ASTM B523 - B 523M - 18 (2023)

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Designation: B523/B523M −18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Seamless and Welded Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy
Tubes
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B523/B523M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation
2
covers two grades of zirconium and
zirconium alloy seamless and welded tubes.
1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass
gain in mg/dm
2
, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text,
the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the speciﬁ-
cation.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test methods portion of this speciﬁcation: This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
A370 Test Methods and Deﬁnitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
B551/B551M Speciﬁcation for Zirconium and Zirconium
Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
B614 Practice for Descaling and Cleaning Zirconium and
Zirconium Alloy Surfaces
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
terials
E29 Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Speciﬁcations
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
Tubing
E426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examina-
tion of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium,
Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.1.1 annealed, n—for purposes of this speciﬁcation “an-
nealed” denotes material that exhibits a recrystallized grain
structure.
3.2 Lot Deﬁnitions:
3.2.1 tubes, n—a lot shall consist of a material of the same
size, shape, condition, and ﬁnish produced from the same ingot
or powder blend by the same reduction schedule and the same
heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreed between
manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited to the
product of an 8 h period for ﬁnal continuous anneal, or to a
single furnace load for ﬁnal batch anneal.
4. Classiﬁcation
4.1 The tubes are furnished in two grades as follows:
4.1.1 Grade R60702—Unalloyed zirconium.
4.1.2 Grade R60704—Zirconium-tin alloy.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material under this speciﬁcation should
include the following information:
5.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces, or both),
5.1.2 Name of material (zirconium seamless or welded
tube),
5.1.3 Dimensions (diameter, wall thickness as either aver-
age or minimum, lengths),
5.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue,
5.1.5 Grade number (see 4.1), and
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 and is the
direct responsibility of Subcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as B523/B523M – 18.
DOI: 10.1520/B0523_B0523M-18R23.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Speciﬁ-
cation SB–523 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

5.1.6 Additions to the speciﬁcation, if required. See 6.3.1,
7.3,10.1,12.7.3,14.1, and 15.1 for additional optional
requirements for the purchase order.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 1000 pieces of
seamless zirconium tubes, 2 in. [50 mm] in outside diameter by 0.06 in.
[15 mm] in average wall thickness by 10 ft [3 m] in length, vacuum
annealed, ASTM B523/B523M - 01, Grade R60702.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Seamless tube shall be made by any seamless method
that will yield a product meeting the requirements of this
speciﬁcation.
6.2 Welded tube shall be made from sheet or strip meeting
the requirements of Speciﬁcation B551/B551M by an auto-
matic arc-welding process or other method of welding that will
