SAE J2797-2022

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For more information on this standard, visit
https://www.sae.org/standards/content/J2797_202202/
SURFACE VEHICLE
INFORMATION REPORT
J2797™
FEB2022
Issued 2007-02
Revised 2022-02
Superseding J2797 AUG2014
Power Cylinder Blow-by: Blow-by Mechanisms
RATIONALE
This Five-Year Review and update include additional detail and clarifications on fundamental mechanisms of blow-by. Some
of the updates are:
• Addition of Breathers that can affect blow-by. Removal of Oil Jets, Piston Pins, and Connecting Rods causing high
blow-by
• Addition of Concentricity of the piston features that can cause blow-by
• Removed piston guidance and the associated figures as a cause of blow-by
• Removed Skirt Axial Profile and the associated figures as a cause of blow-by
• Added Microwelding as a factor that can cause high blow-by
• Updated the information regarding piston ring conformability
• Removed the effects of Oil Viscosity causing blow-by
• Removed Torque procedure and Improper O-rings affecting blow-by
• Added “Other Publications” in Section 2 with references to key technical publications on ring conformability
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................... 5
2. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Applicable Documents ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 SAE Publications ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 ISO Publications ...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Other Publications .................................................................................................................................... 6
3. DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 6
4. BASICS OF MECHANISMS OF BLOW-BY .............................................................................................. 6
Downloaded from SAE International by Univ of Toronto, Thursday, February 17, 2022
SAE INTERNATIONAL J2797™ FEB2022 Page 2 of 34
5. POWER CYLINDER COMPONENT - EFFECTS ON BLOW-BY ............................................................... 7
5.1 Piston and Piston Ring Pack .................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Piston ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.3 Top Piston Ring ....................................................................................................................................... 9
5.4 Second Piston Ring.................................................................................................................................. 9
5.5 Oil Piston Ring ......................................................................................................................................... 9
5.6 Cylinder Bore ........................................................................................................................................... 9
6. OTHER EFFECTS ON BLOW-BY ............................................................................................................ 9
7. PISTON EFFECTS ON BLOW-BY ......................................................................................................... 10
7.1 Piston Ring Grooves .............................................................................................................................. 10
7.1.1 Groove Type (Medium Effect)................................................................................................................. 10
7.1.2 Waviness and Flatness (Major Effect) .................................................................................................... 10
7.1.3 Surface Conditions (Major Effect) ........................................................................................................... 10
7.1.4 Tilt (Medium Effect) ................................................................................................................................ 11
7.1.5 Concentricity (Minor Effect) .................................................................................................................... 12
7.1.6 System Effects (Major Effect) ................................................................................................................. 12
7.1.7 Piston Ring Groove Material (Minor Effect) ............................................................................................. 12
7.2 Piston Lands .......................................................................................................................................... 12
7.2.1 Diameters (Major Effect) ........................................................................................................................ 12
7.2.2 Piston Land Lengths (Medium Effect) ..................................................................................................... 12
7.2.3 Piston Land Profiles (Major Effect) ......................................................................................................... 13
7.2.4 Piston Land Circumferential Profiles (Minor Effect) ................................................................................. 13
7.2.5 Piston Land Pressurization (Major Effect) ............................................................................................... 14
7.2.6 Chamfers (Major Effect for the Top Groove Bottom Side, Medium Effect for Other Groove Chamfers) .... 14
7.2.7 Accumulator Grooves (Medium Effect) ................................................................................................... 14
7.3 Oil Drain Features (Minor Effect) ............................................................................................................ 15
7.4 Piston Skirt ............................................................................................................................................ 16
7.4.1 Piston Guidance or Piston Secondary Motion (Minor Effect) ................................................................... 16
7.5 Piston Cooling (Minor Effect) .................................................................................................................. 16
7.5.1 Piston Cooling (Minor Effect) .................................................................................................................. 16
7.6 Piston Temperatures (Minor Effect) ........................................................................................................ 16
7.6.1 Piston Thermal Distribution .................................................................................................................... 17
7.6.2 Carbon Build Up..................................................................................................................................... 17
7.6.3 Microwelding .......................................................................................................................................... 17
7.6.4 Thermal Expansion ................................................................................................................................ 17
8. PISTON RING EFFECTS ON BLOW-BY................................................................................................ 17
8.1 General Piston Rings ............................................................................................................................. 17
8.1.1 Conformability (Major Effect) .................................................................................................................. 17
8.1.2 Surface Conditions (Major Effect) ........................................................................................................... 18
8.2 Piston Compression Rings ..................................................................................................................... 18
8.2.1 Twist (Major Effect) ................................................................................................................................ 18
8.2.2 Closed Gap (Major Effect) ...................................................................................................................... 19
8.2.3 Gap Ratios (Major Effect) ....................................................................................................................... 19
8.2.4 Top Ring End Gap Chamfer or Rounding (Major Effect) ......................................................................... 19
8.2.5 Piston Ring Axial Width (Major Effect) .................................................................................................... 20
8.2.6 Ring Mass (Major Effect) ........................................................................................................................ 20
8.2.7 Waviness (Chatter) (Major Effect)........................................................................................................... 20
8.2.8 Straightness (Medium Effect) ................................................................................................................. 21
8.2.9 Roughness (Medium Effect) ................................................................................................................... 21
8.2.10 Periphery Profile .................................................................................................................................... 21
