AATCC TM82-2022 Test Method for Fluidity of Dispersions of Cellulose from Bleached Cotton Cloth 漂白棉布纤维素分散液流动性的试验方法

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AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2023 AATCC TM82-2022 133

1. Purpose and Scope

1.1 The test procedures in this test

method are applicable to bleached, unfin-

ished cotton cloth. The fluidity of a dis-

persion of bleached cellulose fibers in cu-

priethylene diamine solvent is a sensitive

measure of the degradation of the cellu-

lose resulting from the action of acids, al-

kalis, oxidizing or reducing agents. It is

therefore useful in determining the com-

pleteness of the bleaching treatment to

which the cloth has been subjected, as

well as the effect of chemical treatments

on the tensile strength of the cloth. (Flu-

idity of dispersions in cuprammonium

hydroxide has been dropped from this

test method; see 11.1 for details.)

2. Principle

2.1 The length of chain of cellulose

molecules is decreased when treated with

acid, alkali, oxidizing or reducing agents,

etc. The severity of the treatment deter-

mines the extent of the shortening of the

cellulose chain and the fluidity, or ease of

flow, of a dispersion of the cellulose in

the solvents.

3. Terminology

3.1 fluidity, n.—of a cellulose solu-

tion, a measure of the ease of flow or mo-

tion of a solution, and therefore, an indi-

cator of the molecular weight of the

cellulose.

3.2 rhe, n.—the unit of fluidity; the re-

ciprocal of the unit of viscosity (the

poise).

4. Safety Precautions

NOTE: These safety precautions are

for information purposes only. The pre-

cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-

dures and are not intended to be all inclu-

sive. It is the user’s responsibility to use

safe and proper techniques in handling

materials in this test method. Manufac-

turers MUST be consulted for specific

details such as material safety data sheets

and other manufacturers recommenda-

tions. All OSHA standards and rules

must also be consulted and followed.

4.1 Good laboratory practices should

be followed, Wear safety glasses in all

laboratory areas.

4.2 All chemicals should be handled

with care. Use chemical goggles or face

shield, impervious gloves and an imper-

vious apron during dispensing and mix-

ing. CAUTION: Always add acid to

water.

4.3 An eyewash/safety shower should

be located nearby and a self-contained

breathing apparatus should be readily

available for emergency use.

4.4 Exposure to chemicals used in this

procedure must be controlled at or below

levels set by governmental authorities

(e.g., Occupational Safety and Health

Administration’s [OSHA] permissible ex-

posure limits [PEL] as found in 29 CFR

1910.1000; see web site: www.osha.gov

for latest version). In addition, the Ameri-

can Conference of Governmental Indus-

trial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold

Limit Values (TLVs) comprised of time

weighted averages (TLV-TWA), short

term exposure limits (TLV-STEL) and

ceiling limits (TLV-C) are recommended

as a general guide for air contaminant ex-

posure which should be met (see 11.2).

5. Materials and Reagents

5.1 Cupriethylene diamine, 1.0 M solu-

tion.

5.2 Nitrogen (N2)

5.3 Ostwald Cannon-Fiske viscometers

(see Fig. 1 and 11.3).

6. Preparation of Sample

6.1 Use a representative sample of

bleached and unfinished cloth weighing

not less than 5g.

6.2 Cut the sample by use of a cutting

mill with a 20-mesh sieve and top deliv-

ery tube, so that short individual fibers

about 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) long are obtained.

6.3 Run duplicate tests, using fibers

from the one sample. Divide the cut sam-

ple into two portions of approximately

equal weight and store in separate con-

tainers overnight in a desiccator contain-

ing conc. sulfuric acid. Samples condi-

tioned in this manner will have a

moisture content of 2%.

6.4 The purpose of dividing the sample

into two portions is to reduce the time of

exposure to the atmosphere during

weighing. The weight of the specimen for

the fluidity determination should be suffi-

cient to give a 0.5% solution of the cotton.

7. Preparation of Solutions

7.1 Prepare 0.167 M cupriethylene di-

amine solution by diluting 161 mL of the

1.0 M solution with freshly boiled and

cooled water to 1.0 L in a volumetric

flask, observing all precautions to ex-

clude air.

7.2 Store the reagents at all times under

oxygen-free nitrogen to minimize decom-

position.

7.3 Measure the 1.0 M and 0.161 M so-

lutions from burettes of known accuracy.

The burettes may be attached to the re-

agent storage bottles by means of a side

arm sealed into the lower part of the bu-

rette and filled by application of nitrogen

pressure on the storage bottle,

8. Procedure

8.1 Ostwald Cannon-Fenske-type vis-

cometers (see Fig. 1) having the charac-

teristics shown in Table I are suitable for

determining fluidities in the range nor-

mally found for bleached cotton. It is rec-

ommended that the efflux time (see 8.9)

exceed 100 s in order to ensure accuracy.

8.2 Weigh 0.4-0.45 g of the sample,

prepared as previously described to the

nearest 0.1 mg. Remove the samples

from the desiccator one at a time, and

make the weighings as quickly as possi-

ble to prevent additional moisture pickup

from the air.

