ASTM A618 - A 618M - 21

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Designation: A618/A618M −21
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy
Structural Tubing
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A618/A618M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers grades of hot-formed welded
and seamless high-strength low-alloy square, rectangular,
round, or special shape structural tubing for welded, riveted, or
bolted construction of bridges and buildings and for general
structural purposes. When the steel is used in welded
construction, the welding procedure shall be suitable for the
steel and the intended service.
1.2 Square and rectangular tubing is produced with ﬂats of
1 in. to 16 in. [25 mm to 405 mm] and a speciﬁed wall
thickness of 0.095 in. to 1.0 in. [2.5 mm to 25 mm]. Round
tubing is produced with diameters of 1 in. to 48 in. [25 mm to
1220 mm] and a speciﬁed wall thickness of 0.095 in. to 2.50 in.
[2.5 mm to 65 mm].
1.3 This speciﬁcation covers the following grades: Ia, Ib, II,
III, IV, V, VI and VII.
1.4 The text of this speciﬁcation contains notes and foot-
notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and
footnotes, excluding those in tables and ﬁgures, do not contain
any mandatory requirements.
1.5 This speciﬁcation is expressed in both inch-pound units
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order speciﬁes
the applicable M speciﬁcation designation (SI units), the
inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI
units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
formance with the standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A370 Test Methods and Deﬁnitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-
sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
2.2 Federal Standard:
3
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
2.3 Military Standard:
3
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms used in this
speciﬁcation, refer to Terminology A941.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this speciﬁcation should
include the following as required to describe the material
adequately:
4.1.1 Quantity (weight in metric tons, feet [meters], or
number of lengths),
4.1.2 Name of the material (hot-formed tubing),
4.1.3 Method of manufacture (seamless or welded),
4.1.4 Grade (Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V, VI or VII),
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2021. Published September 2021. Originally
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A618/A618M – 04
(2015). DOI: 10.1520/A0618_A0618M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness for
round tubing and the outside dimensions and nominal wall
thickness for square and rectangular tubing),
4.1.6 Length (random, multiple, or speciﬁc; see 12.4),
4.1.7 End condition (see 16.5),
4.1.8 Burr removal (see 16.5),
4.1.9 Certiﬁcation (see Section 18),
4.1.10 Packaging, package marking, and loading for ship-
ment (see Section 20),
4.1.11 Product analysis (see Supplementary Requirements
S1),
4.1.12 Speciﬁcation designation (A618 or A618M, includ-
ing year date),
4.1.13 End use, and
4.1.14 Special requirements.
5. Process
5.1 The steel shall be made by basic-oxygen, or electric-
arc-furnace steelmaking process.
5.2 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast.
5.3 When steels of different grades are sequentially strand
cast, identiﬁcation of the resultant transition material is re-
quired. The producer shall remove the transition material by
any established procedure that positively separates the grades.
6. Manufacture
6.1 The tubing shall be made by the seamless, furnace-butt-
welded (continuous-welded), or hot-stretch-reduced electric-
resistance-welded process.
6.2 The ﬁnal cross section formation shall be made by a hot
forming process.
6.3 The weld shall not be located within the radius of the
corners of any tube having one or more ﬂat sides.
6.4 It shall be permissible for tubing with a wall thickness
greater than
1
⁄
2
in. [13 mm] to add a normalizing heat
treatment.
6.5 A quenching and tempering process shall be used for
Grade V, Grade VI and Grade VII and may be used for Grade
IV.
7. Heat Analysis
7.1 When subjected to heat analysis the steel shall conform
to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
7.1.1 For Grades Ia and Ib, the choice and use of alloying
elements, combined with carbon, manganese, and sulfur within
the limits prescribed in Table 1 to give the mechanical
properties prescribed in Table 2 and to provide atmospheric
corrosion resistance, should be made by the manufacturer and
included and reported in the heat analysis for information
purposes only to identify the type of steel applied. For Grades
Ia and Ib material, the atmospheric corrosion-resistance index,
calculated on the basis of the chemical composition of the steel
as described in Guide G101, shall be 6.0 or higher.
NOTE 1—The user is cautioned that the Guide G101 predictive equation
for calculation of an atmospheric corrosion–resistance index has been
veriﬁed only for the composition limits stated in that guide.
7.1.2 When Grade III is required for enhanced corrosion
resistance, copper limits may be speciﬁed and the minimum
content shall be 0.20 % by heat analysis and 0.18 % by product
analysis.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A
Element
Composition, %
Grade Ia Grade Ib Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
E
Grade VI
F
Grade VII
F
Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product
Carbon, max 0.15 0.18 0.20 . . . 0.22 0.26 0.23
B
0.27
B
0.22 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.22
Manganese,
max
1.00 1.04 1.35 1.40 1.25 1.30 1.35
B
1.40
B
1.6 1.65 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.7 1.75 1.75
Phosphorus,
max
0.15 0.16 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.025 0.030
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.045 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.020 0.025 0.020 0.025 0.020 0.025 0.020 0.025
Silicon, max . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.33 0.30 0.35 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Copper, min 0.20 0.18 0.20
C
0.18
C
0.20 0.18 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Vanadium, min . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 0.01 0.02
D
0.01
D
0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Chromium,min ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20
Molybdenum,
min
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20
A
Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
B
For each reduction of 0.01 % C below the speciﬁed carbon maximum, an increase of 0.05 % manganese above the speciﬁed maximum will be permitted up to 1.45 %
for the heat analysis and up to 1.50 % for the product analysis.
C
If chromium and silicon contents are each 0.50 % min, then the copper minimums do not apply.
D
Columbium may be used in conformance with the following limits: 0.005 %, min (heat) and 0.004 %, min (product).
E
Boron may be used up to a max. 0.0040 %.
F
Other alloying elements, like tungsten, columbium or nickel, may also be used.
A618/A618M − 21
2

