ASTM B447 - 12a (2021)

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Designation: B447 −12a (Reapproved 2021)

Standard Speciﬁcation for

Welded Copper Tube

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope*

1.1 This speciﬁcation establishes the requirements for

welded copper tube with a longitudinal seam free of ﬁller metal

produced from sheet or strip of the following coppers:

Copper UNS Nos. Type of Copper

C10100 Oxygen-free electronic

C10200 Oxygen-free

C10300 Oxygen-free, extra low phosphorus

C10800 Oxygen-free, low phosphorus

C11000 Electrolytic tough pitch

C12000 Phosphorus deoxidized, low residual phosphorus

C12200 Phosphorus deoxidized, high residual phosphorus

C14200 Phosphorus deoxidized, arsenical

1.2 Unless otherwise speciﬁed in the contract or purchase

order, product furnished of any listed copper, with the excep-

tion of copper C11000, shall be considered acceptable.

1.2.1 Copper C11000 welded tube shall not be used in

applications where hydrogen embrittlement during heating is a

concern.

1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be

regarded as standard except for grain size, which is given in SI

units. The values given in parentheses are mathematical

conversions to SI units that are provided for information only

and are not considered standard.

1.4 The following hazard caveat pertains only to Section 13

of this speciﬁcation: This standard does not purport to address

all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is

the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish

appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and

determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to

use.

1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

B153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and

Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing

B170 Speciﬁcation for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—

Reﬁnery Shapes

B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor

Materials

B577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydro-

gen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper

B601 Classiﬁcation for Temper Designations for Copper and

Copper Alloys—Wrought and Cast

B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys

E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens

E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-

terials

E29 Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to

Determine Conformance with Speciﬁcations

E53 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Unalloyed

Copper by Gravimetry

E62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and

Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods) (Withdrawn 2010)

E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size

E243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examina-

tion of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes

E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for

the Determination of Chemical Composition

E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the

Uniﬁed Numbering System (UNS)

3. Terminology

3.1 For deﬁnitions of terms related to copper and copper

alloys refer to Terminology B846.

3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:

3.2.1 lengths, mill, n—straight lengths, including ends that

are conveniently manufactured in the mills.

This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper

and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe

and Tube.

Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally

approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as B447 – 12a. DOI:

10.1520/B0447-12AR21.

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM

Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on

the ASTM website.

The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on

www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

3.2.1.1 Discussion—Full-length pieces are usually 10 ft,

12 ft, or 20 ft (3.0 m, 3.7 m, or 6.1 m) and subject to estab-

lished length tolerances.

3.2.2 lengths, stock, n—straight lengths that are mill cut and

stored in advance of orders.

3.2.2.1 Discussion—Stock lengths are usually 6 ft to 20 ft

(1.8 m to 6.1 m) and subject to established tolerances.

4. Classiﬁcation

4.1 The following types of welded tube are manufactured

under this speciﬁcation:

4.1.1 As-Welded—A condition created as a result of forming

sheet or plate into tubular form and welding without subse-

quent heat treatment or cold work.

4.1.2 Welded and Annealed—Welded tube annealed to pro-

duce a uniform grain size appropriate to the speciﬁed annealed

temper.

4.1.3 Welded and Cold Drawn—Welded tube with internal

and external ﬂash removed by scarﬁng or the internal ﬂash

displaced and subsequently cold drawn to conform to a

speciﬁed temper.

4.1.4 Fully Finished:

4.1.4.1 Welded tube with internal and external ﬂash re-

moved by scarﬁng and subsequently cold drawn over a

mandrel and annealed as necessary to conform to the speciﬁed

temper.

4.1.4.2 Welded tube that has been mechanically worked

smooth without the need for internal or external scarﬁng or

other metal removal and subsequently cold drawn over a

mandrel and annealed as necessary to conform to the speciﬁed

size and temper.

5. Ordering Information

5.1 Include the following information when placing orders

for product under this speciﬁcation, as applicable:

5.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue;

5.1.2 Copper UNS No. designation (for example, C10300);

5.1.3 Tube type (Classiﬁcation, 4);

5.1.4 Internal ﬂash treatment (see 6.2.4);

5.1.5 Temper (Section 8);

5.1.6 Dimensions; diameter, wall thickness, length, and so

forth (Section 14);

5.1.7 How furnished; straight length or coil;

5.1.8 Quantity; total weight or number of pieces or coils

each copper, tube type, size, and temper; and

5.1.9 When product is purchased for electrical conductor

application (Section 10.1).

