ASTM F3175 - 16

VIP免费

Carl 2024-09-04 9 79.29KB 3 页 12星币

Designation: F3175 −16
Standard Guide for
Training and Equipping Search and Rescue Personnel
Operating on Mountain Bikes (Mountain Bike SAR
Endorsement)
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation F3175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training and equip-
ment requirements, including general and ﬁeld knowledge,
skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who
operate on mountain bikes.
1.2 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individuals
may, under qualiﬁed supervision, perform their normal duties
safely and effectively on mountain bikes.
1.3 A Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsement alone
is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the
knowledge, skills, or abilities to perform any speciﬁc duties,
including search and rescue operations, other than those
deﬁned within this guide.
1.4 Personnel trained to only this guide are not qualiﬁed to
operate in leadership positions.
1.5 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individuals
operate on the surface of the land only, including urban or
disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting
infrastructure.
1.6 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personnel
trained to this guide are classiﬁed in Classiﬁcation F1993.
1.6.1 Further training may be required before Mountain
Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel may participate
on a particular Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending
on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having
jurisdiction.
1.7 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training
requirements for SAR personnel to operate on mountain bikes
while performing operations in partially or fully collapsed
structures, in- or on-water, in conﬁned spaces, underground
(such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountain or alpine
environments.
1.8 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualiﬁed to
perform rescue. No training in rope use, high or low angle litter
evacuation, or other rescue skills is included in this guide.
1.8.1 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in Guide
F2751.
1.9 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel
must work under qualiﬁed supervision, as deemed appropriate
by the AHJ.
1.10 This standard is created without regard to the type of
mountain bike, gear, panniers, ﬁrst aid supplies, or personal
protective equipment that is used by a Mountain Bike Search
and Rescue Endorsed individual.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
F1447 Speciﬁcation for Helmets Used in Recreational Bicy-
cling or Roller Skating
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,
Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
F1952 Speciﬁcation for Helmets Used for Downhill Moun-
tain Bicycle Racing
F1993 Classiﬁcation System of Human Search and Rescue
Resources
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
F2751 Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue
Team Member
F2890 Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and Rescue
Personnel
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book
(PTB)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel,
Training and Education.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
F3175-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
 

F3071 Guide for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/
GNSS-IW) Endorsement
2.2 Other Documents:
Snell Memorial Foundation standard N-94, Standard for
Protective Headgear for Use in Non-Motorized Sports
(including addendum B95A)
3
Snell Memorial Foundation standard B-95, Standard for
Protective Headgear for Use With Bicycles (including
addendum B95A)
National Wildﬁre Coordinating Group (NWCG) publication
PMS 304-2, Fitness and Work Capacity
4
State statutes pertaining to bicycle use and operation
International Mountain Bike Association (IMBA) Trail Dif-
ﬁculty Rating System
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 foot tap, n—a brief touch of a rider’s foot on the
ground or an obstacle to maintain balance or to prevent falling
while riding a mountain bike. An obstacle that knocks the
riders foot from the pedal is not considered a foot tap.
3.1.2 MBSAR (Mountain Bike Search And Rescue),
n—search and rescue operations performed by an individual, or
individuals, while utilizing a mountain bike.
3.1.3 qualiﬁed supervisor, n—an individual with demon-
strated knowledge or competence in a task, to whom the AHJ
has granted the authority to observe and oversee an individual
performing that task.
3.1.4 slow ride, n—rider-controlled continuous forward
movement of a bike at a speed slower than a walk.
3.1.5 speed jump, n—a bike action in which the rider and
bike leap over an obstacle or gap while riding at speed.
3.1.6 steep hill ascent or descent, n—riding a bike up or
down terrain with a slope of 15 degrees or greater.
3.2 For deﬁnitions of other terms used in this guide see
Terminology F1773, Guides F1993,F2209, and F2751.
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training criteria for
Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel.
4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any established
protocols of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local,
or regional governments.
4.3 Every person who is identiﬁed as a Mountain Bike
Search and Rescue Endorsed individual shall have met the
requirements of this guide.
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards,
it does not imply that a Mountain Bike Search and Rescue
Endorsed individual is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other
similarly termed member of an agency or organization.
4.4.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the require-
ments and qualiﬁcations for its team member ratings.
4.4.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding
additional requirements for its own members.
4.5 A person meeting the requirements of this guide does
not necessarily possess adequate ﬁeld skills and knowledge to
make mission-critical decisions.
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an
outline of the topics required for training or evaluating Moun-
tain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel.
4.7 This guide is an outline of the topics required for
training or evaluating Mountain Bike Search and Rescue
Endorsed personnel and may be used to assist in the develop-
ment of a training document or program.
4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to
determine if its content includes the topics necessary for
training an individual to be Mountain Bike Search and Rescue
Endorsed personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to
evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the
requirements in this guide.
4.9 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the
following sections are not in any particular order and do not
represent a training sequence.
4.10 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with
other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and
abilities needed for a Mountain Bike Search and Rescue
Endorsed individual to perform safely and effectively.
4.11 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel
shall document training by completion of a position task book,
compliant with ASTM F3068, or by ﬁeld demonstration under
qualiﬁed supervision.
4.11.1 Where proﬁciency in a skill or ability must be
demonstrated, unless stated otherwise it shall be demonstrated
for initial qualiﬁcation, and as often as required by the AHJ.
4.11.2 Proﬁciency shall be demonstrated to a qualiﬁed
observer as deﬁned by the AHJ.
5. General Operator Training
5.1 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel
shall earn and maintain certiﬁcation in adult and child CPR.
5.2 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel
shall earn and maintain certiﬁcation in ﬁrst aid or a more
advanced level of emergency medical care.
6. Equipment
6.1 The bicycle used by a Mountain Bike Search and
Rescue Endorsed individual must have the following minimum
characteristics:
6.1.1 Designed and built for off-road use;
6.1.2 Capable of carrying heavy loads in varied terrain in
wilderness and urban environments and conditions.
6.2 The bicycle used by a Mountain Bike Search and
Rescue Endorsed individual shall be equipped with at least the
following equipment:
6.2.1 Off-road wheels and tires;
6.2.2 Brakes intended for wet, icy, and muddy conditions;
3
http://www.smf.org/standards/b/b95std#add
4
http://www.nwcg.gov/pms/pubs/newshelt/workcaptest_lo.pdf
F3175 − 16
2
 

