IEEE Std C37.91-2021

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STANDARDS

IEEE Guide for Protecting Power

Transformers

IEEE Power and Energy Society

Developed by the

Power System Relaying and Control Committee

IEEE Std C37.91™-2021

(Revision of IEEE Std C37.91-2008)

IEEE Std C37.91™-2021

(Revision of IEEE Std C37.91-2008)

IEEE Guide for Protecting Power

Transformers

Developed by the

Power System Relaying and Control Committee

of the

IEEE Power and Energy Society

Approved 25 March 2021

IEEE SA Standards Board

Abstract: Guidelines for protecting three-phase power transformers of more than 5 MVA rated

capacity and operating at voltages exceeding 10 kV is provided to protection engineers and other

readers in this guide. In some cases, a user may apply the techniques described in this guide for

protecting transformers of less than 5 MVA ratings or operating at voltages less than 10 kV.

Information to assist protection engineers in properly applying relays and other devices to protect

transformers used in transmission and distribution systems is also provided. General philosophy,

practical applications, and economic considerations involved in power transformer protection are

discussed, with an emphasis on practical applications. Types of faults in transformers are

described. Technical problems with the protection systems, including the behavior of current

transformers during system faults, are discussed, as well as associated problems, such as fault

clearing and post trip reenergization.

Keywords: current transformer, differential protection, gas accumulator relay, grounding

transformer, IEEE C37.91™, magnetizing inrush, overcurrent protection, power transformer,

regulating transformer, sudden pressure relay, transformer overexcitation, transformer protection,

volts-per-hertz protection



The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA

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Incorporated.

National Electrical Code, NEC, and NFPA 70 are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by the

National Fire Protection Association.

National Electrical Safety Code and NESC are registered trademarks and service marks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, Incorporated.

PDF: ISBN 978-1-5044-7502-0 STD24660

Print: ISBN 978-1-5044-7503-7 STDPD24660

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摘要：

IEEE Std C37.91-2021 是电气与电子工程师协会发布的最新版保护继电器应用指南，全称为《IEEE Guide for Protecting Power Transformers》。该标准为电力变压器保护方案的设计、整定与实施提供了系统性的技术指导，涵盖电流差动保护、过电流保护、接地故障保护、涌流抑制、CT饱和影响及数字继电器通信等关键议题。2021年修订版在原有基础上新增了对智能电网环境、IEC 61850过程总线应用、以及基于数据驱动模型的变压器状态监测等前沿技术的考量。该标准

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