SAE ARP 5151A-2019

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AEROSPACE

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE

ARP5151™

REV. A

Issued 2006-10

Reaffirmed 2013-05

Revised 2019-08

Superseding ARP5151

(R) Safety Assessment of General Aviation Airplanes and Rotorcraft

in Commercial Service

RATIONALE

ARP5151 is updated commensurate with changes in ARP5150A and to reflect current industry practices.

INTRODUCTION

Safety is not self-sustaining. When an aircraft is delivered and is in its original type certificated condition, it has an initial

level of safety. As it is operated, the level of safety is maintained through a continuing process of monitoring service

experience, identifying safety related issues and opportunities, and then addressing these issues or opportunities through

appropriate product or procedure changes. This continuing process may be referred to as the “ongoing safety assessment

process.”

This document provides a systematic process for assessing ongoing safety of general aviation airplanes and rotorcraft

(GAR). This process is intended to assist in focusing available resources in areas that maximize the potential to improve

commercial aviation safety. Ongoing safety assessment relies on a cooperative effort among individual commercial

operators, manufacturers, suppliers, airworthiness authorities, and other aviation service providers. There are variations in

current practices throughout the industry. This document provides guidelines intended to enhance consistency of approach

in how aircraft safety assessments are conducted and how GAR aircraft are operated in commercial service worldwide. This

document is not a regulation. It is, rather, a reference summary of best practices where a reader can go to obtain more

detailed information. The user is not constrained to use any of the elements contained within this document. This document

allows a user to seek improvements by comparing existing methods with those listed herein.

To improve safety during the complete aircraft life cycle, it is not sufficient to assess the safety of the aircraft only during its

design phase. Ongoing aircraft operations should be evaluated for safety (e.g., maintenance or operation procedures). The

aircraft is evolving and changing during the “in-service” phase (e.g., product improvements, modifications). For these

reasons, safety should be assessed during the “in-service” phase of the aircraft life cycle. In order to do that, information

can be collected, monitored, and analyzed. In addition to maintaining the safety of the aircraft, there is also a desire to

enhance safety. The GAR aircraft accident rate has been steadily declining. Use of information within this document is

intended to continue this industry improvement.

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SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5151™A Page 2 of 12

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 How to Use This Document ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Intended Users ........................................................................................................................................... 3

2. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Applicable Documents ............................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1 SAE Publications ........................................................................................................................................ 4

2.2 Related Publications .................................................................................................................................. 4

2.2.1 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) .......................................................................................................... 4

2.2.2 FAA Publications ........................................................................................................................................ 5

2.2.3 Other Publications ...................................................................................................................................... 5

2.3 Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 5

2.4 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 5

3. ONGOING SAFETY ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 6

3.1 Ongoing Safety Assessment Process ........................................................................................................ 6

3.1.1 Hazard Identification .................................................................................................................................. 7

3.1.2 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................................ 7

3.1.3 Risk Reduction/Mitigation........................................................................................................................... 7

3.1.4 Risk Control Implementation ...................................................................................................................... 7

3.1.5 Hazard Tracking ......................................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Ongoing Safety Assessment Process Customization ................................................................................ 8

4. METHODS AND TOOLS ........................................................................................................................... 9

4.1 Risk Assessment Matrix ............................................................................................................................. 9

4.2 Hazard Tracking ......................................................................................................................................... 9

4.3 Hazard Reporting ....................................................................................................................................... 9

5. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES ................................................................................................ 9

5.1 Rotorcraft Risk Analysis Handbook ......................................................................................................... 10

5.2 Small Airplane Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................. 10

5.3 Transport Airplane Risk Assessment Method .......................................................................................... 11

6. NOTES ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

6.1 Revision Indicator ..................................................................................................................................... 11

APPENDIX A SAMPLE OF AIRWORTHINESS ISSUE TRACKING FORM .................................................................. 12

Figure 1 Ongoing safety assessment process ......................................................................................................... 6

Table 1 Ongoing safety assessment process summary ......................................................................................... 8

Table 2 Risk assessment matrix example .............................................................................................................. 9

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SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5151™A Page 3 of 12

1. SCOPE

This document describes a process that may be used to perform the ongoing safety assessment for (1) GAR aircraft and

components (hereafter, aircraft), and (2) commercial operators of GAR aircraft. The process described herein is intended

to support an overall safety management program. It is to help a company establish and meet its own internal standards.