5.2 The following are options available under this speciﬁ-

cation and shall be speciﬁed in the contract or purchase order

when required:

5.2.1 Heat identiﬁcation or traceability details (6.1.2),

5.2.2 Microscopical examination microphotographs (12.1),

5.2.3 Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility test (Section

12.2),

5.2.4 Electrical resistivity (10.1),

5.2.5 Expansion test (12.3),

5.2.6 Certiﬁcation (Section 23), and

5.2.7 Test Report (Section 24).

6. Material and Manufacture

6.1 Material:

6.1.1 The material of manufacture shall be sheet or strip of

one of the Copper UNS Nos. listed in 1.1 of such purity and

soundness as to be suitable for processing into the products

prescribed herein.

6.1.2 When speciﬁed in the contract or purchase order that

heat identiﬁcation or traceability is required, the purchaser

shall specify the details desired.

NOTE 1—Due to the discontinuous nature of the processing of castings

into wrought products, it is not always practical to identify a speciﬁc

casting analysis with a speciﬁc quantity of ﬁnished material.

6.2 Manufacture:

6.2.1 The product shall be manufactured by forming the

material into a tubular shape on a suitable forming mill.

6.2.2 Welding shall be accomplished by any process that

produces forge or fusion welds leaving no crevice in the weld

seam visible to the unaided eye.

6.2.2.1 Forge-Welded Tube—The edges of the strip shall be

heated to the required welding temperature, usually by a

high-frequency electric current and be pressed ﬁrmly together

causing a forged-type joint to be formed with internal and

external ﬂash.

6.2.2.2 Fusion-Welded Tube—The edges of the strip shall be

brought together and welded, usually by a GTAW welding

process, without the addition of ﬁller metal, causing a fusion-

type joint to be formed with no internal or external ﬂash.

6.2.3 Flash Removal—The external ﬂash of forge welded

tube shall be removed by scarﬁng and the internal ﬂash shall be

treated by one of the following techniques:

6.2.3.1 IFI—Internal ﬂash to remain in the as-welded con-

dition.

6.2.3.2 IFR—Internal ﬂash to be removed by scarﬁng.

6.2.3.3 IFD—Internal ﬂash displaced by rolling or drawing.

6.2.4 Unless otherwise speciﬁed in the contract or purchase

order, the welded tube shall be furnished with the internal ﬂash

in the IFI condition.

7. Chemical Composition

7.1 The material shall conform to the chemical composi-

tional requirements in Table 1 for the Copper UNS No.

designation speciﬁed in the ordering information.

7.1.1 These composition limits do not preclude the presence

of other elements. By agreement between the manufacturer and

the purchaser, limits may be established and analysis required

for unnamed elements.

8. Temper

8.1 Tempers, as deﬁned in Classiﬁcation B601,ofthe

various tube types are as follows:

8.1.1 As-Welded:

8.1.1.1 As-welded from annealed strip WM50,

8.1.1.2 As-welded from half hard strip WM02, and

8.1.1.3 As-welded from hard strip WM04.

8.1.2 Welded and Annealed:

8.1.2.1 Welded and soft annealed W060, and

8.1.2.2 Welded and light annealed W050.

8.1.3 Welded and Cold Drawn:

B447 − 12a (2021)

8.1.3.1 Welded and drawn eighth hard WH00,

8.1.3.2 Welded and drawn half hard WH02, and

8.1.3.3 Welded and hard drawn WH04.

8.1.4 Fully Finished:

8.1.4.1 Fully ﬁnished, soft annealed O60;

8.1.4.2 Fully ﬁnished, light annealed O50;

8.1.4.3 Fully ﬁnished, light drawn H55;

8.1.4.4 Fully ﬁnished, drawn general purpose H58; and

8.1.4.5 Fully ﬁnished, hard drawn H80.

9. Grain Size for Annealed Welded Tube and Annealed

Fully Finished Welded Tube

9.1 Grain size shall be the standard requirement for all

product in the annealed tempers.

9.2 Acceptance or rejection based upon grain size shall

depend only on the average grain size of a test specimen taken

from each of two sample portions, and each specimen shall be

within the limits prescribed in Table 2 when determined in

accordance with Test Methods E112.

10. Physical Property Requirements

10.1 Electrical Resistivity Requirements:

10.1.1 When speciﬁed in the contract or purchase order, the

product purchased for electrical conductor applications shall

conform to the electrical mass resistivity requirements pre-

scribed in Table 3 when tested in accordance with Test Method

B193.

NOTE 2—The International Annealed Copper Standard electrical con-

ductivity equivalents are given in Appendix X2.

11. Mechanical Property Requirements

11.1 Tensile Strength Requirements:

11.1.1 As welded, welded and cold drawn, and fully ﬁn-

ished tube in drawn tempers furnished under this speciﬁcation

shall conform to the tensile strength requirements prescribed in

Table 4 when tested in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M.