yield a product meeting the requirements of this speciﬁcation.
Filler metal shall not be used. Welded tubing shall be supplied
as follows:
6.2.1 As welded, or
6.2.2 As welded and further reduced.
6.3 The tube shall be furnished annealed.
6.3.1 Purchaser shall specify one of the following:
(a) annealed in air
(b) annealed in vacuum
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
7.2 The manufacturer’s ingot analysis shall be considered
the chemical analysis for tubing, except for hydrogen and
nitrogen, which shall be determined on the ﬁnished product.
7.3 When requested by the purchaser and stated in the
purchase order, a product analysis for any elements listed in
Table 1 shall be made on the ﬁnished product.
7.3.1 The manufacturer’s analysis shall be considered as
veriﬁed if the check analysis conﬁrms the manufacturer’s
reported values within the tolerances prescribed in Table 2.
8. Tensile Requirements
8.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens, shall
conform to the tensile properties prescribed in Table 3.
9. Permissible Variation in Dimensions
9.1 Diameter—At any point (cross section) along the length
of the tube, the variation in outside diameter shall not exceed
those prescribed in Table 4.
9.2 Length—When tubes are ordered cut to length, the
length shall be not less than that speciﬁed, but a variation of
1
⁄
8
in. [3.2 mm] will be permitted on tube up to 10 ft [3 m],
inclusive. For lengths over 10 ft, an additional over-tolerance
of
1
⁄
8
in. [3.2 mm] for each 10 ft [3 m] or fraction thereof shall
be permissible up to
1
⁄
2
in. [13 mm], maximum.
9.3 Straightness—The tube shall be free of bends or kinks
and the maximum uniform bow shall not exceed the values
shown in Table 5.
9.4 Squareness of Cut—The angle of cut of the end of any
tube up to 1
1
⁄
2
in. [40 mm] in outside diameter may depart from
square not more than 0.016 in./in. [mm/mm].
10. Workmanship and Quality Level Requirements
10.1 The ﬁnished tube shall be clean and free of foreign
material, shall have smooth ends, free of burrs, and shall be
free of injurious external and internal imperfections in accor-
dance with standards of acceptability agreed upon between the
manufacturer and the purchaser. Minor defects may be re-
moved provided the dimensional tolerances of Table 4 are not
exceeded.
11. Signiﬁcance of Numerical Limits
11.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with the
speciﬁed limits for requirements of the properties listed in the
following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall
be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding
methods of Practice E29.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A
Element
Composition, %
UNS Grade Designation
R60702 R60704
Zirconium + hafnium, min
B
99.2 97.5
Hafnium, max 4.5 4.5
Iron + chromium 0.2 max 0.2 to 0.4
Tin . . . 1.0 to 2.0
Hydrogen, max 0.005 0.005
Nitrogen, max 0.025 0.025
Carbon, max 0.05 0.05
Niobium . . . . . .
Oxygen, max 0.16 0.18
A
By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, analysis may be
required and limits established for elements and compounds not speciﬁed in the
table of chemical composition.
B
The value for zirconium + hafnium, min, is a warranted but not a measured value.
TABLE 2 Permissible Variation in Product Analysis Between
Different Laboratories
Element Permissible Variation in Product
Analysis, %
Hydrogen 0.002
Nitrogen 0.01
Carbon 0.01
Hafnium 0.1
Iron + chromium 0.025
Tin 0.05
Niobium 0.05
Oxygen 0.02
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
UNS Grade Designation
R60702 R60704
Tensile strength,
min, ksi [MPa]
55 [380] 60 [415]
Yield strength, min,
ksi [MPa]
30 [205] 35 [240]
Elongation in 2 in.
or 50 mm, min, %
16 14
B523/B523M − 18 (2023)
2

