NFPA 13-2019 Handbook

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Edited by

David R. Hague, P.E.

Principal Fire Protection Engineer, NFPA

Chad R.W. Duy, P.E.

Senior Fire Protection Engineer, NFPA

With the complete text of the 2019 edition of NFPA® 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

Automatic Sprinkler

Systems Handbook Fourteenth Edition

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

The leading information and knowledge resource on re, electrical and related hazar

BK-NFPA-13HB19-180218-FM.indd 1 11/2/18 2:13 PM

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Copyright 2018 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on 12/20/2018 to New Haven University Of. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted

without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on September 30, 2019.

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The 2019 edition of the Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook contains the complete mandatory text of the 2019 edition

of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, as well as expert commentary to assist users in their under-

standing and application of the standard. In addition to the commentary text, this edition of the handbook also oers a

number of helpful features, which are described below.

2019 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook

684 Chapter 20 • General Requirements for Storage

for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, extended for an addi-

tional 20 minutes in the form in which they are installed in the space.

(5) Concealed spaces in which the exposed materials are constructed entirely of fire retar-

dant–treated wood as defined by NFPA 703.

(6) Concealed spaces over isolated small compartments not exceeding 55 ft2 (5.1 m2) in area.

(7) Vertical pipe chases under 10 ft2 (0.9 m2), provided that in multifloor buildings the chases

are firestopped at each floor using materials equivalent to the floor construction. Such

pipe chases shall contain no sources of ignition, piping shall be noncombustible, and pipe

penetrations at each floor shall be properly sealed.

(8) Exterior columns under 10 ft2 (0.9 m2) in area formed by studs or wood joists, supporting

exterior canopies that are fully protected with a sprinkler system.

(9) Cavities within unsprinklered wall spaces.

Subsection 20.7.2 lists nine types of concealed spaces that are not required to address the increase in

the design area because the lack of combustibility in the construction of the concealed space limits the

probability that a fire will move through the concealed space. In those cases, the existence of combustible

materials, such as telephone/computer wire, drain pipes, or other materials, is typically not a sufficient

concern to require additional sprinkler protection.

CLOSER LOOK [20.7]

Unsprinklered Combustible Concealed Spaces

In an ordinary hazard occupancy with a 60-minute water supply

duration requirement and having an unsprinklered combustible

concealed space between the first and second floors, the applica-

tion of the 3000 ft2 (280 m2) design area is required. In this case, the

design area for the sprinkler system on both the first and second

floors would be required to be 3000 ft2 (280 m2) as provided by

20.7.1.1, unless the floor slab completely separates the concealed

space and the second floor has a 1-hour fire resistance rating as

provided by 20.7.1.2. If the building were four stories in height,

the existence of the unsprinklered combustible concealed space

between the first and second floors would not affect the design

area required on the third and fourth floors of the building.

If the drop ceiling below the floor slab that creates the con-

cealed space is necessary for the 1-hour rating of the floor/ceiling

assembly, the design area would apply to the system on the second

floor, because the entire fire-resistive assembly (from the bottom

of the suspended ceiling to the top of the floor slab) would not be

between the concealed space and the area protected by the sec-

ond floor sprinkler system.

The 3000 ft2 (280 m2) design area is intended to be applied

after all the other adjustments required by the density/area method

of calculation, which means that users should pick their points

wisely from the density/area curves. By sliding up the curves to pick

the initial point, users can conserve water and make the system

design more efficient.

The 3000 ft2 (280 m2) design area applies only to sprinklers

using the density/area method, so it does not apply to CMSA and

ESFR sprinkler systems. Because CMSA and ESFR sprinklers are

specifically designed to deal with fires in storage and warehouse

occupancies, it is highly unlikely that a fire would be controlled

or suppressed by such sprinklers and still have sufficient force to

move through a combustible concealed space. Even if a fire did

move through such a concealed space, it is assumed that there are

sufficient safety factors in the design area to deal with additional

sprinklers that might open.

If 9.2.1 does not specifically allow sprinklers to be omitted

from a concealed space, then Section 20.7 cannot be used to jus-

tify omitting sprinklers from those concealed spaces. The design

area cannot be increased to 3000 ft2 (280 m2) while sprinklers are

omitted from a concealed space that is not addressed by 9.2.1.

