ASTM D3675-25 用辐射热源测定软质多孔材料表面可燃性的标准试验方法

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Designation: D3675 −25
Standard Test Method for
Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a
Radiant Heat Energy Source
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation D3675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This is a ﬁre test response standard.
1.2 This test method describes the measurement of surface
ﬂammability of ﬂexible cellular materials.
1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and ﬂame under
controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all
factors required for ﬁre hazard or ﬁre risk assessment of the
materials, products, or assemblies under actual ﬁre conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests.
1.6 Speciﬁc information about hazards is given in Section 7.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses,
are for information only and are approximations (see also
IEEE/ASTM SI-10).
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E1317 Test Method for Flammability of Surface Finishes
E1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and
Flame Spread Properties
E1546 Guide for Development of Fire-Hazard-Assessment
Standards
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
2.2 ISO Standards:
3
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 For deﬁnitions of terms relating to plastics, the deﬁ-
nitions in this test method are in accordance with Terminology
D883. For terms relating to ﬁre, the deﬁnitions in this test
method are in accordance with Terminology E176 and
ISO 13943. In case of conﬂict, the deﬁnitions given in Termi-
nology E176 shall prevail. For terms relating to precision and
bias and associated issues, the terms used in this test method
are in accordance with the deﬁnitions in Terminology E456.
3.1.2 ﬂame front, n—the leading edge of a ﬂame propagat-
ing through a gaseous mixture or across the surface of a liquid
or solid.
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 ﬂashing, n—ﬂame fronts of three seconds or less in
duration.
3.2.2 radiant panel index, I
s
, n—the product of the ﬂame
spread factor, F
s
and the heat evolution factor, Q.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method of measuring surface ﬂammability of
ﬂexible cellular materials employs a radiant panel heat source
consisting of a 300 by 460-mm (12 by 18-in.) panel in front of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2025. Published February 2025. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D3675 – 22. DOI:
10.1520/D3675-25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Standardization Organization, P.O. Box 56,
CH-1211; Geneva 20, Switzerland.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

which an inclined 150 by 460-mm (6 by 18-in.) specimen of
the material is placed. The orientation of the specimen is such
that ignition is forced near its upper edge and the ﬂame front
progresses downward.
4.2 Factors derived from the rate of progress of the ﬂame
front and the rate of heat liberated by the material under test are
combined to provide a radiant panel index.
5. Signiﬁcance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for use when measuring
surface ﬂammability of ﬂexible cellular materials exposed to
ﬁre. The test method provides a laboratory test procedure for
measuring and comparing the surface ﬂammability of materials
when exposed to a prescribed level of radiant heat energy. The
test is conducted using specimens that are representative, to the
extent possible, of the material or assembly being evaluated.
For example, if an assembly is required to be tested, such
specimens shall replicate the type and thickness of all the
layers present in the assembly being evaluated.
5.2 The rate at which ﬂames will travel along surfaces
depends upon the physical and thermal properties of the
material, product, or assembly under test, the specimen mount-
ing method and orientation, the type and level of ﬁre or heat
exposure, the availability of air, and properties of the surround-
ing enclosure. (1-6)
4, 5
5.3 Test Method E162 is a generic version of this test
method, using an apparatus that is substantially the same as the
one used in this test method. However, Test Method E162 is
normally intended for application to specimens other than
ﬂexible cellular materials.
5.3.1 The pilot burner in this test method is different from
the pilot burner in Test Method E162.
5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or
more speciﬁc sets of laboratory ﬁre test conditions. If different
test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are
changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict
changes in the ﬁre-test-response characteristics measured.
Therefore, the results are valid only for the ﬁre test exposure
conditions described in this procedure.
5.5 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be
considered as part of an overall assessment of ﬁre hazard in a
building or structure, then the criteria, concepts and procedures
incorporated into Guide E1546 shall be taken into consider-
ation.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The apparatus shall be essentially as shown in Fig. 1 and
shall include the following:
6.1.1 Radiant Panel with Air and Gas Supply—The radiant
heat energy source shall be a panel that consists of a porous
material mounted in a suitable frame, exposing a radiating
surface of 300 by 460 mm (12 by 18 in.). The radiant heat
energy source shall be capable of operating at temperatures up
to 820°C (1500°F). The panel shall be equipped (see Fig. 1)
with a venturi-type aspirator for mixing gas and air at approxi-
mately atmospheric pressure; a centrifugal blower, or
equivalent, capable of providing 9.4 dm
3
/s (1200 ft
3
/hour) air
at a pressure of 0.7 kPa (2.8 in. water); an air ﬁlter to prevent
dust from obstructing the panel pores; a pressure regulator and
a control and shut-off valve for the gas supply.
6.1.2 Specimen Holder—The specimen holder shall con-
form in shape and dimension to Fig. 2 and be constructed from
heat-resistant chromium steel, or other suitable non-
combustible material which will not be affected by the heat
input during the test. Observation marks shall be ﬁled on the
surface of the specimen holder to correspond with 75-mm
(3-in.) interval lines on the specimen.
6.1.2.1 The calibration process (see A1.2) shall be con-
ducted with the specimen holder to be used in the tests to
ensure that the physical characteristics of the construction
material do not affect the test results.
6.1.3 Framework for Support of the Specimen Holder—The
framework shall have two transverse rods of stainless steel,
each 12.5 mm 63.0 mm (0.5 60.13 in.) in diameter, with a
stop to center the specimen holder directly in front of the
radiant panel. The support and bracing members shall be
constructed from metal stock. Since the angle of the specimen
and its position with respect to the panel are critical, the
framework dimensions specifying these conditions shall be
within 3.0 mm (0.13 in.) of the values given in Fig. 1.
6.1.4 Pilot Burner—The pilot burner shall be a porcelain
tube 203-230 mm (8-9 in.) in length, nominally 6.3 mm (0.25
in.) in diameter, with two holes 1.5 60.1 mm (0.059 60.004
in.) in diameter equally spaced in the tube (see Fig. 3). The
burner shall be mounted horizontally and at an angle of 15 to
20° to the intersection of the horizontal plane of the burner with
the plane of the specimen with the outlet end of the burner
spaced 32 62 mm (1.25 60.1 in.) from the specimen (see Fig.
3). The pilot shall provide a 150 to 180-mm (6 to 7-in.) ﬂame
of acetylene gas premixed with air in an aspirating type ﬁtting.
Properly adjusted, the pilot ﬂame shall have 25-mm (1-in.)
inner blue cones and needs to impinge on the upper central
surface of the specimen within 13 mm (0.5 in.) of the edge of
the specimen support frame. Flow rates of 0.015 dm
3
/s (0.032
ft
3
/min) of acetylene and 0.075 dm
3
/s (0.16 ft
3
/min) of air have
been found to provide the desired ﬂame.
6.1.5 Stack—The stack shall be made from nominally
1.0-mm (0.040-in.) sheet steel with shape and dimensions as
shown in Fig. 1. The position of the stack with respect to the
specimen and radiant heat panel shall also comply with the
requirements of Fig. 1.
6.1.6 Thermocouples—Eight thermocouples of equal resis-
tance shall be mounted in the stack and supported with
porcelain insulators as indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4. The
thermocouples shall be Chromel-Alumel Type K, shielded
against high heat with insulation resisting up to 1200°C
(2190°F), and with wire gages in the range of 0.36-0.51 mm
(0.14-0.20 in.) (30 AWG-24 AWG) diameter and shall be
connected in parallel, or recorded individually and then
averaged, such that a mean temperature proﬁle of the stack is
achieved. The mean stack thermocouple temperature rise for
4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard.
5
Also see Test Method E162.
D3675 − 25
2

