ASTM F3562 - 24 液化天然气（LNG）C型储罐隔热系统的选择和应用标准规范

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Designation: F3562 −24 An American National Standard
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation Systems on
Liqueﬁed Natural Gas (LNG) Type C Tanks
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation F3562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers selection and application re-
quirements for the design of a thermal insulation system used
on cryogenic liqueﬁed natural gas (LNG) Type C tanks that can
store LNG at a higher pressure than Type A or Type B tanks.
1.2 Methods and materials for installation, including jack-
eting and vapor retarders, are also detailed.
1.3 This speciﬁcation shall be applied to LNG fueled and
cargo vessel applications as regulated by either the Interna-
tional Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low
Flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code) or International Code for the
Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liqueﬁed
Gases in Bulk (IGC Code).
1.4 This speciﬁcation provides requirements for the proper-
ties of thermal insulation and other materials used in LNG
Type C tanks as described in IGC Code Chapter 4.19.3 and IGF
Code Section 6.4.13.3.
1.5 LNG Type C tanks are described in IGC Code and IGF
Code.
1.6 This speciﬁcation addresses suitable properties of resis-
tance to ﬁre and ﬂame spread for LNG Type C tanks or
portions of the tank are located on or above the exposed deck
as well in hold spaces that are not maintained permanently
inerted (that is, an atmosphere with less than 5 % oxygen).
1.7 The LNG tank operating temperature range addressed
by this speciﬁcation is from a temperature of –259 °F
(–162 °C) +0/–9 °F (+0/–5 °C) to ambient temperatures no
greater than 113 °F (45 °C).
1.8 This speciﬁcation does not address the thermal insula-
tion on vacuum jacketed (that is, insulation systems that
operate at below ambient pressure) insulated LNG Type C
tanks.
1.9 The design of removable/reusable insulation systems is
not addressed in this speciﬁcation.
1.10 Structural design and physical strength of insulation
systems are not addressed in this speciﬁcation. However, the
securement of jacketing systems is addressed.
1.11 Insulation system density is not a design criterion
considered in this speciﬁcation.
1.12 Tank-mounted insulated pipe is outside the scope of
this speciﬁcation.
1.13 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.15 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of
Thermal Insulations
C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or
Batt Thermal Insulations
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 on
Insulation/Processes.
Current edition approved May 1, 2024. Published July 2024. DOI: 10.1520/
F3562-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