20.8 Room Design Method .

20.8.1* The water supply requirements for sprinklers only shall be based upon the room that

creates the greatest demand.

A.20.8.1 This subsection allows for calculation of the sprinklers in the largest room, so long

as the calculation produces the greatest hydraulic demand among selection of rooms and

BK-NFPA-13HB19-180218-Chp20.indd 684 10/10/18 9:11 PM

2019 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook

506 Chapter 17 • Installation Requirements for Hanging and Support of System Piping

Slots in the angle iron are a common way to attach the hangers to the angle iron trapeze member. This

allows for flexibility in working with the structure and nominal variations that could exist. However, remov-

ing material from the angle iron to create the slot will reduce the load capacity of the member. These

guidelines are provided to restrict the size and number of slots in an angle iron.

17.4 * Installation of Pipe Hangers .

A.17.4 To enhance permanence, proper hanger installation is important. Installation

procedures should meet industry standards of practice and craftsmanship. For example,

hanger assemblies are straight, perpendicular to the pipe, uniformly located, and snug to the

structure with fasteners fully engaged.

17.4.1 General.

17.4.1.1 Ceiling Sheathing.

17.4.1.1.1* Unless the requirements of 17.4.1.1.2 are met, sprinkler piping shall be supported

independently of the ceiling sheathing.

A.17.4.1.1.1 Fasteners used to support sprinkler system piping should not be attached to ceil-

ings of gypsum or other similar soft material.

17.4.1.1.2 Toggle hangers shall be permitted only for the support of pipe 1½ in. (40 mm) or

smaller in size under ceilings of hollow tile or metal lath and plaster.

FAQ [17.4.1.1.2]

Are toggle hangers permitted to

be utilized in gypsum wallboard

ceilings?

Toggle hangers are not permitted

for use with gypsum wallboard

or other less substantial types of

ceiling materials.

DESIGNER’S CORNER 17.3

Should the hangers supporting the 3 in. (80 mm) Schedule

40 steel pipe trapeze member shown in the illustration

be sized to support the 3 in. (80 mm) Schedule 40 trapeze

member or the 6 in. (150 mm) Schedule 10 sprinkler main?

If the “cookbook” approach to using trapeze hangers as laid out in

Section 17.3 is used, the hangers supporting the trapeze member

should be individually sized to support the 6 in. (150 mm) sprinkler

main. Since the hanger components will not be physically attached

to the 6 in. (150 mm) pipe, a component is needed from a hanger

manufacturer to connect to the 3 in. (80 mm) trapeze member that

will support the load of the 6 in. (150 mm) (water-filled) main. Man-

ufacturers are aware of this requirement and make correct connec-

tions for these situations.

Confusion on this issue stems from previous editions of NFPA

13, in which the rules were not so clear. With a lack of guidance

from NFPA 13 on the subject, many designers and installers would

use hangers sufficient to support the load of the 3 in. (80 mm)

trapeze member in the example. Since there were two such

hangers for each trapeze member, they calculated that the total

capacity of the trapeze would still be sufficient to carry the load

of the sprinkler main, but this was done as an extension of the

building requirements for only the weight of the system piping

plus 250 lb (115 kg). When the sprinkler main is much closer to

one of the trapeze supports than to the other, the two hangers for

the trapeze member might not be able to support the load of the

sprinkler main if they are sized for sharing the load between the

two supports of the trapeze.

To fix this situation, the Technical Committee on Hanging

and Bracing changed the rules in the 2007 edition to require that

the hangers for the trapeze be sized individually to support the

sprinkler main. This approach is the most conservative and will

work for all circumstances, as long as connections to the trapeze

member will support the greater load, which they now do.

Under the performance-based option of 17.1.2, professional

engineers could still design a trapeze with hangers that are

sized to support only the trapeze member if they perform

the calculations to prove that the hanger assembly provides

adequate support overall to the sprinkler main. This calculation

would not be difficult for a structural engineer and would still

comply with NFPA 13.

3 in. trapeze member

6 in. sprinkler main

Hangers in question

Schedule 40 Trapeze Hanger.