6.2.3 Headlight or a helmet mounted headlamp with a

minimum brightness of 42 lumens at 10 ft (3m);

6.2.4 Red taillight, either steady or ﬂashing.

6.3 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individuals

shall wear the personal protective equipment (PPE) speciﬁed

by the AHJ. The following is recommended as a minimum:

6.3.1 A helmet which meets at least one of the following

approvals or certiﬁcations:

6.3.1.1 Certiﬁed in accordance with ASTM F1447;

6.3.1.2 Certiﬁed in accordance with ASTM F1952;

6.3.1.3 Approved by the Snell Memorial Foundation per

their B-95 standard;

6.3.1.4 Approved by the Snell Memorial Foundation per

their N-94 standard;

6.3.1.5 Certiﬁed by the Consumer Product Safety Commis-

sion (CPSC).

6.3.2 Eye protection (shatter-resistant, wraparound, clear or

tinted);

6.3.3 Padded cycling gloves;

6.3.4 Wind and tear-resistant shirt;

6.3.5 Tear-resistant long pants or shorts;

6.3.6 Shoes suitable for use with the bike and for walking.

6.4 A Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed indi-

vidual shall carry, in the ﬁeld, a repair kit speciﬁed by the AHJ.

The following is recommended as a minimum:

6.4.1 Tire pump;

6.4.2 Tube patch kits (2);

6.4.3 Spare tire tubes (2);

6.4.4 Tire levers (min. of 2);

6.4.5 Spoke tool;

6.4.6 Headset wrench;

6.4.7 Spare chain links and pins;

6.4.8 Chain link tool;

6.4.9 Bike lube;

6.4.10 Spare tire (1);

6.4.11 Spare spokes (2).

6.5 A Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed indi-

vidual may carry additional mission-speciﬁc equipment as

determined by the AHJ.

6.6 A Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed indi-

vidual shall have the ability, and shall be equipped, to be a

self-supporting resource deployable for a minimum of 24

hours.

7. Rider Skills and Abilities

7.1 A Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed indi-

vidual shall demonstrate the following bicycle repair and

maintenance skills:

7.1.1 Adjust the bicycle’s components to properly ﬁt the

rider;

7.1.2 Adjust the brakes, shifters, and derailleurs for smooth

operation;

7.1.3 Remove and reinstall a wheel, tire, and tube using only

the tools in the rider’s ﬁeld tool kit;

7.1.4 Repair a broken chain using only the tools in the

rider’s ﬁeld tool kit;

7.1.5 Demonstrate a pre-ride safety inspection of the bi-

cycle.

7.2 A Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed indi-

vidual shall demonstrate the following riding abilities and

skills:

7.2.1 Good balance and control;

7.2.2 Rapidly and easily change speed and direction;

7.2.3 Perform a quick stop;

7.2.4 Jump off a slow moving bike without falling or

stumbling;

7.2.5 Slow ride for a minimum distance of 100 feet (30.5m);

7.2.6 Ride on paved roads in accordance with applicable

state laws;

7.2.7 Ride ﬁve (5) miles on an IMBA blue square-rated trail

typical of the responder’s normal area of operations;

7.2.7.1 The rider shall complete the ride with no more than

ﬁve (5) foot taps;

7.2.8 If the trail allows, the rider shall successfully deal with

the following obstacles while riding:

7.2.8.1 Cross a curb or similar obstacle, at least 5 inches

(13mm) high, both up and down;

7.2.8.2 Descend a drop off with a minimum height of 12

inches (30mm);

7.2.8.3 Cross a bridge with a maximum width of 24 inches

(60mm) and a minimum length of 6 feet (3m);

7.2.9 If the trail does not include any of the obstacles listed

above, the rider’s ability to negotiate them successfully shall be

evaluated separately.

8. Keywords

8.1 bike; bicycle; MBSAR; mountain bike; SAR; search

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned

in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ﬁve years and

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards

and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the

responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should

make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above

address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website

(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222

Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

F3175 − 16

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

亲，本站95%以上的标准规范都面向会员免费，办理VIP会员下载更省钱，平均每篇不到2元

立即下载 VIP免费下载

已全部加载

摘要：

ASTM F3175-16 是由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的关于增材制造（3D打印）用金属粉末材料的标准规范。该标准主要针对金属粉末床熔融工艺，规定了金属粉末的化学成分、粒度分布、流动性、表观密度等关键性能指标及其测试方法，为航空航天、医疗器械等高要求领域的金属粉末质量控制提供了统一的技术依据。通过遵循 ASTM F3175-16，制造商和用户能够确保粉末材料的一致性和可重复性，从而降低工艺风险，提升最终打印部件的机械性能和可靠性。该标准是推动金属增材制造产业化的重要技术文件，适用于粉末

展开>> 收起<<

ASTM F3175 - 16.pdf

共3页,预览3页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

声明：本文档系会员上传，若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知，我们立即给予侵权申诉删除！

ASTM F3175 - 16

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

相关内容

热门标签

举报选择: