NACE SP21421-2017

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NACE SP21421-2017

Item No. 21421

Approved 16 November 2017

ISBN 1-57590-379-2

Pictorial Standard for Underwater

Evaluation of Fouling Degree on

Ship Hulls

This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members

who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in

any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard or not, from

manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not

in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE standard is to be con-

strued as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in

connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent, or as

indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. This

standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a

restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended

to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the

usefulness of this standard in specic instances. NACE assumes no responsibility for the

interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accepts responsibility for only

those ocial NACE interpretations issued by NACE in accordance with its governing

procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual vol-

unteers.

Users of this NACE standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety,

environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in rela-

tion to this standard prior to its use. This NACE standard may not necessarily address all

potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use

of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard.

Users of this NACE standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health,

safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regula-

tory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regula-

tory requirements prior to the use of this standard.

CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE standards are subject to periodic review, and may be

revised or withdrawn at any time in accordance with NACE technical committee proce-

dures. NACE requires that action be taken to rearm, revise, or withdraw this standard

no later than ve years from the date of initial publication and subsequently from the date

of each rearmation or revision. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Pur-

chasers of NACE standards may receive current information on all standards and other

NACE publications by contacting the NACE FirstService Department, 15835 Park Ten

Place, Houston, TX 77084-5145 (telephone +1 281-228-6200).

ABSTRACT

One of the key factors affecting ship perfor-

mance, particularly fuel consumption and

associated GHG (Green House Gas) emis-

sions, is the degree of biofouling on the

immersed hull and propeller(s). Rates of

biofouling accumulation vary considerably,

depending on the suitability, age and physi-

cal condition of the coating system(s) ap-

plied to the hull, the voyaging, anchoring and

lay up patterns of the ship, and the geo-

graphical regions where these take place.

Since the rate of biofouling development is

often highly variable and difcult to predict,

demand for more consistent and reliable de-

scriptions provided by in-water hull inspec-

tions has increased. This pictorial-based

standard is designed to facilitate more con-

sistent descriptions of the degree of biofoul-

ing on a vessel hulls, however it is not meant

to dene the overall fouling condition of the

wetted hull.

KEYWORDS

Marine, Hull, Vessel, Biofouling, Pictorial, In-

spection, IMO MEPC, Assessment, Monitor,

TG 475

2 SP21421-2017 NACE International

Foreword

One of the key factors aecting ship performance, particularly fuel consumption and

associated GHG (Green House Gas) emissions, is the degree of biofouling on the

immersed hull and propeller(s). Rates of biofouling accumulation vary considerably,

depending on the suitability, age and physical condition of the coating system(s) applied

to the hull, the voyaging, anchoring and lay up patterns of the ship, and the geographical

regions where these take place.

Since the rate of biofouling development is often highly variable and dicult to predict,

demand for more consistent and reliable descriptions provided by in-water hull inspec-

tions has increased.

Apart from the need to measure and manage ship performance by cost-eective meth-

ods, demand for obtaining more reproducible and comparable readings of biofouling dis-

tribution around a ship’s hull has also increased in response to IMO(1) guidelines

(MECP.207(62)1 of July 2011) for reducing the spread of harmful marine species via the

biofouling vector, and the associated progressive implementation of hull biosecurity

assessment and inspection requirements by an increasing number of States and port

authorities (2007-ongoing).

This pictorial-based standard is designed to facilitate more consistent descriptions of

the degree of biofouling on a vessel hull, however it is not meant to dene the overall

fouling condition of the wetted hull.

The aim of the proposed standard is to provide a mechanism to help standardize any

biofouling descriptions that are based on underwater observations, photographs and

other inspection records, so that more comparable and reproducible data and informa-

tion can be collated for monitoring and assessment purposes, regardless of inspection

location or country.

Stakeholders who stand to gain direct benets from the adoption and widespread use of

this standard include ship owners and operators, eet managers and charterers, and the

suppliers of ship performance monitoring packages. Providers of in-water hull inspec-

tion and grooming services will also benet by being able to oer more reliable and con-

sistent survey results.

Ship operators, charterers, Port State authorities and other stakeholders with biosecu-

rity assessment needs will also stand to benet from the accrual of more reliable and

consistent hull inspection records, monitoring data and improved hull management,

such as timely application of grooming or other remedial strategies. Widespread use of

a standard that improves the quality of biofouling records will enable all stakeholders to

work more eectively towards achieving the considerable economic and environmental

benets from improved hull management.

In NACE standards, the terms shall,

must, should, and may are used in ac-

cordance with the denitions of these

terms in the NACE Publications Style

Manual. The terms shall and must are

used to state a requirement, and are con-

sidered mandatory. The term should is

used to state something good and is rec-

ommended, but is not considered man-

datory. The term may is used to state

something considered optional.

(1) International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom.

NACE International SP21421-2017 3

NACE International Standard Practice (SP21421-2017)

Pictorial Standard for Underwater Evaluation

of Fouling Degree on Ship Hulls

1: General ....................................................................................................................4

2: Denitions ................................................................................................................4

3: In-Water Biofouling Survey ......................................................................................5

4: Using this Standard ..................................................................................................6

5: Pictorial Gallery ........................................................................................................ 7

References .......................................................................................................................16

Bibliography ......................................................................................................................16

Appendix A: Brief Description of Common Fouling Organisms ........................................ 17

Appendix B: Camera Box Construction and Operation Tips............................................. 18

Appendix C: Selection of photographs .............................................................................19

Figures

1: Light Microfouling (Level ‘L’)..................................................................................... 8

2: Medium Microfouling (Level ‘M’) ..............................................................................9

3: Heavy Micro-Fouling (Level ‘H’) ............................................................................. 10

4: 1% Macro-Fouling (1)............................................................................................. 11

5: 5% Macro-Fouling (5).............................................................................................12

6: 10% Macro-Fouling (10).........................................................................................13

7: 15% Macro-Fouling (15).........................................................................................14

8: >15% Macro-Fouling (+15) ....................................................................................15

Tables

1: Code Representing Degree of Biofouling.................................................................6

A1: Brief Description of Common Fouling Organisms .................................................. 17

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摘要：

NACE SP21421-2017 是国际防腐蚀协会（NACE International，现为 AMPP）发布的一项针对石油、天然气及相关工业设施防腐蚀工程实施的标准规范。该标准旨在为管道、储罐及工艺设备在严苛环境下的腐蚀控制提供系统化的操作指南和技术要求，涵盖涂层选择、阴极保护设计、施工质量控制以及在役维护策略等关键环节。通过遵循 SP21421-2017 的规定，工程团队能够有效降低因腐蚀引发的设备失效与安全隐患，延长资产服役寿命，并提升整体作业的可靠性与合规性。本标准特别适用于油气田开发

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