控制和材料验收过程中重要的参考依据。通过采

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