ASTM C631 - 09 (2020)

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Designation: C631 −09 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Bonding Compounds for Interior Gypsum Plastering
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C631; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers minimum requirements for
bonding compounds for adhering interior gypsum plaster to
structurally sound surfaces.
1.2 This speciﬁcation also covers test methods for determin-
ing performance requirements and physical properties.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
test methods described in this speciﬁcation: This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building
Materials and Systems
C28/C28M Speciﬁcation for Gypsum Plasters
C472 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gyp-
sum Plasters and Gypsum Concrete
C511 Speciﬁcation for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 For deﬁnitions relating to gypsum and related building
materials and systems, see Terminology C11.
4. Physical Properties
4.1 General—The bonding compound shall be a ﬁlm
forming, non-oxidizing, non-toxic, non-ﬂammable composi-
tion suitable for application by brush, roller, and spray. The
compound shall be tinted to show, by visual inspection, where
it has been applied. The tinting material shall not show through
the material being bonded. The surfaces to which bonding
compounds are applied shall be relatively smooth, clean, and
dry. Surface coatings shall be removed if their nature indicates
an unsatisfactory condition. Surfaces shall be prepared in
accordance with the manufacturer’s directions.
4.2 Consistency—The bonding compound shall be of a
homogeneous nature with no settling of the solids. The
compound shall be free of foreign matter, and when applied in
accordance with the manufacturer’s directions, shall cover
evenly.
4.3 Film Characteristics—A dry ﬁlm of the bonding com-
pound shall be uniform and smooth and shall remain ﬂexible.
The ﬁlm shall not be noticeably affected by mild acid or alkali.
5. Performance Requirements
5.1 Bonding Capability—A dry ﬁlm of bonding compound
shall be capable of bonding gypsum plaster immediately after
drying and ten days after drying when tested as speciﬁed in
Section 12.
5.2 Degradation—Bonding compound that separates shall
be able to be re-mixed to a uniform consistency when tested as
speciﬁed in Section 10.
5.3 High Temperature Stability—The bond strength shall be
not less than 20 psi (138 kPa) when tested as speciﬁed in
Section 9.
5.4 Freeze-thaw Stability—The bond strength shall be not
less than 20 psi (138 kPa) when tested as speciﬁed in Section
11.
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 on
Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee C11.02 on Speciﬁcations and Test Methods for Accessories and
Related Products.
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C631 – 09 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/C0631-09R20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

5.5 Bond Strength—Bond strength of a fresh sample or a

30-day-old sample shall be not less than 20 psi (138 kPa) when

tested as speciﬁed in Section 12.

6. Sampling

6.1 Take a sample of not less than 1 kg from each shipment

or consignment for analysis and tests. Except in special cases,

take the sample from not less than three separate containers,

chosen at random. In addition, take samples from containers

that appear to be nonrepresentative, and test separately. Imme-

diately place the samples in airtight glass containers and

transport to the testing laboratory in these containers. Take

precautions to reduce evaporation or drying to a minimum.

Thoroughly mix the bonding compound in the container if

there is a tendency for liquid phase separation.

7. Apparatus

7.1 Moist Cabinet—Speciﬁcation C511.

7.2 Oven—A forced draft type oven, having a temperature

controlled at 140 65 °F (60 63 °C) for high temperature tests

and 100 65 °F (38 63 °C) for drying of the briquets.

7.3 Freezer—A freezer having a controlled temperature

of –10 62 °F (–23 61 °C).

7.4 Balance—A balance capable of weighing at least 2500 g

at a precision of 0.1 g.

7.5 Timing Device—A standard clock or watch with second

hand.

7.6 Tamper—A tamper made up of a nonabsorptive,

nonabrasive, non-brittle material and having a cross section of

⁄

by 1 in. (13 by 25 mm) and approximately 5 to 6 in. (130 to

150 mm) long. The tamping face shall be ﬂat and at right

angles to the length of the tamper.

7.7 Straight Edge—A steel straight edge not less than 4 in.

(100 mm) long and not less than

⁄

in. (1.6 mm) nor more than

⁄

in. (3.2 mm) in thickness.

7.8 Spatula—A spatula with a metal blade 6 in. (150 mm) in

length and

⁄

in. (13 mm) in width, with straight edges.

7.9 Paint Brush—A standard 1 in. (25 mm) wide brush, with

natural or synthetic bristles.

7.10 Testing Machine—Any type that is of sufficient capac-

ity and that is capable of applying the load continuously and

without shock at the rate of 0.05 in. (1.27 mm)/min, with

provision for adjustment of the rate of loading.

7.11 Briquet Molds—The molds for making test specimens

shall be made of metal not attacked by the plaster mortar and

shall have sufficient material in the sides to prevent spreading

during molding. Gang molds, when used, shall be of the type

shown in Fig. 1. The dimensions of the briquet molds shall

conform to the following requirements: width of mold, be-

tween inside faces, at waist line of the briquet, 1 in. (25.4 mm)

with permissible variations of 60.01 in. (0.25 mm) for molds

in use and 60.005 in. (0.13 mm) for new molds; thickness of

molds measured at the point of greatest thickness on either side

of the mold at the waist line, 1 in. (25.4 mm) with permissible

variations of +0.004 in. (0.10 mm) and −0.002 in. (0.05 mm)

for new molds and −0.02 in. (0.5 mm) for molds in use. The

inside faces at the waist line shall have a vertical slot 0.03 in.

(0.75 mm) wide by 0.06 in. (1.5 mm) deep to accept the

divider. The briquet specimens shall conform to the dimen-

sional requirements shown in Fig. 2.