8.3 Transfer the fibers carefully from

the weighing dish or watch glass to an ap-

proximately 120 mL (4 oz.) widemouth

amber glass bottle.

8.3.1 To the specimen in the solution

bottle, add X mL of 0.167 M cupriethyl-

ene diamine solution, where X is calcu-

lated as follows:

X = 120 × weight of specimen × 0.98

8.4 Sweep out the air in the bottle

above the solution by applying a brisk

stream of purified nitrogen over the sur-

AATCC TM82-2022

Test Method for Fluidity of Dispersions

of Cellulose from Bleached Cotton Cloth

Fig. 1—Ostwald Cannon-Fenske

cuen viscosimeter.

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

Licensee=Underwriters Laboratories - Ho Chi Ming City, Vie/5909636157, User=Le,

Not for Resale, 11/23/2023 20:10:19 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris

--``,`,,,``,,```,`,,,,,,`````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

134 AATCC TM82-2022 AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2023

face of the solution for 20 s, and quickly

screw the cap of the bottle in place.

8.5 Shake the bottle by means of an

automatic shaker at intermediate speed

for 2 h.

8.6 Remove the bottle from the shaker

and add to the solution Y mL of 1.0 M

cuen, where Y is calculated as follows:

Y = 80 × weight of specimen × 0.98

8.7 Repeat the nitrogen treatment and

bottle-shaking as described, with the ex-

ception that the shaking time should be 3 h.

8.8 Permit the bottle to stand for 30

min after removing from the shaker and

before loading the viscometer. The vis-

cometer should be flushed with nitrogen

gas prior to being loaded with the disper-

sion. The viscometer is loaded by invert-

ing it with the capillary side arm sub-

merged in the cellulose dispersion and

applying suction to the other arm of the

instrument. Draw the dispersion into both

the bulbs on the capillary arm to the

etched mark. Rotate the pipette to its nor-

mal vertical position, and place the vis-

cometer in a constant-temperature water

bath at 25 ± 1°C (77 ± 2°F). The liquid

will drain into the lower reservoir and

will reach temperature equilibrium with

the bath (approx. 5 min).

8.9 Determine the efflux time by draw-

ing the liquid above the mark between the

two bulbs and measuring the time for the

meniscus to pass from the mark between

the two bulbs to the mark below the

lower bulb. Take the average of two or

more observations.

9. Calculations

9.1 The fluidity in rhes, F, is calculated

as follows:

F = 100/ctd

where:

c= instrument constant determined

from a liquid of known viscosity.

t= time of discharge of the liquid

within the ring interval in seconds.

d= density of cuen solution, 1.052.

10. Report

10.1 Describe or identify the bleached

and unfinished cloth sample.

10.2 Report that sample was tested us-

ing AATCC TM 82 - 2022

10.3 Report the average efflux time.

11. Precision and Bias

11.1 Precision Estimate.

11.1.1 Single Laboratory Study. Esti-

mates of Components of Variance for

technicians (VO) and residual error (V),

and their associated Critical Differences,

CDm (multiple technicians in lab) and

CDo (single technician in lab) were de-

termined in a single laboratory in 2005.

Three technicians performed duplicate

tests on materials, according to 6.3 at

three treatment levels of no bleach (NB),

standard bleach (SB), and over bleached

(OB), using the Cuen Method.

11.1.2 95% Precision Estimates from

Individual Technician and Treatment Val-

ues. The results shown in Table II are the

average of two determinations by a single

technician. Based on these averages, the

components of variance (Vo) and residual

error (V) for each technician were com-

puted. As can be seen even in this limited

study, there was an apparent difference in

the results reported by Technician 3, for

each of the treatments. This is a very lim-

ited study, and caution is advised in the

application of these estimates to specific

testing scenarios (see Table II).

With three technicians involved in this

limited study, it was possible to assess the

effect of multiple technicians in test re-

sult comparisons by looking across tech-

nicians in treatments and calculating VO

(technician) and V (residual) components

of variance for each treatment. The above

summary shows rather large values for

CDm (multiple O in lab), due to the level

differences among technicians. This is a

very limited study, and caution is advised

in application of these estimates to spe-

cific testing scenarios. All of the above

considerations were based on a 95% con-

fidence level.

11.1.3 95% Precision Estimates from

Analysis of the Whole Data Set. Using

Analysis of Variance, Components of

Variance for technicians and residual

were computed and are shown in Table

III. As a result of the difference in results

reported by Technician 3, the values gen-

erated for CDm (multiple operators in a

single lab) were also high. These esti-

mates pertain only to within laboratory

precision. A much broader study, with

multiple laboratory participation, must be

made to yield reliable between laboratory

Table I—Viscosimeter Characteristics

Size No.