8. Product Analysis
8.1 When product analysis is ordered (see 4.1.11 and S1) the
tubing shall conform to the requirements speciﬁed in Table 1.
9. Tensile Requirements
9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen, shall
conform to the tensile property requirements prescribed in
Table 2.
9.2 Elongation may be determined on a gage length of either
2 in. [50 mm] or 8 in. [200 mm] at the manufacturer’s choice.
10. Impact Requirements
10.1 For Grades III, IV, V, VI, VII the Charpy V-notch
impact test specimens shall conform to the requirements
prescribed in Table 2. Impact tests are not required for
thicknesses smaller than or equal to 0.250 in. [6.3 mm], unless
speciﬁed.
10.2 Charpy V-notch tests shall be made in accordance with
Test Methods and Deﬁnitions A370. One test shall consist of a
set of three specimens. Standard specimens 10 mm by 10 mm
[0.394 in. by 0.394 in.] in cross section shall be used unless the
material to be tested is of insufficient thickness, in which case
the largest obtainable subsize specimens shall be used. Accep-
tance criteria for subsize specimens shall be in accordance with
Test Methods and Deﬁnitions A370.
10.3 One Charpy V-notch impact test shall be made from a
length of tubing representing each lot.
10.4 The test results of standard full-size longitudinal speci-
mens shall meet a minimum average per set of three specimens
and minimum single value as speciﬁed in Table 2. The
specimen axis shall be parallel to the tubing axis and the notch
shall be normal to the surface of the material. For wall
thicknesses 1.5 in. [38 mm] and less, the specimens shall be
located with their surface at least 0.08 in. [2 mm] from the
material surface; for wall thicknesses greater than 1.5 in. [38
mm], the specimens shall be located with their axial plane at
least
1
⁄
4
times the wall thickness from the material surface.
10.5 The maximum test temperature shall be 0°F [–18°C].
11. Dimensions
11.1 Round Structural Tubing—The dimensions are deﬁned
by outside diameter (OD) and the wall thickness (t).
11.2 Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing—The out-
side dimensions are deﬁned by length of 1st side (H), length of
2nd side (B) and the wall thickness (t). The nominal weight
(W) shall be calculated by the following equation:
W5490
~
2t
~
B1H
!
2
~
5.07 t
2
!!
144 lb⁄ft (1)
F
W50.785
~
2t
~
B1H
!
2
~
5.07 t
2
!!
100 kg⁄m
G
where:
W= weight, lb/ft [kg/m],
H= length of 1st side, or longer side at rectangular
dimensions, inch [mm],
B= length of 2nd side, or shorter side at rectangular
dimensions, inch [mm],
t= wall thickness, inch [mm].