8.2.11 Material (Medium Effect) ........................................................................................................................ 23
8.2.12 Piston Ring Side Configuration (Medium Effect) ..................................................................................... 23
8.2.13 Piston Ring Circumferential Shape (Minor Effect) ................................................................................... 23
8.2.14 Tension (Minor Effect) ............................................................................................................................ 24
8.2.15 OD Chamfers (Minor Effect) ................................................................................................................... 25
8.2.16 System Effects ....................................................................................................................................... 26
8.3 Piston Ring Materials ............................................................................................................................. 26
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SAE INTERNATIONAL J2797™ FEB2022 Page 3 of 34
8.3.1 Base Material (Medium Effect) ............................................................................................................... 26
8.3.2 Periphery Coating Material (Medium Effect) ........................................................................................... 26
8.4 Oil Control Ring...................................................................................................................................... 26
8.4.1 General Oil Ring (Minor Effect)............................................................................................................... 26
8.4.2 Two Piece Oil Ring................................................................................................................................. 26
8.4.3 Three Piece Oil Ring .............................................................................................................................. 27
8.5 Piston Ring Alignment ............................................................................................................................ 28
9. CYLINDER BORE EFFECT ON BLOW-BY ............................................................................................ 28
9.1 Bore Distortion (Major Effect) ................................................................................................................. 28
9.2 Surface Condition (Medium Effect) ......................................................................................................... 29
9.3 Cylinder Bore Surface Finish (Minor Effect) ............................................................................................ 29
9.4 Honing Angle (Minor Effect) ................................................................................................................... 30
9.5 Material (Minor Effect) ............................................................................................................................ 30
10. SYSTEM EFFECTS ON BLOW-BY ........................................................................................................ 30
10.1 Piston Ring Seating (Major Effect) .......................................................................................................... 30
10.2 Inter-Ring Gas Pressure and Piston Ring Dynamics (Major Effect) ......................................................... 31
10.3 Piston Ring/Groove Side Clearance (Medium Effect) .............................................................................. 31
10.4 Piston Ring/Groove Back Clearance (Medium Effect) ............................................................................. 32
10.4.1 Oil Volume Behind the Rings .................................................................................................................. 32
10.4.2 Interference............................................................................................................................................ 32
10.4.3 Energizing the Piston Ring ..................................................................................................................... 32
10.5 Interactions with Oil Consumption .......................................................................................................... 32
11. ENGINE OPERATION ........................................................................................................................... 32
11.1 Engine Speed ........................................................................................................................................ 32
11.2 Engine Load........................................................................................................................................... 32
11.3 Engine Maintenance .............................................................................................................................. 32
12. QUALITY ISSUES ................................................................................................................................. 32
12.1 Potential Cylinder Bore Quality Issues .................................................................................................... 32
12.2 Potential Piston Quality Issues ............................................................................................................... 33
12.3 Potential Piston Ring Quality Issues ....................................................................................................... 33
12.4 Potential Assembly Issues...................................................................................................................... 33
12.4.1 Incorrect Piston Ring in the Piston Groove ............................................................................................. 33
12.4.2 Missing Piston Rings .............................................................................................................................. 33
12.4.3 Broken Piston Rings ............................................................................................................................... 33
12.4.4 Chipped Piston Ring Periphery Coatings ................................................................................................ 33
12.4.5 Lack of Proper Lubrication During Installation ......................................................................................... 33
12.4.6 Excessive Core Sands from the Block or Head Casting .......................................................................... 33
13. OTHER CAUSES ................................................................................................................................... 34
13.1 Scuffing ................................................................................................................................................. 34
13.2 Piston Ring Sticking ............................................................................................................................... 34
14. HIGH MILEAGE EFFECTS .................................................................................................................... 34
14.1 Critical Wear Couples ............................................................................................................................ 34
14.1.1 Carbon Causing Piston Ring Groove Sticking ......................................................................................... 34
15. NOTES .................................................................................................................................................. 34
15.1 Revision Indicator .................................................................................................................................. 34
Figure 1 Flow of oil and gases past a piston ring .................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2 Power cylinder ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3 Piston ring pack - orifice/volume model .................................................................................................... 8
Figure 4 Types of rings and grooves .................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 5 Piston groove waviness.......................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 6 Groove uptilt .......................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 7 Piston land diameters ............................................................................................................................. 12
Downloaded from SAE International by Univ of Toronto, Thursday, February 17, 2022
摘要：

SAE J2797-2022 是一项由国际自动机工程师学会（SAE International）发布的最新标准，全称为《氢燃料车辆用压缩氢气储存系统术语与规范》。该标准于2022年修订发布，旨在统一和更新用于轻型氢燃料电池车辆（FCEV）中，额定工作压力为70 MPa（兆帕）的IV型（全复合纤维缠绕）高压氢气储存系统的术语定义、设计、测试及安全要求。与旧版相比，2022版标准特别强化了对复合材料老化、氢气渗透率、极端温度循环及耐火性能的测试规程，并补充了关于车载储氢系统在高速碰撞场景下的结构完整

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作者：Carl 分类：国外协会 价格：18星币 属性：34 页 大小：1.21MB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-09-06

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