for Sandwich Constructions
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
C591 Speciﬁcation for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular
Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
C680 Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the
Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and
Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
C835 Test Method for Total Hemispherical Emittance of
Surfaces up to 1400°C
C1136 Speciﬁcation for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor
Retarders for Thermal Insulation
C1729 Speciﬁcation for Aluminum Jacketing for Insulation
C1767 Speciﬁcation for Stainless Steel Jacketing for Insula-
tion
C1809 Practice for Preparation of Specimens and Reporting
of Results for Permeance Testing of Pressure Sensitive
Adhesive Sealed Joints in Insulation Vapor Retarders
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expan-
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and +30°C with a
Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
D1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
Cellular Plastics
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
Plastics
D2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics
to Thermal and Humid Aging
D6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular
Plastics
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
E96 Test Methods for Gravimetric Determination of Water
Vapor Transmission Rate of Materials
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials
Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
E831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
F3319 Speciﬁcation for Selection and Application of Field-
Installed Cryogenic Pipe and Equipment Insulation Sys-
tems on Liqueﬁed Natural Gas (LNG)-Fueled Ships
2.2 Other Standards:
46 CFR Part 38 Subpart 38.05-2 Design and Construction of
Cargo Tanks
3
46 CFR Part 164 Subpart 164.109 Non-Combustible Mate-
rials (SOLAS)
3
IMO FTP Code Fire Test Procedures Code IMO Resolution
MSC 307 (88), Annex 1 Part 1 and Part 5 and Annex 2
4
IMO SOLAS 1974 International Convention for the Safety
of Life at Sea, as amended through 2014, Chapter II-2
Regulations 5 and 6
4
IGC Code International Code for the Construction and
Equipment of Ships Carrying Liqueﬁed Gases in Bulk
4
IGF Code International Code of Safety for Ships using
Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels
4
ISO 8497 Determination of Steady-State Thermal Transmis-
sion Properties of Thermal Insulation for Circular Pipe
5
MSC 1-Circ 1558 Uniﬁed Interpretations of The IGF Code
6
DIN 4102-1 Fire Behavior of Building Materials and Ele-
ments for Classiﬁcation of Building Materials Require-
ments and Testing
7
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms relating to insulat-
ing materials used in this speciﬁcation, refer to Terminology
C168.
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 rubber membrane vapor retarder, n—relatively thick,
ﬂexible material acting as a vapor retarder, the primary
component of which is a rubber or rubberized material such as
rubberized asphalt, nitrile rubber, or butyl rubber, combined
with one or more secondary components such as aluminum
foil, plastic ﬁlm, and mesh or nonwoven reinforcement.
4. Insulation and Jacket Materials
4.1 Insulation and jacket/lagging manufacturers shall
publish/describe material speciﬁcations that are intended for
use on LNG Type C tanks at the temperature range require-
ments.
4.2 All materials and material properties shall be veriﬁed for
applicability for use at cryogenic temperatures.
NOTE 1—The heat transmission studies for these tanks and issues
related to stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel includes a
maximum ambient still air temperature of 113 °F (45 °C) and this design
condition is adopted in this speciﬁcation for these tanks.
5. General Requirements
5.1 All safety requirements as applicable to ships such as
those from the relevant ﬂag administration, the IMO SOLAS
1974, the IGC Code, and the IGF Code are applicable to the
insulation materials and systems described in this speciﬁcation.
5.2 Insulation systems will comply with one of the follow-
ing ﬂammability requirements:
5.2.1 Be noncombustible by virtue of complying with the
criteria of one of the following three: (1) Test Method E136, (2)
Part 1 of the IMO FTP Code, or (3) 46 CFR 164.109 (see Table
1I A).
NOTE 2—Thermal insulation that does not meet recognized standards
for ﬁre resistance may be used in hold spaces that are not kept
permanently inerted provided its surfaces are covered with material with
low-ﬂame-spread characteristics and that forms an efficient approved
vapor seal.
3
Available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Documents, 732 N. Capital St NW, Washington, DC 20402-0001, www.ac-
cess.gpo.gov.
4
Available from the International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,
London, United Kingdom, SE1 7SR, http://www.imo.org.
5
Available from the American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
6
Available from the Iranian Classiﬁcation Society, NO.5, Shabnam. Alley, Qaem
Maqam-e-Farahani St., Haft-e-Tir. Sqr,, Tehran, IR, ics.org.ir.
7
Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,
Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.din.de.
F3562 − 24
2

