NACE TM0106-2016

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NACE Standard TM0106-2016

Item No. 21248

Reafrmation 2016-03-20

Revised 2015-02-01

Approved 2006-06-23

ISBN 1-57590-206-0

Detection, Testing, and Evaluation of

Microbiologically Inuenced Corrosion

(MIC) on External Surfaces of Buried

Pipelines

This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members

who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in

any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard or not, from

manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not

in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE International stan-

dard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture,

sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters

Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Let-

ters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be

interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this

standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circum-

stances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specic instances. NACE Interna-

tional assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other

parties and accepts responsibility for only those ocial NACE International interpreta-

tions issued by NACE International in accordance with its governing procedures and pol-

icies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers.

Users of this NACE International standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate

health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their appli-

cability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may

not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental haz-

ards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or re-

ferred to within this standard. Users of this NACE International standard are also respon-

sible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices,

in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compli-

ance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this stan-

dard.

CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic review, and

may be revised or withdrawn at any time. NACE International requires that action be tak-

en to rearm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than ve years from the date of

initial publication. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE

International standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE

International publications by contacting the NACE International Membership Services

Department, 15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, Texas 77084 (telephone +1 [281] 228-

6200).

ABSTRACT

This standard describes types of microor-

ganisms, mechanisms by which MIC oc-

curs, methods of testing for the presence of

bacteria, research results, and interpreta-

tion of testing results for external surfaces

of buried, ferrous-based metal pipelines

and related components. Appendixes are

included for media specications (nonman-

datory Appendix A), dilution procedures

(nonmandatory Appendix B), and site in-

spection and testing (nonmandatory Ap-

pendix C). This standard is maintained Task

Group 237.

KEYWORDS

MIC, microorganisms, sampling, MMM, bio-

lm, bacteria, Archaea

2 TM0106-2016 NACE International

Foreword

Microbiologically inuenced corrosion (MIC) is corrosion caused by the presence or ac-

tivity (or both) of microorganisms in biolms on the surface of the corroding material.

Many materials, including most metals and some nonmetals, can be degraded in this

manner. Microbiologically mediated reactions can alter both rates and types of electro-

chemical reactions in a corrosion cell. These reactions inuence pitting, crevice corro-

sion, dierential aeration cells, concentration cells, dealloying, and galvanic corrosion.

Therefore, MIC investigations require microbiological, chemical, and metallurgical test-

ing for proper diagnosis. The conclusion that MIC has taken place should be based on

the preponderance of circumstantial evidence. Microorganisms are often resistant to

many control methods and can be a serious external corrosion threat to pipelines.

This NACE standard test method applies to the external surfaces of ferrous-based metal

pipeline facilities and describes types of microorganisms, mechanisms by which MIC

occurs, methods for sampling, and testing for the presence of microorganisms, research

results, and interpretation of testing results. Sections 1 through 4 of this standard dis-

cuss the technical aspects of MIC. Sections 5 through 7 discuss eld equipment and

testing procedures.

This standard is intended for use by pipeline operators, pipeline service providers, gov-

ernment agencies, and any other persons or companies involved in planning or manag-

ing pipeline integrity. Portions of Sections 3 and 4 of this standard are excerpted from

Peabody’s Control of Pipeline Corrosion, Chapter 14—“Microbiologically Inuenced

Corrosion,”1 and enclosed in quotation marks.

This standard was prepared by Task Group (TG) 237, “Microbiologically Inuenced Corro-

sion on External Surfaces of Buried Pipelines: Detection, Testing, and Evaluation—Stan-

dard.” It was revised in 2015 by TG 237. TG 237 is administered by Specic Technology

Group (STG) 35, “Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings,” and is sponsored by STG 60, “Cor-

rosion Mechanisms.” This standard is issued by NACE International under the auspices

of STG 35.

In NACE standards, the terms shall, must,

should, and may are used in accordance

with the denitions of these terms in the

NACE Publications Style Manual, 4th ed.,

Paragraph 7.4.1.9. Shall and must are used

to state mandatory requirements. The term

should is used to state something consid-

ered good and is recommended but is not

mandatory. The term may is used to state

something considered optional.

NACE International TM0106-2016 3

NACE International Test Method (TM0106-2016)

Detection, Testing, and Evaluation of

Microbiologically Inuenced Corrosion (MIC)

on External Surfaces of Buried Pipelines

1. General ....................................................................................................................4

2. Denitions ................................................................................................................4

3. Introduction ..............................................................................................................8

4. External MIC of Pipelines .......................................................................................12

5. Sampling Equipment .............................................................................................. 14

6. Sampling and Testing Procedures ......................................................................... 15

7. Testing Guidelines .................................................................................................. 17

8. Application of Test Methods to Pipelines and Interpretation of Data ...................... 25

References .............................................................................................................27

Bibliography ...........................................................................................................29

Appendix A (Nonmandatory) Site Inspection and Testing ...................................... 31

Figures

Figure 1: Examples of Various Pit Morphologies as Viewed in Cross Section ... 15

Figure 2: (Live, Inactive, and Dead) Typically Present in Samples from the Oil

Industry that are Enumerated Using Various MMMs as Compared to the MPN

(Culturing) Method .................................................................................................21

Table 1: Comparisons of MMMs ....................................................................... 21

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摘要：

NACE TM0106-2016 是由美国腐蚀工程师协会（NACE）发布的一项国际标准，全称为《使用电磁声学换能器（EMAT）技术与超声衍射时差法（TOFD）进行金属母材及焊接接头检测的标准试验方法》。该标准主要适用于油气管道、储罐等金属结构在制造及在役过程中的腐蚀、裂纹及分层缺陷的检测与评估。通过结合EMAT和TOFD两种超声检测技术，该标准能够实现更高精度的缺陷定位与尺寸量化，从而显著提升承压设备的安全性与可靠性。本标准广泛应用于石油天然气、化工、电力等行业的质量控制与腐蚀监测领域，是相关工

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