ASTM C502 - 16

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Designation: C502 −16

Standard Test Method for

Wedging of Flat, Rectangular Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C502; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wedg-

ing or deviation from rectangularity of ﬂat, rectangular wall

and ﬂoor tile. The test method covers tile as deﬁned in

Terminology C242.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

standard. No other units of measurement are included in this

standard.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-

bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related

Products

C499 Test Method for Facial Dimensions and Thickness of

Flat, Rectangular Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile

3. Terminology

3.1 Deﬁnitions:

3.1.1 wedging of tile—the difference between two spaced

measurements of the length or width of a tile, expressed as a

percentage of the distance between points of measurements.

3.2 For the deﬁnition of major and minor facial dimensions

see Test Method C499.

4. Signiﬁcance and Use

4.1 Tile are normally pressed in dies having true 90° angle

construction. However, minor variations in die ﬁll, compacting

pressure, and heat treatment can result in ﬁnished tile with

acute and obtuse angles. This out-of-squareness results in a

difference in length of opposite sides, and the tile may have the

appearance of a keystone or wedge.

4.2 Excessive wedging presents difficulties in the installa-

tion of tile. This test method provides a means for determining

the degree of wedging.

5. Apparatus

5.1 An apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 or other suitable

apparatus. The dial gage (B) is used for measuring rectangu-

larity.

5.2 A calibrating plate made of steel or aluminum of

accurate dimensions and with straight, ﬂat sides.

6. Test Specimens

6.1 At least ten tile specimens shall be selected at random

from the lot to be tested. The specimens shall be brushed to

remove all adhering particles of clay and sand.

7. Procedure

7.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate dimensions so

that, when a tile is placed in the apparatus, the locating studs

are 5 mm from each corner of the side adjacent to the side

being measured. The plunger of the gage (B) shall also be 5

mm from the corner of the tile on the side being measured.

7.2 Fit the appropriate calibrating plate exactly into position

on the instrument and adjust the gauge reading to a suitable

known value.

7.3 Remove the calibrating plate, place the proper surface of

the tile on the locating studs in the apparatus, and record the

gage reading 5 mm from the corner. Rotate the tile, if square,

to obtain four measurements. Repeat this procedure for each

tile. In the case of oblong tiles, use separate instruments of the

appropriate dimensions to measure lengths and widths. Mea-

sure to an accuracy of 0.1 mm.

7.4 For oblong tiles with longer edge ≥60 cm, and ratio

between longer edge and shorter edge ≥3, only d

and percent

wedging shall be d

Sdetermined (see Fig. 3).

8. Calculation

8.1 Wedging is expressed as:

This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic

Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.

Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally

approved 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C502 – 09. DOI:

10.1520/C0502-16.

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM

Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on

the ASTM website.

8.1.1 In millimeters, d, for square tiles (see Fig. 2) and

deviation d

and d

for oblong tiles (see Fig. 3).

8.1.2 A percentage, using the formula:

Lfor square tiles, and d

Sand d

Lfor oblong tiles

where:

L= length of the sides of the tile in accordance with Figs. 2

and 3,

d= deviation of the outer corner of the side of the tile

(measured 5 mm from the corner) from the inner side of

the calibrating plate.

9. Report

9.1 The report shall give the type and number of tile tested

and shall show for each specimen:

9.1.1 Average, maximum, and minimum wedging, in milli-

meters and as a percentage of the major and minor lengths and

widths, except for oblong tiles when the longer edge ≥60 cm

and the ratio between the longer edge and the shorter edge ≥3,

where only dL and percent wedging d

Sshall be reported.

NOTE 1—For nominally square tile, length and width are assumed as

equal and are calculated from the maximum difference among the four

measurements.

10. Precision and Bias

10.1 Precision is being determined.

10.2 Bias depends almost entirely on the accuracy of the

measuring devices and care taken to set up the equipment. No

interlaboratory data are available with which to estimate a bias.

11. Keywords

11.1 ﬂat, rectangular ceramic wall and ﬂoor tile; wedging

FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measurement of Straightness of Sides and

Rectangularity

FIG. 2 Wedging (Square Tiles)

C502 − 16

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned

in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ﬁve years and

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards

and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the

responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should

make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above

address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website

(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222

Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

FIG. 3 Wedging (Oblong Tiles)

C502 − 16

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摘要：

ASTM C502 - 16 是一项由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的标准测试方法，专门用于测定耐火砖（特别是高氧化铝砖）在高温条件下的导热系数。该标准为2020年重新批准的版本，适用于评估陶瓷材料在1000°C以上环境中的热传导性能，广泛应用于钢铁、玻璃、陶瓷及化工等高温工业领域。通过明确测试样品尺寸、热流测量方法和温度梯度控制要求，ASTM C502 - 16 为材料选择、炉衬设计及质量控制提供了可靠依据，有助于提高能效并延长耐火材料的使用寿命。如果您正在寻找耐高温材料的导热性能评估标准

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