11.1.2 Acceptance or rejection based on mechanical prop-

erties shall depend only on tensile strength.

11.2 Rockwell Hardness Requirements:

11.2.1 The approximate Rockwell hardness values given in

Table 2 and Table 4 are for general information and assistance

in testing and shall not be used as a basis for product rejection.

NOTE 3—The Rockwell hardness test offers a quick and convenient

method for checking general conformity to the speciﬁcation requirements

for temper, tensile strength, and grain size.

12. Performance Requirements

12.1 Microscopical Examination:

12.1.1 Tubes produced of coppers C10100, C10200,

C10300, and C12000 shall be free of cuprous oxide as

determined by Procedure A of Test Methods B577.

12.1.2 When speciﬁed in the ordering information, micro-

photographs of the manufacturer’s test specimens shall be

provided (see 5.2.2).

12.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility Test:

12.2.1 Samples of Coppers UNS Nos. C10100, C10200,

C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, and C14200 shall be

capable of passing the embrittlement test of Procedure B of

Test Methods B577. The actual performance of this test is not

mandatory under the terms of this speciﬁcation unless speciﬁed

at the time of ordering. In case of a dispute, a referee method

in accordance with Procedure C shall be used.

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Copper

UNS No.

Composition, %

Copper,

min Phosphorus Arsenic

Min Max Min Max

C10100 99.99

B,C

... ... ... ...

C10200 99.95

... ... ... ...

C10300 99.95

0.001 0.005 ... ...

C10800 99.95

0.005 0.012 ... ...

C11000 99.90 ... ... ... ...

C12000 99.90 0.004 0.012 ... ...

C12200 99.9 0.015 0.040 ... ...

C14200 99.4 0.015 0.040 0.15 0.50

Copper (including silver).

This value is exclusive of silver and shall be determined by difference of “impurity

total” from 100 %. “Impurity total” is deﬁned as the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin,

bismuth, arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, zinc, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium,

manganese, cadmium, and oxygen present in the sample.

Impurity maximums for C10100 shall be antimony 4, arsenic 5, bismuth 1,

cadmium 1, iron 10, lead 5, manganese 0.5, nickel 10, oxygen 5, phosphorus 3,

selenium 3, silver 25, sulfur 15, tellurium 2, tin 2, and zinc 1.

Oxygen in C10200 shall be 10 ppm max.

Copper + silver + phosphorus.

TABLE 2 Property Requirements of Annealed Welded Tube and Annealed Fully Finished Welded Tube

Temper Outside Diameter,

in.

Wall Thickness,

in. (mm)

Approximate Rockwell Hardness

Average Grain

Size, mm

Scale Value

Soft anneal, (O60) all 0.016 (0.406)–0.035 (0.889), incl. 15T 60 max 0.040 min

over 0.035 (0.889) F 50 max 0.040 min

Light anneal, (O50) all 0.016 (0.406)–0.035 (0.889), incl. 15T 65 max 0.040 max

over 0.035 (0.889) F 55 max 0.040 max

Rockwell hardness value shall apply only to tube having a wall thickness 0.016 in. (0.406 mm) or over and to tube having an inside diameter of

⁄

in. (7.94 mm) or over.

For all other tube, no Rockwell values shall apply. Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on the inside surface of the tube. If suitable equipment is not available for

determining the speciﬁed Rockwell hardness requirements in this speciﬁcation, then other Rockwell scales and values shall be speciﬁed, subject to agreement between

manufacturer, or supplier and purchaser. On welded and annealed tube, the Rockwell hardness test shall not be taken at the weld.

TABLE 3 Electrical Resistivity

Tempers

Electrical Resistivity, max, Ω·g/m

Copper Alloy UNS Nos.

C10100 C10200

C10300

and

C12000

C11000 C12000

Annealed 0.151 76 0.153 28 0.156 14 0.153 28 0.170 31

Drawn 0.156 14 0.157 37 0.159 40 0.157 75 0.174 18

B447 − 12a (2021)

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摘要：

ASTM B447 - 12a (2021) 是国际材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的关于焊接铜管的标准规范，最新修订于2021年确认。该标准涵盖了用于一般工程、管道系统、制冷和空调等领域的焊接铜管的制造要求、尺寸公差、机械性能及测试方法。本标准特别适用于通过自动焊接工艺生产的无缝或带接缝的铜管，其材质通常为C10200、C12000等无氧铜或脱氧铜，确保良好的导电性、导热性和耐腐蚀性。符合本标准的铜管广泛用于建筑给排水、暖通系统及工业流体输送场景。对于涉及铜管选型、采购或质量控制的技术人员而言，

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