Property
Rounded Unit for Observed
or Calculated Value
Chemical composition, and tolerances
(when expressed as decimals)
nearest unit in the last right-hand place
of ﬁgures of the speciﬁed limit
Tensile strength and yield strength nearest 1000 psi [10 MPa]
Elongation nearest 1 %
12. Number of Tests and Retests
12.1 One longitudinal tension test, see 13.1, shall be made
from each lot.
12.2 One chemistry test, see 7.2 and 13.8, for hydrogen and
nitrogen shall be made from each lot of ﬁnished product.
12.3 One ﬂare test, see 13.6, shall be made from each lot.
12.4 One reverse ﬂattening test, see 13.7, shall be made
from each lot of welded tubing.
12.5 Welded Tubes:
12.5.1 Welded tubes shall be nondestructively tested using
the following procedures:
12.5.1.1 Eddy Current Test, see 13.2.
12.5.1.2 Ultrasonic Test, see 13.3.
12.5.1.3 Hydrostatic Test, see 13.4, or pneumatic test, see
13.5.
12.6 Seamless Tubes:
12.6.1 Seamless tubes shall be nondestructively tested using
the following procedures:
12.6.1.1 Ultrasonic Test, see 13.3.
12.6.1.2 Eddy Current Test, see 13.2, or hydrostatic test, see
13.4, or pneumatic test, see 13.5.
12.7 Retests:
12.7.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious surface
contamination or improper preparation disqualifying it as a
truly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a new
sample or specimen substituted.
12.7.2 If the results of any tests of any lot do not conform to
the requirements speciﬁed, retests shall be made on additional
tubes of double the original number from the same lot, each of
which shall conform to the requirements speciﬁed.
12.7.3 Retesting after failure of initial retests may be done
only with the approval of the purchaser.
13. Test Methods
13.1 Tension Tests—Conduct the tension test in accordance
with Test Methods E8/E8M. Determine the yield strength by
the offset (0.2 %) method. Determine the tensile properties
using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in. [mm/mm]/min
through the yield strength. After the yield strength has been
exceeded, the cross-head speed may be increased to approxi-
mately 0.05 in./in. [mm/mm]/min to failure.
13.2 Eddy Current Testing:
13.2.1 Perform the nondestructive test in accordance with
Practice E426, or a purchaser-approved procedure.
13.2.1.1 Drilled Hole—The calibration tube shall contain
three or more holes, equally spaced circumferentially around
the tube and longitudinally separated by a sufficient distance to
allow distinct identiﬁcation of the signal form each hole. The
holes shall be drilled radially and completely through the tube
wall, with care being taken to avoid distortion of the tube while
drilling. The holes shall not be larger than 0.031 in. [0.8 mm]
in diameter. As an alternative, the producer may choose to drill
one hole and run the calibration standard through the test coil
three times, rotating the tube approximately 120° each time.
More passes with smaller angular increments may be used,
provided testing of the full 360° of the coil is obtained. For
welded tubing, if the weld is visible, one of the multiple holes
or the single hole shall be drilled in the weld.
13.3 Ultrasonic Testing:
13.3.1 For ultrasonic testing, the longitudinal calibration
reference notches shall be at the option of the manufacturer,
and be any one of the three common notch shapes in accor-
dance with Practice E213. The depth of the notch shall not
exceed 10 % of the speciﬁed wall thickness of the material or
0.004 in. [0.10 mm], whichever is greater.
13.3.2 Set aside any tubes showing an indication in excess
of that obtained from the calibration standard and subject them
to rework, retest, or rejection. A tube, therefore, set aside may
be further examined for conﬁrmation of the presence of a
defect and may be resubmitted for inspection by the same
technique if no defect is found. Any tube may also be
resubmitted for inspection if reworked so as to remove the
TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Outside Dimensions Based on Individual Measurements
Outside Diameter, in. [mm] Diameter Tolerance, in. [mm]
A,B
Permissible Variations
C
in Wall
Thickness, t, %
Under 1 [25], excl ±0.004 [±0.100] 10
Over 1 to 1
1
⁄
2
[25 to 40], incl ±0.005 [±0.125] 10
Over 1
1
⁄
2
to 2 [40 to 50], incl ±0.006 [±0.150] 10
Over 2 to 2
1
⁄
2
[50 to 65], incl ±0.007 [±0.180] 10
Over 2
1
⁄
2
to 3
1
⁄
2
[65 to 90], incl ±0.010 [±0.250] 10
A
These permissible variations in outside diameter apply only to tubes as ﬁnished at the mill before subsequent swaging, expanding, bending, polishing, or other fabricating
operations.
B
Ovality is the maximum and minimum outside diameter of a tube measured at any one cross section. If the measurement is made with a ring gage, the following formula
shall apply: Ovality = speciﬁed OD tube + diameter tolerance +0.002 in. [.05 mm] (length of ring gauge, 1 in. [25 mm] × speciﬁed tube OD.
C
When minimum wall tubes are ordered, tolerances are all plus and shall be double the values shown.
TABLE 5 Straightness
Length, ft [m] Maximum Curvature Depth
of Arc
Over 3 to 6 [0.9 to 1.85], incl
1
⁄
8
in. [3.2 mm]
Over 6 to 8 [1.8 to 2.5], incl
3
⁄
16
in. [5 mm]
Over 8 to 10 [2.5 to 3.0], incl
1
⁄
4
in. [6.4 mm]
Over 10 [3.0]
1
⁄
4
in./any 10 ft [2.1 mm/m]
B523/B523M − 18 (2023)
3

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摘要：

ASTM B523 - B 523M - 18 (2023) 是由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的关于无缝及焊接钛及钛合金管材的标准规范，涵盖冷加工、热加工及退火状态下的圆管，适用于一般工业及耐腐蚀环境。该标准在2023年进行了重新批准确认，确保其在材料化学成分、力学性能、尺寸公差及工艺要求上保持最新技术规范。文档内容包括对Grade 1至Grade 36等不同钛合金等级的要求，以及无损检测、表面质量、交货状态等关键控制指标。本规范对于航空航天、化工、海洋工程及医疗设备等对材料耐腐蚀性与强度

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