The process described herein identifies a systematic means, but not the only means, to assess continuing airworthiness.

Ongoing safety management is an activity dedicated to assuring that risk is identified and properly eliminated or controlled.

The safety management process includes both safety assessment and economic decision-making. While economic

decision-making (factors related to scheduling, parts, and cost) is an integral part of the safety management process, this

document addresses only the ongoing safety assessment process. This ongoing safety assessment process includes safety

problem identification and corrective action, tracking of problems, the application of “lessons learned” to improve the

efficiency of the process, and reduction of the time to achieve corrective action in the field.

ARP5150 is the recommended practice for the safety assessment of Transport Airplanes in Commercial Service. ARP5151

is the recommended practice for the safety assessment process for GAR aircraft in commercial services. While the

processes are similar, their implementations are different due to operations, data availability, and sizes of individual

operations.

1.1 How to Use This Document

Each organization reviewing this document needs to establish which sections may prove helpful in improving or

supplementing their existing safety related practices. The specific applicability and usefulness of the individual guidelines,

methods, and tools will vary from organization to organization. Due to the wide variability in GAR manufacturers, aircraft

maintainers/modifiers, vendors, users, and operators, this document provides a generic safety assessment process that

may be tailored to fit a company’s specific situation.

1.2 Intended Users

The intended users of this document include, but are not limited to, GAR commercial operators, airframe/engine

manufacturers, component manufacturers, equipment suppliers, maintenance/modification/repair centers, and

airworthiness authorities. Any organization involved with the safety assessment and safety management of GAR aircraft or

its components may be a potential user. Three specific levels of users have been defined. Those users have differing

potential actions and types of information available thus their responses will vary. The three levels of users are:

Level A - Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) of the airframe, engine, or propeller. These organizations and others that

hold a type certificate or production authorization have responsibility for their initial design and their changes to that design.

These organizations also have a responsibility under 14 CFR 21.3 to report failures, malfunctions, and defects to the

airworthiness authorities with the guidance of AC21-9B. Level A includes those organizations that did not produce the

aircraft components (such as military surplus aircraft), but have a type certificate issued to them. Level A organizations have

the responsibility for dissemination of corrective action, and may have worldwide service information on their products. This

safety assessment process may be applied to Level A organizations’ products used in non-commercial service.

Level B - Component manufacturers, supplemental type certificate (STC), and part manufacturing approval (PMA) holders

and technical standard order (TSO) holders of aircraft, engines, or equipment. These organizations have a responsibility

under 14 CFR 21.3 to report failures, malfunctions, and defects to the airworthiness authorities with the guidance of

AC21-9B. Repair stations have a responsibility under 14 CFR 145.221 to report failures, malfunctions, and defects to the

airworthiness authorities. Level B organizations usually have database information that is limited to their own products or

components, but are still responsible for identification of service issues and corrective action for their equipment. This safety

assessment process may be applied to Level B organizations’ products/services used in non-commercial services.

Level C - Commercial GAR operators. These operators receive compensation for their aircraft services and have information

limited to their internal operations. Level C organizations have internal corrective action responsibilities. Reporting of service

and operational issues are usually initiated at the operator level. These organizations also have a responsibility under

14 CFR 135.415 to report to the airworthiness authorities, all failures, malfunctions, and defects related to their 14 CFR 135

operations. While it is recognized that some operations (e.g., use of an aircraft incidental to another type of operation)

involve business or other types of use (e.g., 14 CFR 91 or equivalent), this safety assessment process is intended to apply

to those aircraft, components, and operations used for compensation or hire which fall under 14 CFR 135.

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摘要：

SAE ARP 5151A-2019 是一项由国际自动机工程师学会（SAE International）发布的航空工业标准规范，专为航空器维修与地面支持操作中的安全风险管理而制定。该标准全称为“航空器维修与地面支持操作安全风险评估指南”，其核心目标是通过系统化的风险评估方法，帮助航空运营商、维修机构和地面服务单位识别、评估并控制维修与地面操作中的潜在危险。ARP 5151A 取代了之前的版本，纳入了更新的行业实践、事故教训以及与 FAA（美国联邦航空管理局）及 EASA（欧洲航空安全局）法规的协

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