Approx. Range of

Efflux Time, s Capillary Diameter, cm Fluidity Range Rhes

200 100 to 700 0.097 to 0.103 1.43 to 10.0

300 100 to 700 0.120 to 0.130 0.80 to 04.0

400 100 to 700 0.180 to 0.190 0.1175 to 0.8300

Table II—Data Summary for Technicians and Treatments

TMT NB TMT SB TMT OB

Technician

Summaries

Te c h 0 1 Av (2 )

CDso

0.564

0.0013

0.070

0.811

0.0004

0.040

4.0330

0.0002

0.0300

V 0.0006

CDo 0.05

Te c h 0 2 Av (2 )

CDso

0.609

0.0003

0.030

0.885

0.0001

0.020

4.1720

0.00004

0.0100

V 0.00014

CDo 0.02

Te c h 0 3 Av (2 )

CDso

0.397

0.0022

0.090

0.745

0.0238

0.310

3.6250

0.0060

0.1500

V 0.0107

CDo 0.20

Treatment Summaries AV-Rhes Units

DC-Rhes Units

V-Rhes squaredTMT1 TMT2 TMT3

3 Tech (O=3) VO

0.0118

0.0012

0.0088

0.0795

0.0021

Single O

Multiple O

CDo

CDm

0.07

0.31

0.19

0.09

0.79

CD Equations: CDo=2.8 (V/2)^0.5 CDm=2.8 (V/2 + VO)^0.5

Table III—Components of Variance and 95% Precision Estimates

Components of Variance

Source COV Unit Var

O.L VO 0.0307

Res V 0.0038

95% Precision Estimates

Single O in Lab CDo 0.1200 CDso=2.8 (V/2)^0.5

Multiple O in Lab CDm 0.5100 CDw=2.8 (V/2) + VO)^0.5

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

Licensee=Underwriters Laboratories - Ho Chi Ming City, Vie/5909636157, User=Le,

Not for Resale, 11/23/2023 20:10:19 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris

--``,`,,,``,,```,`,,,,,,`````,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2023 AATCC TM82-2022 135

estimates (see Table III).

11.2 Bias. The true value of fluidity of

dispersions of cellulose from bleached

cotton cloth can be defined only in terms

of a test method. There is no independent

method for determining the true value. In

estimating this property, the test method

has no known bias.

12. Notes

12.1 The cupriethylene diamine cuen

method is predominant in the United States as

well as some other parts of the world. The cu-

prammonium hydroxide cuam method has

been predominantly used in Great Britain.

AATCC Committee RA34 voted to drop the

cuam method in 2005 and to refer to British

Standard 2610:1978 “Method of test for the

determination of the cuprammonium fluidity

of cotton and certain ce11uosic man-made

fibres.” The Bleachers Handbook is also a

good reference for a discussion of the cuam

method (see 11.4).

12.2 Available from Publications Office,

ACGIH, Kemper Woods Center, 1330 Kemper

Meadow Dr., Cincinnati OH 45240; tel: +1.

513.742.2020; web site: www.acgih.org.

12.3 Uncalibrated viscometers can be cali-

brated by means of standard oils or other

reference liquids according to ASTM D445,

Method 6B.

12.4 The examples of fluidities shown in

the table in Fig. 2 are to be used as a guideline,

Other tests for damage may be necessary.

Consult “Analytical Methods for a Textile

Laboratory,” third edition, 1984, edited by J.

William Weaver, published by AATCC, for

further tests for damage. Although the source

of the data and the graph in Fig. 2 are not

known, it was maintained as a convenient ref-

erence for comparison of cuen to cuam data.

13.1 History

13.1 Revised in 2022 to align with the

AATCC Style Guide.

13.2 Editorially revised 2019; reaffirmed

2016, 2012; editorially revised, 2010, 2008,

revised 2007; editorially revised 2004; editori-

ally revised and reaffirmed 2001;revised

1996; editorially revised, 1990; editorially re-

vised and reaffirmed 1989; editorially revised

1988, 1985; reaffirmed 1984; editorially re-

vised 1983; reaffirmed, 1979, 1975; editori-

ally revised 1975, 1974; reaffirmed, 1972,

1968, 1961.

13.3 Developed in 1954 by AATCC RA34.

Fig. 2—Evaluation Cuam

and Cuen fluidities

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

Licensee=Underwriters Laboratories - Ho Chi Ming City, Vie/5909636157, User=Le,

Not for Resale, 11/23/2023 20:10:19 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris

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本页面详细解读标准规范文档《AATCC TM82-2022 Test Method for Fluidity of Dispersions of Cellulose from Bleached Cotton Cloth 漂白棉布纤维素分散液流动性的试验方法》。该标准由美国纺织化学师与印染师协会（AATCC）发布，旨在规范通过测定漂白棉布纤维素分散液的流动性能来评估纤维素的降解程度或聚合度变化。内容涵盖测试原理、试剂配制、样品制备、铜氨溶液分散液的操作步骤、流动时间测量及结果计算等关键环节。适用于

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AATCC TM82-2022 Test Method for Fluidity of Dispersions of Cellulose from Bleached Cotton Cloth 漂白棉布纤维素分散液流动性的试验方法

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