7.12 Divider—Sheet brass 0.02 in. (0.05 mm) thick, 1.1 in.

(27.8 mm) wide by 1 in. (25.4 mm) high.

7.13 Clips for Briquet Testing Machine—The clips for

holding the tension test specimen shall be in accordance with

Fig. 3.

8. Conditioning

8.1 Room Temperature and Humidity—Maintain the air

temperature in the vicinity of the mixing and testing area,

70 65 °F (21 63 °C). Maintain the relative humidity

at 50 62%.

8.2 Temperature of the Mixing Water—72 62°F

(22 61 °C).

9. High Temperature Test

9.1 Signiﬁcance and Use—This test method provides pro-

cedures for evaluating the bond strength of adhesives after

being exposed to accelerated aging at high temperature.

9.2 Specimen Preparation—For each test specimen, transfer

the bonding compound, taken from the sample obtained, into a

standard 1 pt (400 mL) glass container.

9.3 Procedure—Place the specimen in the oven for 30 days.

Remove the container, allow the compound to cool to room

temperature, mix the compound to a uniform consistency, and

test as speciﬁed in Section 12.

9.4 Test and Retests—Test six briquets and report the

average of the test results. If the result of any one of the six

FIG. 1 Briquet Gang Mold

C631 − 09 (2020)

tests varied more than 15 % from the average, reject it and

report the average of the other ﬁve tests. If the results from

more than two tests vary more than 15 % from the average,

reject the series and retest.

9.5 Precision and Bias—The precision and bias of the High

Temperature Test for determining bond strength after exposure

to high temperature is essentially the same as speciﬁed in the

test method for bond strength (see 12.7).

10. Degradation Test

10.1 Signiﬁcance and Use—This test method simulates the

effects of high temperature storage on the physical properties

of bonding compound.

10.2 Specimen Preparation—For each test, transfer the

bonding compound, from the sample obtained, into a standard

1 pt (400 mL) glass container.

10.3 Procedure—Place the specimen in the oven for

15 days. Remove the container from the oven and examine the

contents for settling and separation. Place the container back in

the oven for an additional 15 days. Remove the container and

examine the contents again for settling and separation. Allow

the compound to come to room temperature, and mix to a

uniform consistency. Mix by hand, stirring with a wood, metal,

or plastic paddle for not more than 5 min.

10.4 Tests and Retests—Bonding compound that fails to be

remixed to a uniform consistency shall be considered to have

failed the test.

10.5 Report—Determine the extent of settling and separa-

tion by measuring, and report as a percentage of the height of

the specimen in the clear glass container, represented by the

location of the liquid/solid interface.

10.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about

either the precision or bias of the degradation test for measur-

ing settling, separation, or the ability to be mixed to a uniform

consistency since the test result is nonquantitative.

11. Freeze-thaw Cycle Test

11.1 Signiﬁcance and Use—This test method provides pro-

cedures for determining the bond strength of bonding com-

pounds after being exposed to accelerated storage conditions of

alternate freezing and thawing.

11.2 Specimen Preparation—For each test specimen, trans-

fer the bonding compound, taken from the sample obtained,

into a standard 1 pt (400 mL) glass container having a screw on

or friction ﬁt cover.

11.3 Procedure—Place a covered specimen in the freezer

for 16 h. Remove the specimen and allow to thaw at room

temperature for 8 h. Repeat this procedure for ﬁve cycles. After

the ﬁfth cycle, allow the compound to come to room

temperature, and then test as speciﬁed in Section 12.

11.4 Tests and Retests—Test six briquets and report the

average of the test results. If the result of any one of the six

tests varies more than 15 % from the average, reject it and

report the average of the other ﬁve tests. If the results from

more than two tests vary more than 15 % from the average,

reject the series and retest.

11.5 Precision and Bias—The precision and bias of the

freeze-thaw cycle test for determining bond strength after

exposure to alternate freezing and thawing are essentially the

same as speciﬁed in the test method for bond strength (see

12.7).

12. Bond Strength Test

12.1 Signiﬁcance and Use—This test method provides a

method for determining the relative ability of bonding

compound, after being subject to various simulated conditions

of aging and exposure to temperature extremes, to adhere

cementitious materials to a properly prepared substrate.

12.2 Materials:

12.2.1 Gauging Plaster—Speciﬁcation C28/C28M, at nor-

mal consistency (Test Methods C472).

12.2.2 Retarder—Sodium citrate.

12.3 Preparation of Briquets:

12.3.1 Prepare not less than six briquets for each series of

tests.

12.3.2 Partition the briquet molds by placing the divider in

the slots formed at the waist of the mold.

12.3.3 Add the plaster to the required amount of water and

allow to soak for 30 s. Add approximately 0.1 g of retarder per

100 g of plaster to achievea2to3hplaster set.

NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm

FIG. 2 Briquet Specimen for Tensile Strength Test

C631 − 09 (2020)

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摘要：

ASTM C631 - 09 (2020) 是一项由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的标准规范，专门针对用于金属表面的隔热水泥（Insulating Cement）的测试要求和性能指标进行规定。该标准最初于2009年制定，并在2020年进行了最新复审确认，以确保其技术内容符合当前工业应用需求。文档详细规定了隔热水泥在密度、抗压强度、热导率、干燥收缩率、防火性能以及粘结强度等方面的最低性能要求，适用于建筑、管道、锅炉及工业设备中为减少热量传递而使用的隔热涂覆材料。通过遵循ASTM C631 -

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