NOTE 2—The resulting corresponding sectional properties should be
calculated separately, for example, per ISO 12633-2.
11.3 Special Shape Structural Tubing—The dimensions and
tolerances of special shape structural tubing are available by
inquiry and negotiation with the manufacturer.
12. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
12.1 Outside Dimensions:
12.1.1 Round Structural Tubing—For outside diameter
greater than 2.0 in [50 mm], the outside diameter shall not vary
more than 61 % from the speciﬁed outside diameter. For
outside diameter 2.0 in. [50 mm] and under, the outside
diameter shall not vary more than 6
1
⁄
48
in. [0.50 mm] from the
speciﬁed outside diameter.
12.1.2 Square, Rectangular, and Special Shape Structural
Tubing—The outside dimensions are measured across the ﬂats
at positions 2.0 in. [50 mm] from the ends of the tubing. For
outside dimensions greater than 2.0 in. [50 mm], the outside
dimensions shall not vary more than 61 % from the speciﬁed
outside dimension. For outside dimensions 2.0 in. [50 mm] and
TABLE 2 Tensile and Impact Requirements
Thickness in.
[mm]
Grades Ia,
Ib, and II
A
Grade III Grade
IV Grade V Grade VI Grade VII
Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa]
#
3
⁄
4
[19] 70 000 [485] 65 000
[450]
80 000
[550]
100 000
[690]
112 000
[770]
139 000
[960]
>
3
⁄
4
[19] and
#1
1
⁄
2
[38] 67 000 [460] 65 000
[450]
78 000
[540]
100 000
[690]
104 000
[720]
133 000
[920]
>1
1
⁄
2
[38] and
#2
1
⁄
2
[65] ––
78 000
[540]
90 000
[620]
99 000
[680]
125 000
[860]
Yield strength, min, psi [MPa]
#
3
⁄
4
[19] 50 000 [345] 50 000
[345]
67 000
[460]
90 000
[620]
100 000
[690]
129 000
[890]
>
3
⁄
4
[19] and
#1
1
⁄
2
[38] 46 000 [315] – 64 000
[440]
84 000
[580]
94 000
[650]
123 000
[850]
>1
1
⁄
2
[38] and
#2
1
⁄
2
[65] ––
62 000
[430]
73 000
[500]
84 000
[580]
116 000
[800]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % All 22 20 19 18 17 16
Elongation in 8 in. or 200 mm, min, % All 19 18 17 16 15 14
Impact Energy, min. average ft/lbf [J] (see 10.4)
min. single ft/lbf [J] (see 10.4)–20 [27]
14 [19]
20 [27]
14 [19]
20 [27]
14 [19]
20 [27]
14 [19]
20 [27]
14 [19]
A
For Grade II, when the material is normalized, the minimum yield strength and minimum tensile strength required shall be reduced by 5 ksi [35 MPa].
A618/A618M − 21
3

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摘要：

ASTM A618 - A 618M - 21 是美国材料与试验协会发布的最新标准规范，涵盖热成型的焊接碳素钢与高强度低合金钢无缝及焊接结构管材的技术要求。该标准适用于桥梁、建筑、海洋工程及其他对强度与耐候性有较高要求的钢结构应用场景。标准规定了材料的化学成分、力学性能、尺寸公差及热处理工艺等关键参数，确保管材在恶劣环境下的可靠性与安全性。对于从事钢结构设计、制造与采购的专业人员而言，理解并遵循ASTM A618 - A 618M - 21 能够有效提升结构耐久性并满足国际工程项目的合规要求。该

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