BK-NFPA-13HB19-180218-Chp17.indd 506 30/10/18 11:46 AM

➤

Closer Look features provide

further information on selected

topics from the standard.

➤

Designer’s Corner features

provide insight into sprinkler

system design and installation.

➤

Nonmandatory Annex A material

follows its corresponding

mandatory text in the standard.

Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook 2019

Section 25.2 • Ceiling-Level Sprinkler Design Criteria in Combination with In-Rack Sprinklers 821

Doors at the lower and intermediate levels and ventilation louvers at the tops of walls were

kept closed during the majority of the fire tests, which minimized the effect of exterior conditions.

The entire test series was fully instrumented with thermocouples attached to rack mem-

bers, simulated building columns, bar joists, and the ceiling.

Racks were constructed of steel vertical and horizontal members designed for 4000 lb

(1815 kg) loads. Vertical members were 8 ft (2.4 m) on center for conventional racks and 4 ft

(1.2 m) on center for simulated automated racks. Racks were 3½ ft (1 m) wide with 6 in. (150 mm)

longitudinal flue space for an overall width of 7½ ft (2.3 m). Simulated automated racks and

slave pallets were used in the main central rack in the 4 ft (1.2 m) aisle tests. Conventional

racks and conventional pallets were used in the main central rack in the 8 ft (2.4 m) aisle tests.

The majority of the tests were conducted with 100 ft2 (9.3 m2) sprinkler spacing.

The test configuration for storage heights of 15 ft (4.6 m), 20 ft (6.1 m), and 25 ft (7.6 m)

covered an 1800 ft2 (167.2 m2) floor area, including aisles between racks. Tests that were used

in producing this standard limited fire damage to this area. The maximum water damage area

anticipated in the standard is 6000 ft2 (555 m2), the upper limit of the design curves.

The test data show that, as density is increased, both the extent of fire damage and sprin-

kler operation are reduced. The data also indicate that, with sprinklers installed in the racks, a

reduction is gained in the area of fire damage and sprinkler operations (e.g., water damage).

Table C.9 illustrates these points. The information shown in the table is taken from the

test series for storage height of 20 ft (6.1 m) using the standard commodity.

Water supply

System control valve

System check valve

Main drain valve

Check valve

Fire department connection

Local waterflow alarm

Feed main to sprinklers

Sprinkler System Riser Assembly—Equipment Legend

414

Piping (drop) down to in-rack sprinklers

OS&Y control valve

Ceiling/overhead fire sprinklers

In-rack fire sprinkler(s)

Branch line(s)

Rack structure

Roof support structure

Sprinkler System & Building—Legend

Note: In-rack sprinkler portion contains more than 20 sprinklers but only occupies portion of area protected by ceiling system.

EXHIBIT 25.3 In-Rack Sprinklers Occupying Only Portion of Area Protected by Ceiling Sprinklers. (Courtesy of Stephan Laforest)

EXHIBIT 25.4 Sectional Control

Valve for In-Rack Sprinklers.

BK-NFPA-13HB19-180218-Chp25.indd 821 17/10/18 12:22 AM

Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook 2019

Section 4.5 • System Protection Area Limitations 101

4.5.3 Where single systems protect extra hazard, high-piled storage, or storage covered by

other NFPA standards, and ordinary or light hazard areas, the extra hazard or storage area

coverage shall not exceed the floor area specified for that hazard and the total area coverage

shall not exceed 52,000 ft2 (4830 m2).

4.5.4 The area protected by a single in-rack system includes all of the floor area occupied by

the racks, including aisles, regardless of the number of levels of in-rack sprinklers.

4.5.4.1 Multiple buildings attached by canopies, covered breezeways, common roofs, or a

common wall(s) shall be permitted to be supplied by a single fire sprinkler riser.