unit heat input rate of the calibration burner, β, shall be

determined periodically for the speciﬁc test apparatus, using

the procedure in Annex A1.

6.1.7 Data Acquisition—A data acquisition system shall be

used to record the temperature variation of the stack thermo-

couples in the range from 38 to 538°C (100 to 1000°F) as

described in 6.1.6. The data acquisition system shall have

facilities to record the temperature output from the thermopile.

The data acquisition system shall have an accuracy of 0.01 %

of the maximum temperature to be measured. The system used

shall be capable of recording data at least every 5 s for a

minimum of 1 h. For cases where preliminary tests indicate

rapid ﬂame spread, a system shall be used capable of acquiring

data fast enough to ensure adequate results (see 11.6).

Metric Equivalents

mm in. mm in.

1.0 0.040 152 6

12.7

⁄

241 9

⁄

16.0

⁄

457 18

22.2

⁄

492 19

⁄

44 1

⁄

19.1 by 19.

⁄

51 2 38 by 32 1

⁄

by 1

⁄

64 2

⁄

305 by 457 12 by 18

71 2.8 330 by 483 13 by 19

102 4 51 by 51 by 3.2 2 by 2 by

⁄

111 4

⁄

1.3 by 514 by 914 0.050 by 20

⁄

by 36

121 4

⁄

100 cfm 47.21 litres/s

FIG. 1 Details of Construction of Test Equipment

D3675 − 25

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标签： #标准试验 #试验方法 #标准试验方法

摘要：

ASTM D3675-25是一项由美国材料与试验协会发布的最新标准试验方法，专门用于通过辐射热源测定软质多孔材料的表面可燃性。该标准适用于泡沫塑料、海绵、软质聚氨酯等软质多孔材料，在模拟辐射热源暴露条件下评估其火焰蔓延速率、燃烧时间及表面燃烧特性。通过该测试，可有效量化材料在火灾初期的点火风险与火焰传播倾向，为建筑内饰、家具、交通工具座椅及隔热材料等领域提供关键的安全性能数据。标准采用辐射热源作为点火激励，能够更真实地模拟实际火灾中热辐射对材料表面的作用过程，从而提升评估的准确性与工程实践相关性

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ASTM D3675-25 用辐射热源测定软质多孔材料表面可燃性的标准试验方法

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