5.2.2 Have a low-ﬂame spread characteristic as determined
by IMO FTP Code Annex 1, Part 5 by exhibiting a critical ﬂux
at extinguishment (CFE) not less than 6340 Btu/hr/ft
2
(20 kW ⁄m
2
), a heat of sustained burning (Q
sb
) not less than
132 Btu ⁄ft
2
(1.5 MJ/m
2
), a total heat released (Q
t
) not exceed-
ing 663 Btu (0.7 MJ), a peak heat release rate (Q
p
) not
exceeding 13 648 Btu/hr (4.0 kW), and not generating burning
droplets. (See Table 1 I B).
5.2.3 Exhibit a ﬂame spread index not exceeding 25 as
determined by Test Method E84. (See Table 1 I C). The
insulation system on tank mounted insulated pipe shall comply
with Speciﬁcation F3319. All insulation systems shall be
sealed against water vapor intrusion resulting from sustained
high vapor pressure differences between the cold surfaces and
the ambient air with a vapor retarder system (details are
addressed in Section 7). Vapor retarder systems shall have a
permeance ≤0.01 perm (0.575 ng/(s-m
2
-Pa).
NOTE 3—Achieving a DIN 4102-1 Class B2 is not considered equiva-
lent to achieving a Test Method E84 ﬂame spread index of no more than
25.
NOTE 4—To avoid stress corrosion cracking, heated inert gas for
purging or cleaning LNG tanks should be maintained in temperatures
equal to or lower than 115 °F (46 °C).
5.3 The insulation system designer shall determine whether
tank insulation is necessary for steady state heat gain limit,
personnel protection, condensation control, or other design
criteria. For design purposes, the warmest LNG temperature
shall be –259 °F (–162 °C).
5.3.1 For a steady state heat gain limit design criterion a
maximum of 8 Btu/hr/ft
2
(25 W/m
2
) of outer jacket surface
area shall be used. The designer shall be cognizant of the IGC
Code and the IGF Code requirements for hold times when
designing insulation for transient heat gain limits.
5.4 For personnel protection, the insulation thickness shall
be designed to maintain the outer surface of the insulation
system above 0 °F (–17.7 °C) at a chosen set of harsh ambient
TABLE 1 Required Insulation System Performance
I. Insulation system shall meet one of the following three ﬂammability requirements:
A. Noncombustible per one of the following three test methods: (1) Test Method C136
(2) Part 1 of the IMO FTP Code Annex 1
(3) 46 CFR Part 164.109
B. Low ﬂame spread per test method IMO FTP Code Annex 1, Part 5 (1) CFE $20 kW/m
2
(2) Q
sb
$1.5 MJ/m
2
(3) Q
t
#0.7 MJ
(4) Q
p
#4.0 kW
(5) No burning droplets
C. Flame Spread Index per Test Method E84 Less than or equal to 25
II. Protective jacketing emittance per Test Method C835 Emittance shall be determined on jacketing for design purposes
III. Vapor Retarder Permeance per Test Method E96 and Practice
C1809 for sheet or ﬁlm materials (where applicable) Permeance #0.01 perm (0.575 ng/(s-m
2
-Pa)
IV. Insulation thickness determination per Practice C680 one of the following two:
A. Personnel protection Surface temperature $0 °F (–20 °C)
B. Condensation prevention for (1) above deck and (2) enclosed
spaces
Surface temperature $dew point temperature under design conditions
V. Insulation materials
A. Thermal conductivity per Test Method C177 or ISO 8497 From a mean temperature of –200 °F to 75 °F (–129 °C to 23 °C) for design
purposes
B. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion per Test Method D696 or
F3319
From 70 °F ± 10 °F (21 °C ± 5.6 °C) down to –259 °F ± 10 °F (–162 °C ± 5.6 °C) for
design purposes
C. Compressive resistance per Test Methods C165 or D1621 for
insulation material used in tank supports
–259 °F ± 10 °F (–162 °C ± 5.6 °C) for design purposes
VI. Protective jacketing materials, one of the following:
A. Aluminum per Speciﬁcation C1729, Type II, III, IV, or V, Grade 1,
Class A on tank or Speciﬁcation C1729, Type I, II, IV, or V, Grade 1 or
3, Class A for the ﬁttings
B. Stainless steel per Speciﬁcation C1767, Type I, II, IV, or V, Grade 1
or 2, Class A on tank or Speciﬁcation C1767, Type I, II, IV, or V,
Grade 1 or 2, Class A or E for the ﬁttings
C. Other materials and designs are acceptable if they meet the
material speciﬁcation and its performance requirements
VII. Protective metal jacketing securement
Type 304 stainless steel bands and wing seal Per manufacturer’s instructions
F3562 − 24
3

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摘要：

本文深入解读ASTM F3562-24标准规范，该标准专门针对液化天然气（LNG）C型储罐隔热系统的选择与工程应用。内容涵盖隔热材料性能要求、低温环境下的热力学设计原则、系统耐久性评估以及安装工艺规范，帮助工程师与项目决策者掌握如何根据储罐结构、操作温度和合规要求，合理选配隔热系统以降低蒸发率、提升能效并确保长期安全运行。

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ASTM F3562 - 24 液化天然气（LNG）C型储罐隔热系统的选择和应用标准规范

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