ASTM D3014-25 硬质热固性泡沫塑料垂直放置时火焰高度、燃烧时间和质量损失的标准试验方法

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Designation: D3014 −25
Standard Test Method for
Flame Height, Time of Burning, and Loss of Mass of Rigid
Thermoset Cellular Plastics in a Vertical Position
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation D3014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This is a ﬁre-test-response standard. This test method
covers a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for com-
paring relative extent and time of burning and loss of mass of
rigid thermoset cellular plastics. This test method is to be used
solely to establish relative burning characteristics.
1.1.1 This test method shall not be used for materials that
drip or melt under the test conditions.
1.2 During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or
both, are evolved which are potentially hazardous to personnel.
Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the operator.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A
speciﬁc precautionary statement is given in 1.2.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
ﬂame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
incorporate all factors required for ﬁre hazard or ﬁre risk
assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual
ﬁre conditions.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
Plastics
D5025 Speciﬁcation for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-
Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2935 Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing
Processes
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms relating to plastics,
the deﬁnitions in this test method are in accordance with
Terminology D883. For terms relating to ﬁre, the deﬁnitions in
this test method are in accordance with Terminology E176 and
ISO 13943. In case of conﬂict, the deﬁnitions given in Termi-
nology E176 shall prevail. For terms relating to precision and
bias and associated issues, the terms used in this test method
are in accordance with the deﬁnitions in Terminology E456.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The specimen is mounted by positioning the specimen
in a vertical chimney with a glass front and ignited with a
bunsen burner for 10 s. The height and duration of ﬂame and
the mass percent retained by the specimen are recorded.
5. Signiﬁcance and Use
5.1 Tests made on rigid cellular materials in accordance
with the conditions described by this test method can be of
considerable value in comparing their burning characteristics.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2025. Published February 2025. Originally
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D3014 - 19a. DOI:
10.1520/D3014-25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

5.2 This test method has been applied to ﬂexible cellular

materials and other plastics, but no detailed studies have been

conducted to determine its general applicability to these

materials.

5.3 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or

more speciﬁc sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test

conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are

changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict

changes in the ﬁre-test-response characteristics measured. The

results are therefore valid only for the ﬁre-test-exposure

conditions described in this procedure.

6. Apparatus

6.1 Test Chimney, conforming to the dimensions in Fig. 1.

The body of the chimney shall be made of non-corroding

metal. Fastened into the chimney is an insert made of

0.025-mm thick aluminum foil. The insert shall be held in

place by a stainless steel channel that carries three pins to

support the specimen. A heat-resistant glass panel forms the

front wall of the chimney (see Figs. 2 and 3). A scale, in

millimeters, graduated at 10-mm intervals shall be provided at

one side of the glass panel for determining ﬂame height (see

Fig. 1 and Fig. 4). The scale shall begin from a height of 51 mm

above the bottom of the chimney.

6.2 Timer, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 s for

determining the duration of burning.

6.3 Burner—A standard gas burner with a 9.5-mm inside

diameter barrel capable of producing a ﬂame with an inner

cone temperature of 960 65°C is required to ignite the

specimens. See Speciﬁcation D5025 for burner construction.

FIG. 1 Critical Dimensions of Chimney

FIG. 2 Critical Dimensions of Specimen Support

D3014 − 25

6.4 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.01 g for

weighing the specimen.

6.5 Test Chamber—A relatively draft-free laboratory hood.

The fan shall be in the off position during the test, but turned

on immediately following the test to remove products of

combustion.

7. Test Specimens

7.1 Six specimens shall be cut from a material of uniform

density. The specimens shall be 254 61 mm by 19 60.5 mm

by 19 60.5 mm and shall be free of dust, and the cut edges

shall be smooth.

7.2 If any single specimen varies by more than 20 % from

the average density of the six specimens (see 9.1), the sample

shall be considered unacceptable for testing by this test

method.

8. Conditioning

8.1 Condition the specimens for a minimum of 24 h at a

temperature of 23 62°C and a relative humidity of 50 610 %.

8.2 The specimens shall remain in the temperature- and

humidity-controlled atmosphere until immediately prior to

testing. For convenience, the specimens can be stored up to 1

h in closed polyethylene bags after conditioning and prior to

testing.

9. Procedure

9.1 Determine the density of each specimen in accordance

with Test Method D1622.

9.2 Weigh and record the mass (M) of each specimen to the

nearest 0.01 g.

9.3 Weigh and record the mass (S

) of the specimen support

to the nearest 0.01 g.

9.4 Ignite and adjust the burner so that the inner blue cone

is 25 to 35 mm high. Further adjust the burner until the

temperature at the top of the inner cone is 960 65°C.

NOTE 2—To obtain 960°C, it will be necessary to use a burner with

propane gas, or natural gas. In order to minimize the time and frequency

required for temperature calibration, it is necessary to maintain a steady

supply of gas. Thermocouples have been found useful to make this

temperature measurement.

9.5 Impale the specimen on the three pins of the specimen

support, with the top of the specimen even with the top of the

specimen support as shown in Fig. 3. It is possible that

high-density cellular plastics will require holes to be drilled in

the specimen to allow insertion of the pins. When required, the

holes must be drilled at the time of specimen preparation. (If

holes are drilled, the specimen shall be weighed after drilling,

see 9.2.)

9.6 Line the chimney with aluminum foil so that it is against

the sides and back of the chimney and ﬂush with the bottom.

Place the shiny side of the aluminum foil towards the test

specimen. A new liner shall be installed for each specimen.

9.7 Place the specimen support in the chimney so that the

top of the specimen is even with the top of the chimney, as

shown in Fig. 4.

9.8 Put the glass front in place and ignite the specimen by

placing the inner cone of the burner ﬂame under the center of

the specimen for 10 s. Simultaneous with placing the ﬂame

under the specimen, start the timer to determine the time to

extinguishment (T

). Keep the burner at an angle of about 15°

from the vertical as shown in Fig. 4.

NOTE 3—Accurate positioning of the burner is facilitated by use of a

cradle to hold the burner at the proper angle and distance from the

specimen.

9.9 Measure the maximum ﬂame height (H), during com-

bustion of the specimen, to the nearest 10 mm with the

FIG. 3 Test Specimen Impaled on Specimen Support (Side View)

FIG. 4 Burner Position Under Specimen in Chimney (Front View)

D3014 − 25

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标签： #标准试验 #塑料 #试验方法

摘要：

本文详细介绍了ASTM D3014-25标准，即硬质热固性泡沫塑料在垂直放置条件下测定火焰高度、燃烧时间及质量损失的标准化试验方法。该标准适用于评估聚氨酯、酚醛等硬质泡沫材料在小火焰条件下的可燃性能与热释放特性，通过记录火焰传播高度、持续燃烧时间以及样品前后的质量差值来量化材料的阻燃等级。对于建筑材料、保温隔热板及航空航天用泡沫材料的研发与质检人员而言，掌握ASTM D3014的测试流程有助于确保产品满足UL 94、IEC 60695等国际安全规范，同时为材料配方优化、阻燃剂筛选及型式检验报告提

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ASTM D3014-25 硬质热固性泡沫塑料垂直放置时火焰高度、燃烧时间和质量损失的标准试验方法

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