4.5.5 The maximum system size shall comply with 4.5.1.

Where acceptable to the local authority having jurisdiction, multiple detached buildings can be protected

with a single sprinkler system. In instances where no water supply is located close by, it would be feasible

to supply the sprinklers in a detached building by extending the sprinkler system from an adjacent build-

ing. In such cases, the best alternative is to extend the water supply and provide the building with its own

sprinkler system. Examples might include portable classrooms, small auxiliary buildings associated with

car dealerships, and similar small adjacent buildings. In such cases, the local authority having jurisdiction

can allow the sprinklers to be supplied by a sprinkler system in an adjacent building. Care should be taken

when the two buildings involved do not have the same ownership or the fire protection is not under the

control of a single party. Such situations can result in impairments that go unknown or delays in accessing

control valves in an emergency situation. Another consideration should be the ability of alarm devices to

identify which areas or buildings are experiencing waterflow. This can be accomplished with visible alarm

annunciation devices such as strobes rather than multiple local alarm bells.

4.5.6* Detached Buildings.

A.4.5.6 Buildings adjacent to a primary structure can be protected by extending the fire sprin-

kler system from the primary structure. This eliminates the need to provide a separate fire

sprinkler system for small auxiliary buildings. Items that should be considered before final-

izing fire sprinkler design should include the following:

(1) Actual physical distance between adjacent structures

(2) Potential for the property to be split into separate parcels and sold separately

(3) Square footage of both the primary and auxiliary structures

(4) Difficulties in providing a separate water supply to the auxiliary structure

(5) Occupancy/hazard of the auxiliary structure

(6) Ability of emergency response personnel to easily identify the structure from which water-

flow is originating

4.5.6.1 Unless the requirements of 4.5.6.2 apply, detached buildings, regardless of separation dis-

tance, that do not meet the criteria of 4.5.4 shall be provided with separate fire sprinkler systems.

4.5.6.2 When acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, detached structures shall be

permitted to be supplied by the fire sprinkler system of an adjacent building.

Why would an authority having jurisdiction have concerns about multiple buildings using the same re

sprinkler system?

From the standpoint of an authority having jurisdiction, the primary problem with multiple buildings using

the same sprinkler system occurs if each building is or becomes owned by dierent owners. If the source

building owner stops maintaining the water supply and the buildings are under separate ownership, it be-

comes very dicult to enforce re code maintenance requirements for the dependent building. If the author-

ity having jurisdiction allows the use of the exception in 4.5.6.2, it should be in situations where it is unlikely

or impossible for the ownership of the individual buildings to split or where legal easements are recorded.

ASK THE AHJ

Where high-piled storage or

extra hazard occupancies are

mixed with light hazard or

ordinary hazard occupancies, is

it acceptable to exceed 40,000

ft2 (3720 m2) per floor?

A single system that protects

both ordinary or light hazard

areas and solid-piled, palletized,

or rack storage greater than 12 ft

(3.7 m) high or that protects extra

hazard areas can have a coverage

area of up to 52,000 ft2 (4830 m2),

as indicated by 4.5.3. However,

not more than 40,000 ft2 (3720

m2) of that coverage area can be

high-piled storage or hydrauli-

cally designed for extra hazard

occupancies.

The 40,000 ft2 (3720 m2)

maximum extra hazard coverage

area for hydraulically designed

systems is consistent with the

requirements for storage areas

that have similar fire loading. If

the potential exists to use the

ordinary or light hazard areas for

storage in the future, use of the

lower system area of 40,000ft2

(3720 m2) as the allowable

system protection area would be

appropriate.

FAQ [4.5.3]

BK-NFPA-13HB19-180218-Chp04.indd 101 24/10/18 8:25 PM

➤

Detailed exhibits help users

to better visualize equipment,

systems, and concepts.

➤

Shading indicates where text

has changed from the previous

edition of the standard.

➤

Commentary text is colored blue

to distinguish it from the text of

the standard.

FAQs provide detailed answers

to questions commonly asked

of the NFPA 13 staff.

Features of the Automatic Sprinkler

Systems Handbook, 2019 Edition

➤

Nonmandatory Annex C material

follows its corresponding manda-

tory text in the standard.

➤

“N” icons indicate a section,

figure, or table that is new for

this edition of the standard.

➤

Ask the AHJ features provide

insight into questions that

authorities having jurisdiction

often have to answer.

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摘要：

The NFPA 13-2019 Handbook is the essential companion guide to the Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, offering the complete text of the 2019 edition along with expert commentary, illustrations, and real-world examples. This handbook h

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